0 8. S E R V I C E S

Transcription

1 08. SERVICES

2 Perth Airport has an extensive network of power, water, sewerage, gas and communications infrastructure which sustains the aviation and commercial development within its estate. 08

3 08. SERVICES 8.1 Introduction The safe, effective and efficient operation of Perth Airport and the activities on the Perth Airport estate depend on having reliable access to services including power, water, drainage and telecommunications. Perth Airport plays a central role in ensuring these services are both available in sufficient quantities and reliable. Perth Airport has a Services Strategy to achieve these outcomes. Perth Airport operates its own internal power supply infrastructure, water supply and waste water networks, integrating with the State s systems at the airport estate boundary. Perth Airport also controls stormwater drainage running through the airport estate. Gas and telecommunications are provided throughout the airport estate by external suppliers. The power supply network also includes emergency power backup to ensure that the airport can continue to operate if the power supply is interrupted. 8.2 Stormwater Drainage Stormwater management is required to minimise risks including personal harm, environmental harm, physical damage to infrastructure, and reduction or cancellation of aviation and non-aviation operations. Perth Airport is responsible for the provision of stormwater infrastructure, both piped and open channel, through the airport estate. This infrastructure and capacity will be developed to meet the inflows and peak stormwater storage requirements from upstream sources as at 1997 and also provide relevant peak stormwater storage for all new development and infill within the airport estate since Subject to the suitable management of inflows to 1997 flows into the estate, Perth Airport will control outflows out of the estate and into external infrastructure, water courses and ultimately into the Swan River to the same flow peak rates as per Having control of stormwater allows Perth Airport to manage associated safety and environmental outcomes, while also managing potential impacts on aviation and non-aviation activities Existing System The airport estate sits within two stormwater catchments that drain to the Swan River. The airport is located as close as 500 metres to the Swan River; however, the source of the two catchments is seven kilometres away in the Perth Hills to the east. As a result, a significant amount of stormwater run-off from the suburbs, in the hills and to the east of the airport estate, flows through the airport estate en route to the Swan River. The existing drainage system within the airport estate consists of: two major open channels draining flows from the hills, and two smaller, mostly piped, catchments within the airport estate. Most of the airport estate drains into the two major channels, via open channels for the majority of the system. The drains and channels intersect the groundwater table, maintaining maximum groundwater levels across most of the airport estate for the majority of the year. The water catchment boundaries are shown in Figure Northern Main Drain The Northern Main Drain (NMD) is an open unlined channel for most of its length through the airport estate. It drains three open channels that cross the eastern boundary between Worrell Avenue in the suburb of High Wycombe and Grogan Road on the airport estate. The majority of the flow occurs in a channel that runs parallel to Grogan Road and then turns north, prior to reaching Airport Central. It runs in a northerly direction until just beyond the end of the cross runway (06/24) where it turns west, and eventually exits the airport estate at the boundary with the Great Eastern Highway Bypass. From there it drains to the Swan River. The NMD drains the majority of Airport Central, the majority of the cross runway (06/24), just under half of the main runway (03L/21R), a small portion of the Airport West Precinct and all of Airport North that is south of Kalamunda Road. 226

4 08 SWAN RIVER FAULTLEROY AVENUE CATCHMENT NORTHERN MAIN DRAIN CATCHMENT SOUTHERN MAIN DRAIN CATCHMENT Figure 8.1 Perth Airport estate water catchment boundaries Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 227

