WP 9: Climate conscious housing typologies. Kosta Mathéy Christoph Hesse. Dirk Schwede. Michael Waibel. Vancouver

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1 Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi Minh Integrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework Adaptation to Global Climate Change Level of research: houses KKost in response to climatic change Kosta Mathéy Christoph Hesse Dirk Schwede Michael Waibel Vancouver WP 9: Climate conscious housing typologies Project AF1 / Meeting AF2 Forum AF 2 HCMC

2 Megacity Research Project TP. Ho Chi Minh Integrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework Adaptation to Global Climate Change cooperation partners Ong&Ong, Mr. Lai The Duy, HCMC Vietnam Architecture Director The University of Architecture of Ho Chi Minh City Dean MA. Arch. Tran Thi Thu Hang, Dr. Ha and other researchers energydesign, Shanghai China Energy consultant and designers TNS Market Research Company WP 9 energy- and climate efficient housing typologies HCMC

3 PAR time frame 2013 conclusion & final report 2012 protoype design /detailing 2011 handbook & prototype design 2010 quantitative development of solutions April 2009 qualitative development of solutions & examples Jan 2009 analysis of housing typologies Oct 2008 theorectical framework Sept 2008 kick-off meeting buildings responding to climatic change in HCMC

4 Contents: I. Flooding Problem: Temporary flooding (of appr. 1m) Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Fillings 1.1 New building [LT] 1.2 Existing building [LT] 1.3 Lifting the street level [LT] 1.4 Half/half situation [LT] 2. Sealing-off 2.1 Hydraulic elements [HT] 2.2 Plug-In elements [LT] 2.3 Swinging elements [MT] 3. Lifting 3.1 Float [LT] 3.2 Hydraulic car lift [HT] 4. Spatial solutions 4.1 Door in door [MT] 4.2 Open ground leve [LT] 4.3 Storage space above water level [LT] 4.4 Getaway (Parking deck) [MT/HT] Urban flooding in Ho Chi Minh City PAR / TU Darmstadt

5 II. Shading Problem: extreme heating-up of buildings caused by strong irradiation of sun Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Shading of facade 1.1 Balcony [LT] 1.2 Overhang of roof [LT] 1.3 Loggia (two levels high) [LT] 1.4 Loggia (one level) [LT] 1.5 Overhang of levels [LT] 2. Plants / Green for facade 2.1 Trees in front of building [LT] 2.2 Plants in front of facade [MT] 2.3 Behind facade [LT] 2.4 In facade [LT] 3. Shading of roof 3.1 Plants in pots [LT] 3.2 Green roof [MT] 3.3 Sun panels [LT] 3.4 Double roof [LT] 3.5 Reflecting materials [LT] 3.6 Sun-blocking boards [LT] 4. Materials for sun protection 4.1 Intelligent materials [HT] 4.2 Natural materials [LT] 4.3 Panels, Bamboo [LT] 4.4 Lamellas, Bamboo [LT] 4.4 Sliding elements (Layering) [LT] PAR / TU Darmstadt

6 III. Ventilation Problem: high temperature and air humidity Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Cross ventilation (horizontal and vertical) [LT] 2. Wind tower [LT] 3. Chimney system [MT] 4. Shaft turbine [LT] 5. Several Mini shafts [LT] 6. Windtower with water cooling system [MT] 7. Higher ceilings [LT] 8. Ceiling fan [LT] 9. Ceiling fan operated by wind [LT] 10. Intermediate ceiling with outlets for cross ventilation [MT] 11. Cross ventilation with plant buffer [LT] 12. Cross ventilation with small floorand ceiling outlets [LT] 13. Ventilation of building structure [MT] 14. Cooling brise [LT] 15. Cooling of floor LT] 16. Cooling of ceiling LT] 17. Spatial configuration of rooms and walls inside [LT] 18. Terrestrial cooling (air from outside) [LT] 19. Terrestrial cooling (air from inside) [LT] 20. Terrestrial cooling, solar chimney [LT/MT] 21. Kybernetic air flow system [MT/HT] 22. Convection drying system with solartermic fluid sorption [HT] PAR / TU Darmstadt

