BANAT PLAIN THE ROMANIAN CASE STUDY FREEWAT PLATFORM APPLICATION

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1 Open Workshop 1st FREEWAT User and Developers International Workshop September 21 st 2017 IDAEA. CID - CSIC 16 Jordi Girona Barcelona BANAT PLAIN THE ROMANIAN CASE STUDY FREEWAT PLATFORM APPLICATION Ada Pandele, Marian Minciuna, Emil Radu, Irina Serpescu, Valentina Manea, Teodora Ionel, Teodora Vasile, Catalina Radu National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Taken from:

2 General presentation of Banat Plain (study area) Figure 1 - Study area location Banat Plain is a recent subsidence alluvial plain; The modeled domain is located in the central area of the ROBA03 groundwater body and on small areas of the ROBA04, ROBA02, ROBA01 groundwater bodies; The study objective was the shallow aquifer located in the flood plain and terrace consisting of alluvial deposits (Upper Pleistocene Holocene). The information, about the aquifer, comes from the observation wells pertaining to the National Hydrogeological Network; The bottom of the aquifer is around 15 m in the flood plain and terrace areas and around 30 m in interfluves areas. The deposits consist of argillaceous +/- silty sands, sands with gravels that alternate with sandy +/- silty clays, argillaceous +/- sandy silts; The aquifer is unconfined, but locally may present the behavior of a confined aquifer, more exactly in the areas where, in the top of the porous permeable deposits, there are argillaceous levels; The average multiannual hydrostatic level is at depths of 1 5 m in the flood plain and terrace areas and 2 7 m in interfluves areas.

3 General presentation of Banat Plain (study area) Figure 3. Hydrogeological Cross-Section in Sanandrei Area Figure 4. Hydrogeological Cross-Section in Remetea Mare Area Figure 5. Hydrogeological Cross-Section in Jebel Area Figure 6. Hydrogeological Cross-Section in na Urseni Area

4 Description of the first mathematical model created for the shallow aquifer in the study area The case study was developed within the EU project - SEE/A/022/2.1/X - CC WATERS - Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply. The objective of the project was to estimate the influence of climate changes on the shallow groundwater resources; The mathematical model of the groundwater flow for the phreatic aquifer (ROBA03) in Banat Plain area (between the Old Bega River, in the north, and Timis River, in the sourth) was performed using the Groundwater Modeling System software by finitedifference method; Figure 6 The piezometric map The unconfined aquifer (ROBA03) is collected in Quaternary deposits, consisting of sandy clay and loess, having in the bottom a clay layer; The mathematical model is run in a steadystate regimen. The saturated zone thicknesses varies between 7 and 37 m and the hydraulic conductivity values range between 10 and 30 m/day.

5 Description of the first mathematical model created for the shallow aquifer in the study area Available data INPUT DATA the hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer (hydraulic conductivity, lithological data, abstraction yields values from phreatic aquifer, transmissivity, porosity) rivers water levels, precipitation and temperature values. OUTPUT results water balance; for the water balance calculation the ALSUBT model was used. The ALSUBT model is based on decomposition of precipitation in 5 components (snow, liquid precipitation, groundwater inflow, evapotranspiration, surface runoff). For the modeled area ( 1200 km 2 ) a model grid composed of rectangular cells (250X200 m) was built. The boundary conditions of the model are: on the north-eastern limit of the model a Dirichlet type boundary - constant head, given by the piezometric head contour line of 100 m; on the north-western limit a Cauchy type boundary - potential flow dependent on the Bega River ( groundwater level is equal to the water level in the river ); on the south-western limit of the model a Dirichlet type boundary - constant head, given by the piezometric head contour line of 75 m; on the south-eastern limit a Cauchy type boundary - on the Timis river; the vertical limit of the hydrostructure is given by the bottom of the aquifer that has a no-flow condition.