5 08. SERVICES The two smaller open channels in this catchment that enter the airport estate discharge directly into Munday Swamp. During times of high flow, the larger channel reaches capacity and overflows into the southern end of Munday Swamp. When Munday Swamp reaches capacity it overflows at its north end and drains into the nearby NMD. The NMD is also known as Limestone Creek when downstream of the airport estate s eastern boundary, and Poison Gully Creek when upstream. Perth Airport administers the drain within the airport estate, the Water Corporation administers it upstream, and the City of Swan administers it downstream outside the airport estate Southern Main Drain The Southern Main Drain (SMD) is an open unlined channel for most of its length through the airport estate. It enters the airport estate on the eastern boundary, just north of Dubs Close, then traverses west across the southern part of the airport estate to Tonkin Highway. It then runs north within the airport estate, following Dunreath Drive, to the airport boundary at Brearley Avenue. Here it exits the airport estate into a reserve that drains into the Swan River. Within the airport estate the drain runs through several culverts, with the main one being a 1200 millimetres diameter pipe located under the main runway (03L/21R) near its southern end. The SMD drains the developments within Airport South, just over half of the main runway (03L/21R), the majority of the Airport West Precinct, some areas of Tonkin Highway and small areas of the neighbouring suburbs of Redcliffe and Cloverdale. The SMD is known as Crumpet Creek when upstream of the airport estate. Perth Airport administers the drain within the airport estate and the Water Corporation administer it upstream and downstream outside of the airport estate Fauntleroy Avenue Catchment The Fauntleroy Avenue Catchment is a small catchment within the airport estate. It is an underground piped network for the majority of its length, starting in the vicinity of T3 and T4, before exiting the airport estate at the intersection of Fauntleroy Avenue and Redcliffe Road. From there, it drains to the Swan River. This catchment drains T3, T4, the nearby car parks and part of the General Aviation Area, all of which are in the Airport West Precinct. The pipeline between the airport estate and the Swan River is maintained by Perth Airport North East Catchment The North East Catchment is a small catchment with its upper reach located mostly within the airport estate. It is an underground piped network for a large part of its length within the airport estate. The catchment drains the part of Airport North, which is north of Kalamunda Road. This area is an industrial area, with some flows entering the airport estate from an adjacent residential neighbourhood. The downstream airport estate boundary is the Great Eastern Highway Bypass. From the precinct discharge point, the stormwater drains north into the Helena River which in turn drains into the Swan River. Perth Airport administers the catchment within the airport estate, the Shire of Kalamunda administers a small section upstream, and the City of Swan administers a small section upstream and also the downstream section outside of the airport estate. A drainage strategy has been developed for this catchment. 228

6 Drainage System Considerations The development of the drainage system within the airport estate takes into consideration: external system capacity (upstream and downstream), internal system capacity, modifications required for development, the main runway (03L/21R) and the new runway (03R/21L), taxiways and the terminals above the 100-year flood level, major access roads, aprons and short-term car parking on the airport estate above the 50-year flood level, suitable service levels for other infrastructure and land development based on industry standards, managing environmental impact from airport and commercial development operations, and maintaining water quality consistent with regional standards External System Capacity Prior to Perth Airport becoming a Federally leased airport in 1997, the Water Corporation administered the Northern and Southern Main Drains. As part of this management, land within the airport estate was used for the detention of stormwater due to stormwater infrastructure limitations downstream of the airport. Perth Airport now administers this legacy of detaining those stormwater volumes generated upstream. Construction of the new runway (03R/21L), together with the development plans on the airport estate, will result in other uses for some of the land that has historically been used for stormwater detention purposes. It is therefore essential that upstream authorities continue to increase detention volumes to provide suitable storage for all stormwater volume increases generated by off-airport developments since for a reasonable proportion of run-off generated on the airport site to be disposed of in the main drains. Perth Airport will continue to work with the Water Corporation, the State Department of Water, the Swan River Trust and surrounding Local governments to achieve the required outcomes through increased upstream compensation and/or downstream outfall capacity to reduce the amount of compensation required on the airport estate Internal System Capacity Northern Main Drain (NMD) The NMD has a number of limitations which contribute to the potential for localised flooding in peak flow events, including: limited open channel capacity based on size, gradient of the drain being as flat as 1 in 3,300, various culverts along the drain have insufficient capacity for the larger flows, the drain downstream of the airport has several culverts and bends, and maintenance of the drain downstream of the airport is not under Perth Airport control. Southern Main Drain (SMD) The SMD has a number of limitations which contribute to the potential for localised flooding in peak flow events, including: limited open-channel capacity based on size, gradient of the drain being as flat as 1 in 2,500, 1200 millimetres diameter pipes under the main runway (03L/21R) and Horrie Miller Drive have insufficient capacity for the larger flows, the drain downstream of the airport has several culverts and bends, and maintenance of the drain downstream of the airport is not under Perth Airport control. Alternatively, approval would need to be obtained to increase outfall capacity to match inflow from upstream catchments as a minimum, and ideally allow 229

