SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

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1 SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION Master program: Environmental Management Professor Maria Gavrilescu 12 Department of Environmental Engineering and Management

2 Ecologia Industriala: o abordare Sistemică a Dezvoltării Durabile Ce este Ecologia Industrială (Industrial Ecology)? o abordare multidisciplinară a sistemelor reprezentate de fluxuri de materiale şi de energie între procese industriale şi de mediu

3 Fluxurile de materiale liniare sau deschise: Cradle to Grave Se presupune că materialele se deplasează într-o singură direcţie, în sensul că intră într-un sistem economic ca intrări şi părăsindu-l ca deşeuri sau reziduuri

4 Revizuirea modelului de bilanţ al materialelor Modelul specific al bilanţului de materiale - poziţionează materialele într-un flux circular pentru a arăta legăturile dintre procesul de luare a deciziilor de ordin economic şi mediul natural Reziduuri în mediu cantitatea din un poluant rămasă în mediu, după ce a avut loc un proces natural sau tehnologic

5 Figure 21.1 Revisiting the Materials Balance Model: Implications for Sustainable Development

6 Conventional Linear Perspective of Materials Flow

7 Cyclical or Closed Materials Flow: Cradle to Cradle Cyclical flow of materials assumes that materials run in a circular pattern in a closed system, allowing residuals to be returned to the production process

8 Moving Toward a Closed System of Materials Flow

9 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Examines the environmental impact of a product or process by evaluating all its stages from raw materials extraction to disposal Four Key components Goal Definition and Scoping Inventory Analysis Impact Analysis Interpretation ISO standards voluntary international standards for environmental management

10 Industrial Ecosystems a closed system of manufacturing whereby the wastes of one process are reused as inputs in another

11 Pollution Prevention a long-term strategy aimed at reducing the amount or toxicity of residuals released to nature

12 Comparing Pollution Prevention to Industrial Ecology P2 promotes risk reduction through minimizing or eliminating wastes while Industrial ecology argues in favor of using wastes as inputs in other production processes P2 solutions are aimed at the single firm while industrial ecology is aimed at a network of businesses P2 proposals considers efficiency a tool while industrial ecology views efficiency as an end itself

13 Objectives and Techniques in Pollution Prevention Source reduction preventive strategies to reduce the quantity of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant released to the environment at the point of generation Toxic chemical use substitution the use of less harmful chemicals in place of more hazardous substances Raw materials substitution the use of productive inputs that generate little or no hazardous waste

14 Changes in manufacturing processes the use of alternative production methods to generate less hazardous by-products Product substitution the selection of environmentally safe commodities in place of potentially polluting products

15 Corporate Experience with Pollution Prevention 3M Corporation launched Pollution Prevention Pays Program in 1975 McDonald s and Environmental Defense collaboration developed Waste Reduction Action Plan (WRAP) completed in 1991

16 Using Economic Analysis To Implement Pollution Prevention Cost-Effectiveness Criterion Efficiency Criterion

17 Strategic Initiatives and Programs Extended Product Responsibility (EPR) a commitment by all participants in the product cycle to reduce any life-cycle environmental impacts of products More extensive approach than extended producer responsibility All players in a product cycle are expected to participate

18 Strategic Initiatives and Programs Design for the Environment (DfE) an initiative that promotes the use of environmental considerations along with cost and performance in product design and development

19 Strategic Initiatives and Programs Green Chemistry Program an initiative that promotes the development and application of innovative chemical technologies to achieve pollution prevention

20 Strategic Initiatives and Programs Disseminating Information and Technology on a Global Scale Technology Transfer the advancement and application of technologies and strategies on a global scale Environmental Literacy awareness of the risks of pollution and natural resource depletion