2 nd Ad Hoc Working Group Meeting Brussels, 10 November Service Contract N /2007/482665/MAR/G2

Transcription

1 2 nd Ad Hoc Working Group Meeting Brussels, 10 November 2008 Service Contract N /2007/482665/MAR/G2 STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN Work Package 1 Development of a Preliminary Report for the evaluation of the necessity of revision for the existing criteria for Footwear product group Work Package 2 Revision of the existing criteria for the allocation of the EU Eco-label to Footwear products. 1

2 Aims of the meeting and presentation of the contents Presentation of the Final Report Footwear (23/10/2008): Market analysis update; EU regulatory update (test methods references). Discussion on the revision of the current criteria for footwear: Presentation of the comments and proposals on the current Criteria received after the I AHWG meeting (March 2008); LCA results; Presentation of the First Draft Criteria proposal. Conclusions on the criteria revision proposal and time table for next actions This presentation shows the project progress at the end of October 2008 The following deliverables have been distributed: a. Final Report; b. 1 st Background Report for the footwear criteria revision (included in the final report); c. 1 st Draft Criteria Document. WP1 activities: up to date situation (Table 1.1 in the Report) TASK ACTION DEADLINE Deliverables Status Beginning of the project 17 December 2007 WP1 timetable Ok 1 AHWG meeting 12 March 2008 TASK 1 Management of the AHWG comments 26 March 2008 Preliminary Draft Report; PPT presentation Minutes of the 1 st AHWG meeting 26 March 2008 Minutes Ok Preliminary draft Report on the WP1 activities diffusion to EC 27 October 2008 Updated Preliminary Draft Report Preliminary Draft Report Comments from EC - Ok Management of EC and stakeholders comments on Preliminary draft report and distribution to all interested parties Final WP1 report preparation (containing an LCA study for footwear production) First Background report (integrated in the WP1 Report) 27 October 2008 Task 2 First Draft criteria proposal 1 draft criteria Ok Final Draft Report Documents for the 1 AHWG Meeting 1 draft criteria Ok II AHWG meeting 10 November Final Draft Report 1 st Background Report Preliminary Draft Report; PPT presentation Minutes of the In 2 weeks Minutes Next Management of the AHWG comments In 2 weeks Draft Report Next Task 3 ppt presentation Next Documentation for the EUEB meeting 19 November 2nd Draft criteria EUEB meeting 3 December - Next Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Next 2

3 Contents of the Reports for the 2 nd AHWG FINAL REPORT Information about EU and Worldwide Footwear Market (the data collected considers the EU-25 Member States and the EU market relevance compared with global trends or other non-eu countries statistics) European legislation analysis (investigating regulatory improvements for the footwear sector) 1 Background Report LCA analysis on Footwear (investigating the environmental impacts linked to the production of shoes) Technical analysis of existing criteria (analysis of the criteria revision) Market data update Footwear Classes (Elaborated to Eurostat Prod COM categories) Category Use (including different use classes to highlight main footwear market s demands) INDOOR FOOTWEAR TOWN FOOTWEAR CHILDREN FOOTWEAR SPORTS FOOTWEAR SAFETY FOOTWEAR Slippers and other Type 1 footwear, including bedroom and dancing slippers, mules. Men and women footwear, including boots and shoes, daily used for common purposes. Children footwear, including sandals and shoes, daily used for common purposes Tennis shoes, basketball shoes, gym shoes, training shoes, ski boots, cross-country ski footwear, snowboard boots. Shoes with protective reinforced cap made of different kind of materials used for working purposes. Category Materials (category based on the main materials used in the footwear manufacture. Only the main component materials have been considered) LEATHER TEXTILE RUBBER & PLASTICS Men, women, children sandals with leather (and cork, wood) materials. Shoes with textile composition in particular for uppers components. Shoes rubber or plastic outer soles and uppers (e.g. waterproof shoes) Footwear Materials classes (data elaborated by LCE) (Table 2.7 in the PR) Footwear Use classes (data elaborated by LCE) (Table 2.6 in the PR) 3