7 08. SERVICES Modifications Required for Development Northern Main Drain (NMD) The alignment of the NMD conflicts with the airport development plans, noting that the current drain alignment passes through land required for: the new runway (03R/21L), extensions of terminals in Airport Central, extension of the cross runway (06/24), and development of Airport North. Southern Main Drain (SMD) The alignment of the SMD conflicts with the airport development plans as the current drain alignment passes through land required for: the new runway (03R/21L), and development of the Airport South and Airport West Precincts. The Gateway WA project works will realign part of the drain along Tonkin Highway Drainage System Development Plan Modifications to the Northern and Southern Main Drains will be required to enable the developments outlined in this Master Plan 2014 to proceed. Previous work by the Water Corporation assumed that, in addition to the run-off generated on site, Perth Airport would accommodate a substantial amount of stormwater on the airport estate as part of the historical legacy outlined in Section To assess future stormwater infrastructure needs, based on proposed developments and land uses, a master drainage strategy has been completed which identifies possible infrastructure works including: various options for flood mitigation on and off the airport estate, the need for detention basins, realigning parts of the Northern and Southern Main Drains, advantages of constructing a Living Stream as part of the realignment works for the SMD, and use of localised levees to protect existing developments and infrastructure. The extra run-off created by Perth Airport s ongoing expansion needs to be mitigated; the option of upgrading infrastructure downstream of the airport estate relies on the co-operation and timeliness of other parties. To maintain control of the mitigation works, initial system upgrades are likely to be undertaken on the airport estate, however discussions with State and Local government authorities will continue to achieve the best overall outcome Northern Main Drain Modifications to the route and the configuration of the NMD will be required to allow Perth Airport s ongoing expansion. Flows from upstream are currently detained to some extent by Munday Swamp. Additional storage is potentially available in Airport North. The new runway (03R/21L) is planned to be operational by the end of the decade, subject to actual demand during the period. This project includes the construction of the runway, runway end safety areas, associated taxiways, drainage infrastructure and associated aviation safety equipment such as the High Intensity Approach Lighting (HIAL). It is expected that these developments will have some impact on Munday Swamp and the NMD will need to be modified. Any proposed changes will include an assessment under the relevant Commonwealth and State legislation of the potential environmental and Aboriginal heritage implications Southern Main Drain Modifications to the route and the configuration of the SMD will be required to allow Perth Airport s ongoing expansion. In the interim, modifications to increase storage along the drain will help decrease the risk of flooding. The SMD will need to be modified as development of aviation infrastructure, including the proposed new runway (03R/21L) and extended aprons proceeds. Any proposed changes will include an assessment of potential environmental implications. 230

8 Fauntleroy Avenue Catchment As relocation of commercial air services to Airport Central continues, land uses in Airport West will change and complimentary upgrades to the drainage system will be progressively undertaken North East Catchment Development within the North East Catchment will be undertaken in line with the existing drainage strategy for Airport North Environmental Considerations Drainage corridors throughout the airport estate provide a valuable function in flood control and also provide opportunities for biodiversity management and protection whilst providing an improved level of ambience for visitors and employees of the airport estate Wetlands There are several wetland areas within the airport estate, including Munday Swamp. As previously indicated, this swamp is part of the current hydrological regime at the airport. For the majority of the time, the other wetland areas only obtain surface water from their own localised catchments. However, in times of high flow they may receive water from the Northern or Southern Main Drains to varying degrees Pollution Control Pollution control is an integral part of any drainage system. All developments at Perth Airport must satisfy the requirements of the Airports (Environment Protection) Regulations The greatest potential source of pollution related to airport operations has been identified as oil and fuel spills during aircraft servicing and refuelling. Hydrocarbons from these areas are intercepted prior to reaching the main drains or the Fauntleroy Avenue catchment outlet. Hydrocarbon interceptors are specified on all new apron construction projects that provide bays for aircraft refuelling operations. All recently constructed aprons include these measures. Regular monitoring and maintenance is undertaken to ensure operational efficiency is continued. Pollution control is also required to be implemented directly by tenants. This may be in the form of ensuring appropriate spill kits are available, or the installation of water-quality protection infrastructure and procedures. These requirements are administered through tenant Operational Environmental Management Plans (OEMPs) and tenant audits. The airport drainage design endeavours to minimise adverse impacts on the wetlands on the airport estate as a result of changes to the hydrological regime, and also potential contamination from stormwater. Any drainage design resulting from works associated with the new runway (03R/21L) affecting Munday Swamp will consider the importance of the swamp to the Noongar people and include close consultation with these stakeholders. An assessment, under the relevant Commonwealth and State legislation, of the potential environmental and Aboriginal heritage implications will be undertaken. 231