7 IV. Energy Problem: current energy supply is not sufficient and ecological friendly Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Solar Energy 1.1 PV-panels on roof and facade [HT] 1.2 Solar heater [MT/HT] 2. Heat pump [HT] 3. Wind turbines on roof [MT/HT] 4. Biogas 4.1 Mini biogas plant (one household) [MT] 4.2 Biogas plant (neighbourhood) [HT] V. Construction and Material Problem: Low standart in building construction and materials, Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Douple shell wall construction [LT] 2. Insulated roof [LT] 3. Shell materials and layers 3.1 Insulation-concrete [MT] 3.2 Thermal insulation composite system TICS (compact) [MT] 3.3 Reflecting TICS with air shaft [MT] 3.4 Post-and-beam construction with insulation + glass paneles [MT] 3.5 Double shell concrete wall with insulation inside [LT/MT] 3.6 Vacuum insulation panels [MT/HT] 4. Prefabricated facade elements 4.1 Evacuated cell panels [HT] 4.2 Elements that react to temperature [HT] 5. Translucent PV panels on facade [HT] PAR / TU Darmstadt

8 VI. Water Problem: unsufficient fresh water, storm- and waste water management Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Green roof water reservoir [MT] 2. Cistern in the undeground [MT/HT] 3. Cistern as source to cool air on the ground floor [LT] 4. Cistern as source to cool air several floors and facade [LT] 5. Water basins in the courtyard [LT] 6. Cooling floors and ceiling through pipe system with cold air [MT] 7. Cooling facade with trickling water [MT] 8. Adiabate cooling of roof [LT/MT] 9. Cooling with moisture [LT] 10. Harvesting and recycling water [MT] 10.1 Surface water (Open Pond) [LT] 10.2 Closed underground cistern [MT] 10.3 Ground water recharging [MT] 11. Waste water recycling root zone treatment (Plant Bed) [MT] VII. Fresh Air / Waste / Urban Agriculture Problem: unsufficient quality of air, little on site waste management and urban agriculture production, Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1. Oxygen production with green roof [MT] 2. Waste decomposition on site [LT] 3. Food production with green roof [LT/MT] PAR / TU Darmstadt

9 VIII. Light Problem: too much light at the facade, but unsufficient lightning in the center of the buildings Possible Reactions/Solutions: 1.1 Directing light with holografic-optical elements (one shaft) [MT/HT] 1.2 Directing light with holografic-optical elements (several small shafts) [MT/HT] IX. Functions and room compositions 1. Shop/office + 2 Families with maisonette (vertical saperation) 2. Shop/office + 2 Families (cross over separation) 3. Shop/office + 1 Familie (splitlevel) 4. Shop/office + 6 Appartments 5. Shop/office + 1 Appartment + 3 Maisonettes PAR / TU Darmstadt

10 IG S development and expectations? MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC factor 10 factor 8 Vietnam 12 years = x4 Thailand 12 years = x2 Germany IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

11 export of solutions? Europe / Germany Vietnam

12 IG S considerations of sustainable design MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC improvement of energy efficiency increase of comfort prevention of building damages local market and buildability + economic feasibility + quality of life! IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

13 IG S holistic energydesign MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC location building envelope technology holistic energydesign IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

14 Installed capacity [ W/m 2 ] primary energy supply [ kwh/(m 2 a) ] IG S principles of energy-efficient design MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC CAPACITY ENERGY credit bigger than supply reduced investment net surplus net zero credit lower than supply improved building envelope energy credit energy saving load [ W/m 2 ] primary energy demand [ kwh/(m 2 a) ] Source: Hans, et. al. energieoptimiertes Bauen IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

15 IG S thermal comfort MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC ACH = / h no conditioning IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

16 IG S thermal comfort and outdoor conditions MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

17 IG S computational modeling MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

18 IG S V0 simulation results MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

19 IG S simulation results MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC single glazing U = 5.7W/m 2 K g = 86% total cooling kwh/m 2 a V0 sun protection glazing U = 1.3W/m 2 K g = 33% total cooling kwh/m 2 a V1 IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede

20 IG S conclusion and future work MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT HCMC IGS Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik TU Braunschweig Dr. Dirk A Schwede