WFD and MSFD in Slovenia regional perspective from a research point of view

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1 WFD and MSFD in Slovenia regional perspective from a research point of view Janja FRANCÉ & Martina ORLANDO-BONACA National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Fornače 41, SI-6330 Piran

2 WFD was published in December 2000 in the Official Journal of the European Communities - a milestone in the history of water policies in Europe WFD establishes a framework for the protection of all waters (inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater) OBJECTIVES: 1. to prevent further deterioration and to protect and to enhances the status of water resources; 2. to promote sustainable water use; 3. to enhance protection and improvement of the aquatic environment, through specific measures for the progressive reduction of discharges; 4. to ensure the progressive reduction of pollution of groundwater and prevent its further pollution; 5. to contribute to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts.

3 Overall, WFD aimed at achieving good ecological quality status for all waters by 2015 This status is based upon the biological, hydromorphological and physico-chemical quality elements, with the biological elements being especially important NIB-MBS collaborates in the implementation of the WFD from 2004 onwards Coastal waters - from the coast to the distance of one nautical mile typology of coastal waters (2 types) 4 water bodies (WB)

4 BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENTS (coastal waters): PHYTOPLANKTON MACROALGAE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE FAUNA 5 ecological quality classes in 2006 the first assessment of the ecological status of Slovenian coastal waters was done methodologies were first intercalibrated among European Mediterranean countries in 2007 surveillance and operational monitoring started in BQE and physical- chemical parameters

5 Monitoring of 3 BQEs from the 2007 onwards PHYTOPLANKTON biomass (Chlorophyll a): every year, monthly, stations, 3 depths community structure and abundance: every year, monthly, station, 3 depths MACROALGAE rocky bottom index EEI-c (not in 2009), 2017 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES soft bottom index M-AMBI (not in 2009), 2017 Methods for all BQE for coastal waters are now fully intercalibrated and are to be published in the Commission decision

6 SUPPORTING QUALITY ELEMENTS: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QE T, salinity, water transparency, nutrients and dissolved O2 methodologies developed on the base of the long-term data HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL QE methodologies for the assessment of the BQE that is sensitive to hydromorphological changes in the marine environments benthic invertebrates on our case hydromorphological alterations in the rocky and sedimentary mediolitoral hydromorphological alterations in the sedimentary infralitoral and circalitoral

7 SUPPORTING QUALITY ELEMENTS: HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL QE we developed and published a new index for the assessment of hydromorphological alterations of the rocky shores using benthic invertebrates (BIRS)

8 ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF HMWB: What is ecological potential? Hydromorphological alterations have to be connected to the use of HMWB port in the case of Bay of Koper study of the sedimentation processess (sediment traps) sampling and analyses of benthic invertebrate fauna we have assessed the individual pressures in the HMWB and prepared the overall assessment of the pressures

9 DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGIES not yet fully developed for the assessment of: ecological status of benthic invertebrates in relation to hydromorphological parameters, ecological potential of heavily modified water body of Bay of Koper, ecological status of transitional waters Škocjan inlet HMWB?

10 Development of the metodologies for the assessment of ES Literature, data and existing indices review New data acqusition Index Classification Index developmn system validation et Status assessmen t BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENTS - BQEs Phytoplankton biomass in CD abundance and structure in MSFD blooms not relevant Macroalgae and Angiosperms macroalgae in CD angiosperms not relevant in MSFD Benthic invertebrates BI rocky bottom sedimentary bottom not relevant in CD BQEs SENSITIVE TO HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS HM alterations of mediolittoral BI rocky bottom BI sedimentary bottom 2013 partly 2013 partly HM alterations of infra- and circalittoral BI sedimentary bottom 2012 partly PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY ELEMENTS nutrients, transparency no IC in CD ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL FOR HMWB sedimentation criteria for the assessment of EP partly

11 Conceptual MSFD framework Descriptors of Ecological Quality 17 Characteristics Table 1 Annex III MSFD D1 Biodiversity D4 Food webs D6 Seafloor integrity State based Initial assessment of marine waters 18 Pressures and Impacts Table 2 Annex III MSFD D2 Non-indigenous species D3 Fisheries D5 Eutrophication D7 Hydrographical condition D8 Contaminants D9 Contaminants in seafood D10 Litter D11 Noise GEnS Pressure based Descriptors of Anthropogenic Pressures