9 08. SERVICES Water Quality Management of water quality is a requirement of Perth Airport under the Airports (Environment Protection) Regulations Management measures will continue to be implemented to mitigate any impact on water run-off and quality as a result of development on the airport estate. Water quality at Perth Airport is monitored on a quarterly basis via sampling of a large groundwater monitoring bore network and surface water monitoring locations. Results are compared to Airports (Environment Protection) Regulations 1997 criteria and a monitoring report is provided to the DoIRD. Tenants also undertake and report water quality through monitoring and this is reported to Perth Airport as part of tenants Annual Environment Report (AER). Further information on Perth Airport s water quality monitoring program is provided in Section 9. The existing main drains were designed and constructed for conveyance of stormwater with limited improvements in water quality. The realignment of the main drains may provide the opportunity to introduce water quality improvement measures Hydrogeology Groundwater beneath the airport estate sits at a shallow depth (surface to four metres below ground level) as an unconfined water table within the highly permeable sands of the Bassendean Dunes and as a semi-confined aquifer in the Guildford Formation. The general direction of the groundwater flows is north-west towards the Swan River. In winter months, various areas of the airport estate become inundated or water logged. 8.3 Water Supply The Water Corporation provides potable water to Perth Airport. The majority of the airport estate is fed via a ring main, except for the land that is north of Kalamunda Road in Airport North. The ring main has three connections to the Water Corporation network. This provides redundancy to the network for upgrade works, maintenance and unplanned events. The other land in Airport North has two connections to the Water Corporation network. These multiple connections also provide redundancy for the area Water Supply Development Strategy A water supply development strategy is being developed. The strategy will identify and characterise future demand and consider water supply options including mains, groundwater and wastewater reuse. The strategy will include a 30-year upgrade works program guided by project demands which are based on growth in passenger numbers, proposed land developments and asset end-of-life replacement. Perth Airport will continue to work with the Water Corporation to provide potable water to the airport estate. The works required to fulfil the preliminary development strategy will involve the creation of a series of ring mains within the airport estate to improve the continuity of supply and water pressure. As the groundwater within the airport estate is relatively close to the surface in most areas, the soil conditions vary and seasonal changes are generally experienced. Therefore site specific assessment of groundwater conditions is required when proposed developments are likely to be impacted by groundwater. 232

10 08 EXISTING WATER MAINS Figure 8.2 Existing water supply network Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 233

11 08. SERVICES 8.4 Sewerage System The Perth Airport sewerage system consists of a mixed network of gravity and pumping mains. These eventually discharge into the Water Corporation network at four locations around the airport estate. The land that is north of Kalamunda Road in Airport North drains to the Water Corporation network via a gravity main, while the other three discharge points use pumping infrastructure. The land in Airport North that is south of Kalamunda Road currently has minimal development. These developments currently pump their sewage to the Airport West Precinct Sewerage System Development Strategy A sewerage system development strategy is being developed. The strategy will include a 30-year upgrade works program based on projected demand, which is guided by passenger numbers, proposed land developments and asset end-of-life replacement. Perth Airport will continue to work with the Water Corporation on capacities and quality of sewage being discharged from the airport estate. The Airport West Precinct has a sewerage system with a single discharge point, however the Water Corporation has placed a maximum limit on that outflow. Based on the information provided in the sewerage system development strategy, options for managing this limitation, as the precinct is developed, are currently being investigated. The Airport Central Precinct has a pumping station that discharges to Perth Airport sewerage infrastructure in Airport South. Upgrading of infrastructure has begun to increase Airport Central capacity. The Airport South Precinct has two separate sewerage networks: the industrial area to the south of the SMD (stormwater) discharges to the south, and the rest of the precinct discharges to the east. There are also various Perth Airport lease holders that have private pumping mains discharging into the airport s system. Some lease holders in Airport North maintain their own onsite sewerage treatment systems as they do not have the ability to connect to the main network. 234

12 08 Main Sewerage Pump Station (MSPS) To Water Corporation Sewer outfall Domestic AWDU Helicopter Area Sewerage Transfer (HAST) International AWDU International Area Sewerage Transfer (IAST) Hudswell Sewerage Transfer Station Eastern Area Sewerage Transfer (EAST) Water Corporation Sewer Outfall Dubbs Pump Station Fawcett Sewage Transfer Station To Water Corporation Sewer outfall GRAVITY MAINS PUMPING MAINS Figure 8.3 Existing sewerage system Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 235