4 Market data update Footwear Classes (Elaborated to Eurostat Prod COM categories) Sports 9% Category Use (including different use classes to highlight main footwear market s demands) Safety 5% Children 8% Indoor 13% Town 65% Textile 16% Category Materials (category based on the main materials used in the footwear manufacture. Only the main component materials have been considered) Rubber and plastics 21% Lather 63% Footwear manufacture breakdown by use in terms of sold products (data elaborated by LCE) (Figure 2.5 in the PR) Footwear manufacture breakdown by materials in terms of sold products (data elaborated by LCE) (Figure 2.6 in the PR) SUMMARY OF THE MARKET ANALYSIS Below is presented the market data situation in Europe for the different classes individuated. Note: it has to be highlighted that for the Materials category only the percentage values are reported, because of some overlaps in the code use, due to the mixed composition of some kind of shoes: a precise value would have not meaning. Summary of the Footwear European market by use and by main materials (elaborated by LCE) (Tables 2.8 and 2.9in the PR) USE Category Category EUROPEAN FOOTWEAR PRODUCTION 2006 TOTAL PRODUCTION (unit: 1000 pairs) TOTAL PRODUCTION % TOTAL VALUE (unit: 1000 ) Town % % Children % % Sports % % Type % % Type % % Total TOTAL VALUE % Leather 63% 80% MATERIALS Textile 16% 8% Rubber & Plastics 21% 12% 4

5 LCA INVENTORY MODEL A complete Life Cycle Assessment of a generic average shoehas been conduced, referred to 1 pair of shoes. Two different kind of shoes are taken into account for this analysis: type 1 and type 2. Differences mainly depend by the declared composition: in both cases we considered, the shoe was made of a mix of leather and synthetic textile material. Data sources used for the inventory: 1. B. Rivela,M.T. Moreira,C. Bornhardt, R. Meandez andg.feijoo, Life CycleAssessmentas a Tool for the Environmental Improvement of the Tannery Industry in Developing Countries, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, ; 2. L. Mila, X. Domenech, J. Rieradevall, P. Fullana, R. Puig, Application of Life Cycle Assessment tofootwear, Int.J.LCA3(4) ; 3. Environmental Declaration of an Italian Tannery, INCAS (2006); 4. Direct data(questionnaires and private studies) 5

6 LCA RESULTS INTERPRETATION Main environmental results associated with the Type 1 shoes production Type 1 Cattle Unit shoes raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing Total GER feedstock MJ/pair ,5-1, Of which electricity MJ/pair <0,1 <0,1 0,5-1 1,0-1,5 1,5-2,0 GWP Kg CO 2eq/pair 4-5 <0,1 0,5-1 1, EP g PO 3-4 /pair ,1-0, AP g SO 2/pair <0, POCP g C 2H 4/pair 2,5-3 <0,1 0,5-1 0,3-0,5 3-5 Main environmental results associated with the Type 2 shoes production. Type 2 Cattle Unit shoes raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing Total GER feedstock MJ/pair ,3-0, Of which electricity MJ/pair <0,1 <0,1 0,2-0, GWP Kg CO 2eq/pair 2-3 <0,1 0,4-0, EP g PO 4 3- /pair <0, AP g SO 2/pair <0, POCP g C 2H 4/pair 1-2 <0,1 0,2-0,5 0,1-0,2 1-2 LCA RESULTS INTERPRETATION Contribution to energy and irreversible GHG emissions of main raw materials 1% 3% 14% 10% 11% 12% 2% 2% 14% 1% 12% [GER-feedstock] Type1 58% [IrreversibleGWP] Type1 60% Leather Cellulose Adhesive Tissue Energy Polyurethane Leather Cellulose Adhesive Tissue Energy Polyurethane Transport 1% 1% 3% 4% 7% 8% 1% 8% 7% [GER-feedstock] Type2 81% [IrreversibleGWP] Type2 79% Leather Cellulose Adhesive Tissue Energy Leather Cellulose Adhesive Tissue Energy Transport 6

7 LCA RESULTS INTERPRETATION Contribution to energy and GWP of each phase [GER-feedstock] Type1 [GER-feedstock] Type2 26% 11% 1% 23% 12% 1% 62% [GWP] Type1 64% Cattle raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing Cattle raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing 49% 44% 9% 8% 0% 43% 0% [GWP] Type2 47% Cattle raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing Cattle raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing 7

