Part IV IMPACT OF VEHICLE POLLUTION IN ADDIS ABABA

Transcription

1 Part IV IMPACT OF VEHICLE EMISSIONS Demiss AlemuON Amibe AIR (Dr. Ing) POLLUTION IN ADDIS ABABA

2 Outline Air pollutants associated with vehicular emissions Air quality measurement Methodology Pollutant measurement sites Determination of air quality and impact evaluation Mitigation measures

3 Air Pollutants Associated with Vehicular Emissions Pollutants t Carbon monoxide, CO Hydrocarbons, HC Nitrogen g oxides, NOx Sulfur oxides, SO 2 Particulate Matter PM Particulate Matter, PM 2.5 Ozone (O 3 )

4 Air Quality Measurement and Impact Evaluation Pollutants Considered Carbon monoxide, CO Particulatei l matter, PM2.5 Nitrogeng dioxide, NO2 Sulfur dioxide, SO2

5 Methodology Literature review Selection of measuring sites Collection of primary data Evaluation of the data on the basis of the WHO and ETH EPA ambient air quality guidelines

6 Measurement Site

7 Determination of Quality and Impact Evaluation Determination of Carbon Monoxide, CO concentration CO concentration levels in the ambient air at all selected sites were measured and determined. Measured data are presented graphically and in tabular form Examplegraphical l dt data

8 Measured CO concentration at Bole bridge during the dry season CO, ppm :30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 Time, hour

9 Measured CO concentration at Teklehaimanot Square during the dry season

10 CO concentrations at different sites collected during the dry season Site CO Concentration, ppm Code Name Max 15 Max 30 Max 1 8 hour Maximum minute minute hour average average average average S1 Aduwa Square (Megenagna) S2 Arada (Arada building) S3 Betel S4 Bob Marley Square (Imperial Hotel ) S5 Bole Bridge S6 Bus Station (Addis Ketema) S7 Entoto (St. Mary Church) S8 Kaliti Road Intersection (Traffic light) S9 La gare Traffic Light S10 Mexico Square S11 Teklehaimanot Square S12 Urael Traffic Light Average

11 CO concentrations at different sites

12 Wet season CO concentration level at different sites CO concentration, ppm Max Max 30 Max 1 hour 8 hour Max. 15 minute minute average average average average Site Bus station (Addis Ketema) Mexico Square Teklehaimanot Square

13 Evaluation of CO Impact Results obtained were evaluated. CO concentration level in the ambient air is below both the WHO and ETH EPA EPA guideline limits Impact can be considered insignificant

14 Determination of Air Quality and Impact Evaluation Continued Determination of particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentration Concentration levels of PM 2.5 in the ambient air were measured and determine d at all sites Measurement results are presented in a tabular and graphical form Graphical data for some sites

15 PM 2.5 concentrations at Teklehaimanot Square during dry season

16 PM 2.5 concentrations at Bole Bridge during dry season

17 PM 2.5 concentration data for different sites during the dry season Site PM 2.5 Concentration, µg/m 3 Code Name 24-hour average Maximum S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 Aduwa Square (Megenagna) Arada (Arada building) Betel BbM Bob Marley Square (Imperial ilhtl) Hotel Bole Bridge Bus Station ti (Addis Kt Ketema) Entoto (St. Mary Church) Kaliti Road Intersection ti (Traffic light) La gare traffic light Mexico Square Taklehaimanot Square Urael Traffic Light

18 PM 2.5 concentration in ambient air, dry season

19 PM 2.5 concentration levels at the three sites during the wet season Site PM 2.5 concentration, µg/m 3 24 hour average Maximum Bus station (Addis Ketema) Mexico Square Teklehaimanot Square

20 PM 2.5 Impact Evaluation PM 2.5 concentration levels in the ambient air are higher than the WHO guideline limits for all sites. PM 2.5 concentration levels are also higher than the ETHEPA guideline limit values except for Aduwa Square (S1), Arada (S2), Imperial Hotel, (S4) and Entoto sites (S7). Impact of particulate matter can be considered significant with a potential to pose considerable negative health effectson the city population.

21 Determination of Air Quality And Impact Evaluation Continued Determination of NO 2 concentration Measurement of NO 2 concentration in the ambient air was performed at all selected sites. NO 2 concentration level in the ambient air was not detected/indicated at all measurement sites. NO 2 concentration is bl below guideline limits. i

22 Determination of Air Quality and Evaluation Continued Determination of SO 2 concentration Measurement of SO 2 concentration in the ambient air was carried at all selected sites. SO 2 concentration was not detected/indicated by the instrument. SO 2 levell in the ambient air is below guideline limiti values

23 Estimated annual emission of pollutants per vehicle category (2010/2011)

24 Mitigation Measures Develop/ establish national vehicle emission standards Introduce more stringent sulfur level requirement in fuels Require catalytic converters in all new vehicles Set age limits on importation of second hand vehicles Limit importation of second hand vehicles to those having catalytic converter installed.

25 Mitigation Measures Retrofit heavy duty and all other existing diesel vehicles with particulate filters/traps matching the filter requirements, engine technology, and edge of the vehicle. Introduce proper vehicle maintenance and stringent t inspection. Establish air quality monitoring stations.

26 THANK YOU