13 08. SERVICES 8.5 Power Supply To provide electricity to the airport estate, Perth Airport is connected to the State s South West Interconnected System (SWIS). The land in Airport North that is north of Kalamunda Road is supplied as part of Western Power s distribution network. The balance of the airport estate is supplied by two Western Power connections. From these connections, electricity is distributed throughout the airport estate via Perth Airport infrastructure. Western Power s Belmont Zone substation to the west supplies power to the Airport West Precinct. The other connection into the airport estate is from Western Power s Forrestfield Zone substation which supplies power into Perth Airport s Munday substation. A co-generation power plant has been constructed on site by Perth Airport to meet the power needs of T2 and part of T1. Recent works to the electrical distribution network have provided increased capacity and redundancy to the Perth Airport system. A ring main around the airport estate provides redundancy to all precincts. The recently constructed co-generation power plant, adjacent to T2, also provides a level of redundancy and back-up power to the terminals within Airport Central. The rest of the airport estate has a system of standalone generators to provide emergency power in the event of total loss of mains supply Power Supply Development Strategy A new electrical power supply development strategy has been completed. The strategy includes an upgraded works program out to 2044 based on projected passenger growth, proposed land developments and asset end-of-life replacement. Perth Airport will continue to work with Western Power to provide electrical power capacity and redundancy to the airport estate. CO-GENERATION POWER PLANT AT AIRPORT CENTRAL 236

14 08 FEEDER SUBSTATION NETWORK SWITCH AIRPORT WEST RING MAIN 1 AIRPORT WEST RING MAIN 2 AIRPORT CENTRAL RING MAIN 1 AIRPORT CENTRAL RING MAIN 2 AIRPORT CENTRAL RING MAIN 3 & EASTERN FEEDER AIRPORT SOUTH & EASTERN FEEDER AIRPORT SOUTH RING MAIN 1 AIRPORT SOUTH RING MAIN 2 Figure 8.4 Existing power supply network Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 237

15 08. SERVICES 8.6 Irrigation Perth Airport uses groundwater to irrigate landscaped areas and as a water supply for firefighting and construction. Perth Airport recognises that groundwater supplies in the area are limited and therefore seeks to rationalise their use. Perth Airport also seeks to minimise scheme water use by extending the range of tasks for which groundwater is suitable. The water supply development strategy will identify future irrigation demands and, on the basis of groundwater monitoring data and resource assessments, define future use of groundwater. The extent of groundwater use will be restricted to sustainable levels, while opportunities for groundwater recharge will be investigated. 8.7 Gas Supply Gas supply to the airport is currently provided by Synergy. The existing gas system includes gas reticulation mains along Horrie Miller Drive, Brearley and Fauntleroy avenues. Currently there is a gas main running along the western side of Horrie Miller Drive which services Airport Central and surrounding development. This line is reticulated from a gas main running adjacent to Tonkin Highway at the southern end of the airport, which is close to capacity. There are two high-pressure gas transmission lines that run through the airport estate, these are known as the: Parmelia Pipeline, and Dampier to Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline Gas Supply Development Strategy In the longer term, additional natural gas capacity will be required on the airport estate as the planned consolidation of commercial air services proceeds. Further demand for natural gas will also occur as more commercial developments occur, or additional on-site power generation is installed. To service this projected demand an additional gas main will be required. Discussions will be conducted with the relevant providers to ensure that this additional service is correctly sized and delivered within required timeframes to support the airport development plans. 8.8 Communications Reliable communication systems are necessary to ensure safe and efficient aircraft navigation and airport operations. Communications infrastructure within the airside boundary are primarily the responsibility of Perth Airport, although a number of airside communication cables for control of navigational aids and associated communications are owned by Airservices. Telecommunications are provided throughout the airport estate by third parties. Perth Airport has an extensive network of communications systems consisting of air-to-ground and point-to-point radio communications utilising: High Frequency (HF) transmitter and receiver stations, satellites, microwave links, and land-line communications via underground cables Communication Development Strategy Communications systems will be upgraded as required to maintain or increase capacity and effectiveness. 238

16 Sustainability The water supply, wastewater and power supply strategies have all been developed on a business as usual basis. The airport is, however developing an enhanced sustainability strategy. This will include measures for Perth Airport to become more sustainable in the use of all major services. This will also have the benefit of limiting the impact that airport developments have on demand for service infrastructure outside the airport estate. Measures may include increased on site power generation, including options from more sustainable sources and increased fit for purpose water use including the collection and reuse of stormwater. Opportunities for shared resources, such as the T2 co-generation plant (power, hot and cold water), will also be explored. Construction of new terminals and terminal expansions will give opportunities to include water and energy saving fixtures and fittings, while design features can be used to reduce service demand. 239

17 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY

18 Building on a proven record of environmental management, we are moving towards a sustainable future through integrated planning, adoption of new technologies, and innovative solutions 09