8 Test methods references update EN Footwear-Test methods for the assessment of ecological criteria" Criterion (Dec. 2002/231/EC) 1 Residues in the final product 2 3 Emissions from the production of material Use of harmful substances (up until purchase) Parameter Cr(VI) Current Test Method Dec. 2002/231/EC - CEN TC 309 WI DS/EN DIN 53314: Updated Test Method proposal (CEN/ISO) EN EN ISO Cd, Pb, As - CEN TC 309 WI EN Formaldehyde - Textiles: CEN TC 309 WI Leather: CEN TC 309 WI EN EN ISO EN EN ISO or 2 COD (leather) - ISO 6060 ISO 6060 Chromium (III)/l - ISO EN EN ISO PCP / TCP - CEN TC 309 WI Azo dyes - CEN TC 309 WI ISO 9174 EN 1233 EN ISO EN For PCP: Leather EN ISO Textile XP G EN Leather CEN ISO TS Textile EN or 2 N-Nitrosamines - EN ( ) EN Chloralkanes None EN Use of VOCs VOCs - CEN TC 309 WI EN Use of PVC Phtalates None EN PREN Energy consumption Calculation None EN Parameters contributing to durability Durability for all type (except safety shoes ) - CEN TC 309 WI EN Criteria Framework Old Criteria 1. Residues in the final product 2. Emissions from the production of material 3. Use of harmful substances 4. Use of VOCs during final assembly of shoes 5. Use of PVC 6. Energy Consumption 7. Electric components 8. Packaging of the final product 9. Information on the packaging New Criteria proposal 1. Residues in the final product 2. Use of Materials for the final product assessment 3. Reduction of water consumption (for the tanning of hides and skins) 4. Emissions from the production of material 5. Use of harmful substances 6. Use of VOCs during final assembly of shoes 7. Energy Consumption 8. Packaging of the final product 9. Information on the packaging 10. Information appearing on the eco-label 11. Parameters contributing to durability 10. Information appearing on the eco-label 11. Parameters contributing to durability 8

9 ARTICLE 2 DEFINITION OF THE PRODUCT GROUP Current text The product group footwear shall comprise: All articles of clothing designed to protect or cover the foot, with a fixed outer sole which comes into contact with the ground. Modification proposal The product group footwear shall comprise: All articles of clothing designed to protect or cover the foot, with a fixed outer sole which comes into contact with the ground. Footwear shall not contain any electric or electronic components. The exclusion of the electric and electronic components currently required in the criterion 7 could be moved at this point CRITERIA PREMISE APPLICATION OF THE CRITERIA New proposal The topside shoe components weighting less than 5% of the whole topside part shall not be taken into account for the application of the following criteria. The bottom side shoe components weighting less than 5% of the whole outer sole shall not be taken into account for the application of the following criteria. To facilitate the award, avoiding expensive and useless tests on negligible parts of the shoe 9

10 CRITERION 1 RESIDUES IN THE FINAL PRODUCT Current criterion (a) The average concentration of residues of Chromium (VI) in the final product shall not exceed 10 ppm and the residues of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead shall not be detected in the final product Restriction ofthe criterion for the Cr (VI)onlyto leather shoes: because this derives from the leather treatments only; Lowering of the limit for Cr(VI) to 3ppm (EN ISO limit of detection); Movement of the requirements for As, Cd and Pb to another new criterion, because of the difficulties and the costs of the grinding method application. Modification proposal (a) The average concentration of residues of Chromium (VI) in the final product for shoes made of leather shall not be detected. This requirement shall not apply if the tanning process is chrome free. CRITERION 1 RESIDUES IN THE FINAL PRODUCT Current criterion (b) The amount of free and partially hydrolysable formaldehyde of the textile components of the footwear shall not exceed 75 ppm and of the leather components shall not exceed 150 ppm. Modification proposal (b) The amount of free and partially hydrolysable formaldehyde of the components of the footwear shall not exceed the following limits: Textile: Children shoes (0-12 years) = 20 ppm. (non detectable); Other shoes = 75 ppm. Leather = 150 ppm. Anewlimit forchildrenproductshasbeencreated; Textile limit agree with the limit imposed for the EU Ecolabel for Textile products not indirectcontactwithskin andwith theoekotex STANDARD100. For leather no European legal limits exist, but only commercial agreements. 10