6 Results of the first mathematical model created for the shallow aquifer in the study area Figure 8 - West - East cross section Figure 9 - North - South cross section Figure 7 - Geometry of the mathematical model Figure 10 - Model Calibration - measured levels vs. calculated levels Figure 11 The piezometric map after calibration

7 Application of the FREEWAT Platform in Banat Plain (Romanian case study) Location Groundwater bodies Surface Rivers Western part of Romania, Central part of Banat Plain ROBA01 ROBA02 ROBA03 ROBA km2 Old Bega Timiș Bega Figure 12 Study Area Location The shallow aquifer, with a good status from a quantitative point of view, is mainly used as a water supply source for drinking water, for domestic use, as well in industrial and agricultural activities. The FREEWAT platform will allow the evaluation of groundwater resources of the shallow aquifer and their availability for any future necessities.

8 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Horizontal discretization of the study area Figure 13 Horizontal discretization Number of cells: (250m X 250m) Simulation: Steady-state

9 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Geometry of the hydrostructure Figure 14 - Bottom of the hydrostructure Figure 15 - Top of the hydrostructure

10 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Hydraulic conductivity Kx=Ky (10-30 m/day) Kz ( m/day) Figure 16 Horizontal variation of hydraulic conductivity

11 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Figure 17 Elevation Measurements Elevation measurements on rivers were made alongside the rivers: Old Bega, Timiș and Bega.

12 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Piezometric level Figure 18 The piezometric map resulted by interpolating the data collected on the field

13 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Recharge Figure 19 Horizontal variation of the recharge

14 The Hydrogeological Model - Input Data Pumping wells (Q = 77,6 m 3 /day) Figure 20 Locationd of the pumping wells from the Romanian National Hydrogeological Network

15 The Hydrogeological Model Boundary Conditions Figure 21 Boundary conditions

16 Run Model Figure 22 Selected Boundary Conditions for simulationg the groundwater flow

17 Results Figure 23 Piezometric map and flow budget for the calibrated model

18 Scenarios: 1. Impact of new capture fronts on the aquifer system Wells Q m 3 /day Initial Wells 0,0009 New simulation 0,03 Figure 24 Piezometric map for scenario 1

19 Scenarios: 1. Impact of new capture fronts on the aquifer system Initial Model Scenario 1 Figure 25 - Flow budget comparison

20 Scenarios: 2. Increase of the water exploited from the study area with 50% Figure 26 Piezometric map for scenario 2 The effect is the decrease of the groundwater level throughout the modeled area and the change of the river-aquifer

21 Scenarios: 3. The impact of climate change Scenario for The average temperature will rise by 1.6 % and rainfall decreases by 4.2 %; These changes bring about a reduction of the aquifer recharge by about 8.5 %; The results of the model show that the groundwater levels decreases over the entire surface of the modeled area, with a maximum of about 0.73 m around the city Timișoara. This means a reduction in the volume of the water resource. Scenario for The average temperature will rise by 3.5 % and rainfall decreases by 5.3 %; These changes bring about a reduction of the aquifer recharge by about 15 %; The results of the model show that the groundwater levels decreases over the entire surface of the modeled area, with a maximum of about 1.72 m around the city Timișoara. This means a reduction in the volume of the water resource.

22 Scenarios: 3. The impact of climate change Results of the simulatios for period Results of the simulatios for period Figure 27 Piezometric maps for scenario 3

23 Disemination NIHWM Scientific Conference: Water, vital resource and risk factor perspectives of integrated management, Bucharest, of October 2016, FREEWAT - FREE and open source software tools for WATer resource management project objectives and partial results ; 17 International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2017, 27 June 6 July 2017, Utilization of the FREEWAT Platform - FREE open-source tool for groundwater resource management, within pilot area Banat Plain ; National Workshop: EU H2020 FREEWAT Platform for water resourse management, Bucharest, 7 of September 2017.

24 Training May 2017 Bucharest, NIHWM headquarter, 19 participants; May 2017 Bucharest, Groundwater Engineering Research Centre from the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, 11 participants; May 2017 Bucharest, NIHWM headquarter, 26 participants; May 2017 Timisoara, Water Basin Administration Banat, 21 participants. Figure 28 Training sesions

25 Thank you for your attention!