19 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.1 Introduction Perth Airport s approach to environmental management is outlined in the Environmental Management Framework (EMF), which also incorporates measures to meet the airport s obligations under Commonwealth and State legislation. Similarly, Aboriginal heritage and engagement is addressed by Perth Airport s Aboriginal Heritage and Engagement Policy and framework, currently under development. The Environment Strategy builds on Perth Airport s EMF. Perth Airport continually reviews its environmental processes, seeking to minimise impacts to airport operations. This Environment Strategy replaces the Perth Airport Environment Strategy It is the first Environment Strategy to be incorporated into the Master Plan, as is now required under the Airports Act 1996 (the Act), and details Perth Airport s areas of environmental focus in a five-year action plan. It includes assessment of, and strategies for, the management of identified issues over the 20-year planning period Responsibilities Environmental management is the responsibility of Perth Airport, airline operators, business partners, tenants, contractors and consultants. Perth Airport s tenants and companies conducting activities on the Perth Airport estate must take all reasonable and practicable measures to prevent pollution and must comply with relevant legislation and the relevant parts of the Environment Strategy. In accordance with Perth Airport s EMF, tenants and companies conducting activities on the airport estate are required to develop an Operational Environment Management Plan (OEMP) demonstrating how they will comply with the Airports (Environmental Protection) Regulations 1997 (AEP Regulations). The OEMP must be developed to the satisfaction of Perth Airport and be consistent with the Perth Airport Environment Management Plan (EMP) guidelines. Tenants operating under an OEMP are required to provide an annual environment report to Perth Airport. Tenants identified as posing minimal risk to the environment may be exempted by Perth Airport from the requirement to develop an EMP. However, this does not exempt them from compliance with Perth Airport policies and procedures. In accordance with Perth Airport s EMF, where construction activities have environmental risks, a Construction Environment Management Plan (CEMP) must be developed and implemented by the contractor or consultant, to the satisfaction of Perth Airport, and be consistent with Perth Airport s EMP guidelines. This requirement applies equally to construction activities undertaken by Perth Airport or third parties. 242

20 Training To promote effective environmental management, all Perth Airport employees must be aware of their environmental roles and responsibilities, including conformance with policies and procedures. Training and communication processes and systems have been established and an induction program for new employees has been created to ensure employees meet this requirement. Perth Airport environmental staff will have appropriate industry recognised qualifications, training and or experience. 9.2 Environmental Management Framework Perth Airport has adopted a risk-based approach to environmental management and implements this through the EMF, incorporating an Environmental Management System (EMS), as well as other relevant Perth Airport strategic policy and planning documents. The EMF is presented in Figure 9.1, describing the various external and internal interfaces and considerations. Key components of the EMF include: Environment Policy, Sustainability Strategy, Environmental Management System, and Continuous Improvement Environment Policy The Environment Policy outlines the company s intentions, commitments and principles in relation to environmental management of the airport estate. The Environment Policy commits Perth Airport to key requirements of the Act and AEP Regulations including continuous improvement, monitoring of environmental values on the airport, pollution prevention and providing an Annual Environment Report to the Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. The Environment Policy is reviewed annually by Perth Airport to ensure that it is current with industry standards and appropriate for the activities undertaken at the Airport. The current Environment Policy is available at perthairport.com.au Sustainability Strategy Perth Airport has had a sustainability strategy in place since Perth Airport s strategy considers people, infrastructure, finance, community and the environment, resulting in an integrated approach to sustainability and strengthening the commercial sustainability of the business. Built Form Perth Airport reviews guidance from industry bodies and adopts appropriate measures to achieve sustainability in the built form for developments across the airport estate. Infrastructure A component of Perth Airport s proposed development and expansion includes extensive infrastructure projects, such as the new runway (03R/21L). Perth Airport will consider guidance provided by the Infrastructure Sustainability Council of Australia (ISCA). ISCA is the peak industry body for advancing sustainability and innovation in Australia s infrastructure projects, and incorporates practical sustainability initiatives into planning, procurement, delivery and operation of infrastructure projects across a variety of industries. 243

21 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Legislation and Regulation Perth Airport Environmental Management System (EMS) Perth Airport Influences and Systems Strategic Planning Master Plan and Environment Strategy Legislation and other requirements Regulatory Authority Operational Planning Implementation Monitoring Reporting Continuous Improvement Loop Environment Policy Sustainability Strategy Risk Management Framework Review Business Management Framework Figure 9.1 Environmental Management Framework Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 244