11 CRITERION 2 USE OF MATERIALS FOR THE FINAL PRODUCT ASSESSMENT New proposal (a) The residues of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead shall not be detected in the materials used for the product assembly; A limit of 1mg/kg has been proposed. (b) If PVC is used it must comply with the Directive 2005/84/CE on phthalates, which provide the limitation and exclusion of some components. In particular, it is forbidden to the use of the following substances, which are also prioritised under the EChA SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern) list: Bis(2-ethyl(hexyl)phthalate) (DEHP) Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) dibutylphthalate(dbp) The PVC MADE label is requested on the shoes (or pack). An information concerning the content (in%) of virgin/recycled PVC contained in the shoes must be put on the product packaging. Finally, the applicant is requested to provide evidences of the wiliness to make feasible a suitable and practicable way to collect shoes at the end of their life for recycling. CRITERION 2 (a) The requirement for of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead has been moved PROPOSAL here, as already explained, because of difficulties in the application and costs of the grinding method. SUBSTANCES RESTRICTIONS (Directive CRITERIA 2005/84/CE ) Bis (2-ethyl(hexyl)phthalate) (DEHP) Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) Shall not be used as substances or as constituents of preparations, at concentrations of greater than 0,1 % by mass of the plasticised material, in toys Prohibited dibutylphthalate (DBP) and childcare* articles. (b) The criterion for the PVC use has been moved here and has been modified to allow Shall not be used as substances or as di- isononyl phthalate (DINP) also the use of virgin PVC, with an increase of constituents guarantees of preparations, for safety at and environmental concentrations of greater than 0,1 % by Compliance with the protection: di- isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) mass of the plasticised material, in toys Directive 2005/84/CE and childcare* articles which can be LCA, Risk assessment di-n-octylphthalate and other studies (DNOP) demonstrate placed in that the mouth the current by children. production processes of the PVC monomer are less dangerous and harmful for the health and for the environment than before. The use of phthalates has been restricted to the minimum or prohibited; Appropriated information will be provided to the final consumer; Vinyl2010 (Recovinyl or Vinyl Foundation) or other PVC recycling scheme providing a written evidence that Vinyl2010 s recommendations, or equivalent, are complied with, could be used to demonstrate the applicant engagement in some way to collect shoes at the end of their life for recycling. 11

12 CRITERION 3 REDUCTION OF WATER CONSUMPTION (only for the tanning of hides and skins) Proposal 1 For the tanning process the limit of 30 m 3 of fresh water/t of raw skin tanned shall not be exceed. New proposal Proposal 2 The following limits to water consumption for the tanning of hide and skin shall not be exceeded: Adult bovine skin: 25 m 3 /t Calf skin: 40 m 3 /t. Many literature references demonstrate the achievability of this limits CRITERION 4 (ex criterion 2) EMISSIONS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIAL Current criterion (a) The waste water from leather tanning sites and from the textile industries shall be treated, either by an in-house or municipal waste water treatment plant/facility, so as to achieve a reduction of the COD content of at least 85 %. BAT for Tanning of Hides and Skins give an average value for COD total emission to water between kg/tofrawbovine hide. The more restrictive law hurdles in Europe are of mg/l. 125 mg/l of COD in the effluent water matches with the European legislation requirements for discharges from treatment plants to urban waste water. Feasible? Modification proposal Proposal 1 (a) The content of COD in waste water from leather tanning sites shall not exceed XXX g/kg of hide expressed as an annual average. NOTE: the hurdle value has to be discussed. (b) The content of COD in waste water from the textile industries, either by an in-house or municipal waste water treatment plant/facility, shall not exceed 20 g/kg of textiles expressed as an annual average. Proposal 2 The content of COD in waste water from the textile and tanning industries, either by an in-house or municipal waste water treatment plant/facility, shall not exceed 125 mg/l of water discharged. If the textile component is made only of synthetic fibres this requirement does not apply. 12