12 2013: Selection of indicators for the establishment of the monitoring programme Monitoring programmes are systematic measurements of biotic and abiotic parameters of the marine environment, with the main objective to obtain reliable long-term datasets upon which status and relevant changes in the environment can be assessed. Indicators D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 chlorophyll a structure of phytoplankton communities Posidonia oceanica Cymodocea nodosa macroalgae of the upper infralittoral bottom macroalgae of the lower infralittoral bottom bony fish cartilaginous fish invertebrates of the sedimentary infralittoral bottom invertebrates in the circalittoral - detritic muddy bottom zooplankton scyphozoan jellyfish microbial pathogens temperature salinity ph dissolved oxygen concentration of nutrients and organic carbon water transparency hydrographic changes contaminants in sea water, sediments and organisms biomarkers contaminants in seafood Benthic habitat types rocky mediolittoral sedimentary mediolittoral sedimentary infralittoral rocky infralittoral circalittoral Descriptors

13 Sampling methodology Laboratory methodology Time and frequency of sampling Sampling stations (proposal of coordinates) Methodology for the evaluation of an indicator in ecological (environmental) classes Methodology for the evaluation of sampling sites in ecological (environmental) classes 2013: Proposal for a monitoring programme for ongoing assessment of the environmental status of marine waters For every indicator:

14 2013: New elements and parameters for the national monitoring programme according to MSFD Methodology completely prepared: microbial pathogens phytoplankton zooplankton Posidonia oceanica meadow Cymodocea nodosa meadows infralittoral bony fish assemblage physico-chemical seawater parameters infralittoral habitat types non-indigenous species Methodology still in development: scyphozoan jellyfish benthic invertebrates of circalittoral soft bottom Cladocora caespitosa cartilaginous fish habitat types (mediolittoral, circalittoral) hydrographical alterations in marine environment biological effects of pollutants contaminants in seawater and sediments contaminants in fish and other seafood

15 Planned monitoring programme for indicators related to D1, D4, D5, D6 and D7 Indicators Frequency of sampling Costs for annual samplings water column + temperature, salinity, oxygen, transparency, scyphozoan jellyfish 7 stations, monthly 17, chlorophyll a 7 stations, 3 depths, monthly 9, structure of phytoplankton communities 7 stations, 3 depths, monthly 3, ph 7 stations, monthly 1, concentration of nutrients and organic carbon 7 stations, monthly 3, Posidonia oceanica 3 stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years period 5, stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years Cymodocea nodosa period 17, stations, twice per year, 2x in a 6-years macroalgae of the upper infralittoral bottom period 16, macroalgae of the lower infralittoral bottom 4 stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years period 3, bony fish 6 stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years period 9, stations, twice per year, 2x in a 6-years invertebrates of the sedimentary infralittoral bottom period 35, stations, twice per year, 2x in a 6-years invertebrates in the circalittoral - detritic muddy bottom period 63, station, twice per month + 1 station, once per zooplankton month 9, microbial pathogens 7 stations, monthly 6, hydrographic changes 4 stations, once per year 14, biomarkers 2 biomarkers, 3 stations, 4x per year 20, habitats - rocky mediolittoral 4 stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years period 23, habitats - sedimentary mediolittoral 4 stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years period 23, habitats - rocky infralittoral 6 stations, once per year, 2x in a 6-years period 7, Average needed budget per year cca

16 Funds ( ) Number of analyses Budget overview of the marine monitoring programme at the MBP until , , Total N of analyses 150, N of analyses for biological elements 100, funds for marine monitoring MBP 50, Year 0

17 Gaps and perspectives in the MSFD implementation from a research point of view Funds for the last step of the development and testing of new methodologies for the assessment of the EnS; integration of existing programmes and databases for the establishment of a proper national monitoring programme; cooperation with MSs of the Adriatic sub-region and the Mediterranean region (intercalibration of methodologies, spatial and temporal planning); CONTINUITY (knowledge transfer, stable funding); maintainment or achievement of GEnS -> 2020.

18 Thank you for your attention