22 Environmental Management System (EMS) The EMS describes how Perth Airport plans, implements, monitors, reports and reviews environmental management across all aspects of the airport estate and operations. Through this process, Perth Airport is able to identify environmental risks, opportunities and constraints. The EMS, consistent with the relevant Australian and International standards, incorporates five key management processes: Strategic Planning Perth Airport s overall objectives and approach to environment and sustainability are defined in the Environment Policy, Partnership Agreement, Environment Strategy and Sustainability Strategy. Operational Planning A number of operational planning tools are used including business plans, development approvals, risk assessments and training processes. environmental monitoring, flora and fauna, surface and ground water, contaminated sites and noise, producing the Perth Airport Annual Environment Report (AER) for submission to DoIRD, ensuring that tenants that have OEMPs in place submit an Annual Environment Report to Perth Airport within 30 days of the end of the financial year, emissions reporting (National Pollution Inventory), incident reporting and investigation (including all spills) collation and reporting of spills and incidents to the Airport Environment Officer (AEO), coordinating monthly AEO meetings, and managing the Environmental Site Register (ESR). Review Operations are reviewed annually through the Business Improvement Plan process, where annual performance of the EMS is assessed and improvement opportunities identified. Implementation Implementation of plans is achieved through systems and procedures defined in documents such as the Construction and Operational Environment Management Plans, Aerodrome Manual, Standard Work Procedures and Action Plans. Monitoring and Reporting A wide range of monitoring and reporting processes are in place to satisfy Commonwealth and State regulatory requirements, and to measure the extent to which Perth Airport s environment objectives are being met. Processes include: auditing Tenant and Perth Airport Construction Environment Management Plans and Tenant Operational Environment Management Plans (OEMP) are enforced to ensure Perth Airport s environmental plans and objectives are maintained for all works on the airport estate, Continuous Improvement In accordance with international standards, Perth Airport s EMS follows Plan-Do-Check-Act management model. The Check component of the model is achieved through conducting regular audits, monitoring, incident investigations, risk reviews and management reviews of the EMS system. Through these processes, opportunities for improvement are identified and acted upon via system changes, updates and revisions. This process ensures regular and systematic continuous improvement of environmental management at Perth Airport. 245

23 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.3 Environmentally Significant Areas The Act requires that the Environment Strategy identifies, in consultation with Commonwealth and State conservation bodies, areas (if any) within the airport estate, as environmentally significant. Neither the Act nor the associated AEP Regulations contain a definition or description of what is considered environmentally significant nor a methodology for determining significance. The airport estate has not been identified as significant by the Commonwealth Heritage List (a list of natural, Indigenous and historic heritage places owned or controlled by the Commonwealth Government). Perth Airport recognises that the airport estate supports environmental values that are listed under Commonwealth and State legislation. These values are described further in this Section. Impacts proposed to listed values require consideration under applicable Commonwealth and State legislation. Defining areas as environmentally significant under the Act does not therefore afford listed natural values an increased level of protection. For example potential impacts to environmental values listed under the EPBC Act will require consideration under the EPBC Act and assessment under the Airports Act 1996, if the impact is defined as significant. Perth Airport has not identified any areas within the airport estate as environmentally significant consistent with the requirements of the Act. Perth Airport will undertake further comprehensive analysis of each precinct as defined in Section 3, taking into account: aviation-related protection zones and restrictions, environmental value, Aboriginal heritage, drainage and flooding impact, environmental offset (either onsite or offsite) costs, and potential development costs. This assessment will then determine the suitability and capacity, or otherwise, of land to be developed for either aviation or non-aviation uses. An assessment will be made to determine the viability of developing the land and, where development is proposed, the environmental impact will be assessed. In accordance with the EPBC Act Environmental Offsets Policy (2012), Perth Airport will consider avoidance, minimisation, and mitigation measures prior to considering offset measures. The application of the Commonwealth policy will provide an equivalent environmental outcome. In each instance Perth Airport will engage with relevant regulatory authorities to determine an appropriate offset arrangement. Notwithstanding the assessment that there are no environmentally significant areas, according to the Act, Perth Airport recognises the need and importance of assessing areas of high environmental value against Commonwealth and State legislation, for example the EPBC Act. This assessment and identification is detailed in Section 9.7. Development of previously referred to Precinct 2A and 2B (now forming part of the Airport South Precinct) was approved in 2006 by the then Minister for the Environment and Heritage under the Particular Manner decision EPBC 2006/3021. The approval required the establishment of the Infrastructure Only Conservation Zone (IOCZ), now located in Airport Central. The Gateway WA project has impacted the IOCZ, and while impacts have been fully offset by the Gateway WA project, the IOCZ no longer provides an ecological corridor or large scale conservation zone as originally planned for in Perth Airport will review the function of the IOCZ in the context of the Particular Manner decision and will refer under relevant Commonwealth legislation if development is planned in the IOCZ. 246