13 CRITERION 4 (ex criterion 2) EMISSIONS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIAL Current criterion No modification (b) Tannery waste water after treatment shall contain less than 5 mg Chromium (III)/l. CRITERION 5 (ex criterion 3) USE OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES (UP UNTIL PURCHASE) Current criterion Modification proposal a) Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Tetrachlorophenol (TCP) and theirsalts and esters shall not be used. Textiles: limit value 0,05 ppm Leather: limit value 5 ppm (b) No azodyes shall be used that may cleave to any of the following aromatic amines: [for the list of substances, please, refer to the Commission Decision 2002/231/EC.] Textiles: limit 30 ppm. (note: false positives are possible for 4-aminoazobenzene and confirmation is therefore recommended); Leather: limit 30 ppm. (note: false positives are possible for 4-aminoazobenzene, 4- aminodiphenyland 2-naphthylamine and confirmation is therefore recommended). No modifications... Textiles: limit 20 ppm. (note: false positives are possible for 4-aminoazobenzene and confirmation is therefore recommended); Leather: limit 20 ppm. (note: false positives are possible for 4-aminoazobenzene, 4-aminodiphenyl and 2-naphthylamine and confirmation is therefore recommended). 30 ppm is already forbidden by law (Directive 2002/61/EC) 13

14 CRITERION 5 (ex criterion 3) USE OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES (UP UNTIL PURCHASE) Current criterion Modification proposal Under regulation for toys and teeth products: restriction of the requirement only to infant shoes? (c) The following N-Nitrosamines shall not be detected in rubber. [for the list of substances, please, refer to the Commission Decision 2002/231/EC] (d) C10-C13 chloralkanesshall not be used in leather, rubber or textile components. Harmonisation with EU criteria for textiles Disperse dyes for textiles components? (Reference: EU Ecolabel for textiles) The points (c) and (d) have not been modified. (e) The following dyes classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction shall not be used to dye the materials used for the final product assembly: C.I. Basic Red 9 C.I. Disperse Blue 1 C.I. Acid Red 26 C.I. Basic Violet 14 C.I. Disperse Orange 11 C. I. Direct Black 38 C. I. Direct Blue 6 C. I. Direct Red 28 C. I. Disperse Yellow 3 (f) Nonylphenolethoxylate(NPE) and Perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS) shall not be used. CRITERION 6 (ex criterion 4) USE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS(VOCS) DURING FINAL ASSEMBLY OF SHOES Current criterion Modification proposal The total use of VOCs during final footwear production, for the following categories, shall not exceed on average: General sports, school footwear, occupational, men's town, cold weather footwear: 25 gram VOC/pair, Casual, women's town: 25 gram VOC/pair, Fashion, infants, indoor: 20 gram VOC/pair. The total use of VOCs during final footwear production, for the following categories, shall Directive 1999/13/CE allows a maximum limit of limit of 25 gram VOC/pair not exceed, on average, gram VOC/pair. 14

15 CRITERION 7 (ex criterion 6) ENERGY CONSUMPTION Current criterion (not mandatory) The applicant is requested on a voluntary basis to provide detailed information on the energy consumption per pair of footwear. LCA results in terms of GERand GWPshow thatthe direct energy consumption in the manufacturing stage represents about 10% of the total contribution. The hurdle proposed is an average value based on the the LCA results and some literature data (See Background report, pag. 59, table 5.9). Isitfeasible? Modification proposal(mandatory?) The energy consumption at the manufacturing stage shall not exceed the limit of 5 MJ/pair. CRITERION 7 (ex criterion 6) ENERGY CONSUMPTION Technical Appendix A1. Energy consumption calculation The average electric consumption (AEC) for each pair of shoes can be calculated two alternative ways: On the base of the standard daily production of the plant: -MJ dp = direct energy used in daily production [electricity + fossil fuels] as annual average; -N = number of shoes daily produced as annual average. On the base of the effective ecolabelled production of the plant: -MJ ep = MJ used in the production of the Ecolabelledshoes [electricity + fossil fuels] as annual (annual data); -N ep = number of Ecolabelled shoes produced as annual data. 15

16 CRITERION 8 PACKAGING OF THE FINAL PRODUCT Current criterion Where cardboard boxes are used for the final packaging of footwear, they shall be made from a minimum of 80 % recycledmaterial. Where plastic bags are used for the final packaging of footwear, they shall be made from recycled material. Modification proposal Where cardboard boxes are used for the final packaging of footwear, they shall be made from 100 % recycled material. Where plastic bags are used for the final packaging of footwear, they shall be made from recycled material. CRITERION 9. INFORMATION OF THE PACKAGING The criteria report some basic recommendations about the product correct use, as: These shoes have been treated to improve their water resistance. They do not require further treatment. Where possible repair your footwear rather than throw them away. This is less damaging to the environment. When disposing of footwear, please use appropriate local recycling facilities where these are available. The proposed modifications have to be discussed at the end of the revision process, according to the other criteria changes and to the Ecolabel Regulation. CRITERION 10. INFORMATION APPEARING ON THE ECO-LABEL The decision text cites: Box 2 of the eco-label shall contain the following text: -low air and water pollution, - harmful substances avoided. 16

17 CRITERION 11 - PARAMETERS CONTRIBUTING TO DURABILITY The value for the categories school and casual has been interchanged Cold weather General sports School footwear Casual Men s town Women s town Fashion Infants Indoor footwear Dry = 100 Uppers flex resistant: Dry = 100 Dry = 100 Dry = 80 Dry = 80 Dry = 50 Wet = 20 Dry = 15 Dry = 15 Dry = 15 (kc without visible damage) Wet = 20 Wet = 20 Wet = 20 Wet = 20 Wet = = 30 Uppers tear strength: (Average tear force, N) Leather Other materials Outsoles flex resistance: Cut growth (mm) 4 4 Nsc=no spontaneous crack Nsc Nsc Outsoles abrasion resistance: D 0,9 g/cm 3 (mm 3 ) D < 0,9 g/cm 3 (mg) Nsc Nsc Nsc at -10 C Nsc Uppersole adhesion: (N/mm) 4,0 4,0 3,0 3,5 3,5 3,0 2,5 3,0 2,5 Outsoles tear strength: (Average strength, N/mm) D 0,9 g/cm D < 0,9 g/cm Colour fastness of the inside of the footwear (lining or inner face of the upper). Grey scale on the felt after 50 cycles wet 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 THE FOOTWEAR CRITERIA: THE MEANING OF A LCA Correspondence between the materials that mainly contributes to the environmental impact and the criteria structure Type 1 [GER-feedstock] Leather Cellulose Adhesive Tissue Energy Plastic components 3% 1% 58% 10% 14% 14% 6. Use of VOCs during final assembly of shoes 1.Residues in the final product (b) 4. Emissions from the production of material 5. Use of harmful substances 7. Energy Consumption 2. Use of Materials for the final product assessment (b) 1. Residues in the final product 2. Use of Materials for the final product assessment (a) 3. Reduction of water consumption 4. Emissions from the production of material 5. Use of harmful substances * For this LCA study polypropylene has been used, but it has to be taken into account that other products could be used (e.g.: PVC and other plastics, steel, etc.) 17

18 THE FOOTWEAR CRITERIA: THE MEANING OF A LCA Correspondence between the life cycle phases and the criteria structure Type 1 [GER-feedstock] Cattle raising Slaughterhouse Tannery Manufacturing 62% 1% 11% 26% 1. Residues in the final product 3. Reduction of water consumption 4. Emissions from the production of material 5. Use of harmful substances 2. Use of Materials for the final product assessment 3. Reduction of water consumption 5. Use of harmful substances 6. Use of VOCs during final assembly of shoes 7. Energy Consumption 11. Parameters contributing to durability The managing of this phase is out of the scope of the Ecolabel criteria. FOOTWEAR ECOLABELLING AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LCE has been invited to participate to two project promoted by UNEP for the ENABLING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO SEIZE ECO-LABELLING OPPORTUNITIES. 1 er Taller Nacional de Ecoetiquetado México Promoviendo oportunidades de ecoetiquetado en países en desarrollo (Attended by CIMAC). Regional workshop on eco-labelling, th september, 2008, at the Silver Springs Hotel, Nairobi Kenya; 18

19 For any further information, do not hesitate to contact us at the following references Gian Luca Baldo Marco Montani 60, Via Livorno- edificio A Torino- Italy Ph Fax Website: LCE For specific technical questions please write to: 19