24 Environmental Factors Perth Airport has determined the following environmental factors as being potentially impacted by airport development and operations: soil, groundwater and surface water, biodiversity (flora, fauna, wetlands, and the cumulative outcomes for biodiversity), resource use (energy, water, and waste), air quality, ground-based noise, hazardous materials and spill response, and Aboriginal heritage and engagement. Each factor is addressed in this section using the following structure: Overarching objective The key objective/s to be achieved during the five year strategy period. Overview Outline of the factor, and the relevant current environmental context at Perth Airport. Current management Description of the existing environmental management approach. Recent achievements Specific achievements related to the Environment Strategy , as well as independent environmental initiatives and achievements. Potential impacts Activities and circumstances arising from development and operations at Perth Airport that have the potential to impact environmental factors. Initiatives A program of actions that will be implemented in the context of the current management framework to achieve the overarching objective/s for each factor. The Five Year Environment Strategy Implementation Plan, is included in Section

25 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.5 Soil Management Objectives Prevent contamination of soil within the Perth Airport estate. Manage and investigate known or potentially contaminated sites in accordance with relevant legislation Overview The Perth Airport estate is located on the Bassendean Dunes and Guildford Formations of the Swan Coastal Plain. The sand of the Bassendean Dunes extends to a depth of approximately five metres and is underlain by clays and clayey sands of the Guildford Formation. The nature of the landform and geology of the airport estate has the potential to impact the immediate and surrounding environment if appropriate management is not in place. Any surface contamination event has the potential to permeate rapidly and potentially impact groundwater. The majority of the soil on the airport estate is free from contamination; however there have been isolated instances of contamination as a result of landfill, aviation, fuel storage and industrial activities. A number of these sites require active management to ensure impacts are minimised. As a result of the proximity of the groundwater table to the surface and resultant presence of wetlands, acid sulfate soils is an inherent risk on the airport estate. Construction activities that have the potential to disturb acid sulfate soils material include: excavations to groundwater depth, disturbance of peaty materials, and removal of groundwater (dewatering). Subsequently, the management of soils on the airport estate requires consideration of a number of aspects including soil type, soil quality, surface water and groundwater Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , a range of commitments were achieved including: implementation of, and adherence to, a clean fill material procedure to track the importation, export and relocation of fill material on the airport estate, inclusion of erosion and land degradation impacts in CEMPs and OEMPs, where applicable, maintenance and updating of the contaminated sites register on the Perth Airport Geographic Information System (GIS), and continued collaboration with, and provision of advice to, tenants on management actions for identified contaminated sites Current Management As part of Perth Airport s design and approval process, prior to construction, Perth Airport undertakes a preliminary assessment of all projects to determine the potential for environmental impact. If additional investigations are required to determine soil quality (for example, contamination assessment or acid sulfate soil investigations), these are required to be undertaken prior to works commencing. Based on this information, soil management measures are determined and management plans are developed to reduce the risk of degradation to soil values on the airport estate Acid Sulfate Soils Disturbance to acid sulfate soil material can cause acidification of the environment and mobilisation of heavy metals. The risk of contamination is considered minimal until activities are proposed that disturb acid sulfate soil materials. Prior to any ground-disturbing works being undertaken, Perth Airport uses the acid sulfate soil risk map, produced in association with Bulletin 64 by the Western Australian Planning Commission (WAPC) as a tool on the GIS to assess whether acid sulfate soil is a risk in any proposed work area. WAPC mapping indicates that the airport 248

26 09 estate predominately poses a moderate to low risk of acid sulfate soils occurring in the soils beneath the airport estate; however, small areas of high to moderate risk are located in low-lying wetlands and dune swales. Where the risk of acid sulfate soil disturbance is likely, an acid sulfate soil investigation will be conducted and, where applicable, Acid Sulfate Soil Management Plans implemented Contaminated Sites Measures are put in place to prevent contamination of soil. Measures can include the implementation of Standard Work Procedures (SWPs), CEMPs, OEMPs, and the control of fill relocation and import on the airport estate. Detailed information on specific sites, management responses and progress is provided in Perth Airport s AER. To ensure compliance with the AEP Regulations, Perth Airport: maintains an Environment Site Register, collaborates with the DoIRD, the Airport Environment Officer (AEO) and tenants in investigation, management and remediation of known contaminated sites, and monitors and reports annually on all known sites of soil contamination. Site environmental management is addressed in sub-leases between Perth Airport and tenants. Site operations must be undertaken in accordance with the sub-lease, the AEP Regulations and the Environment Strategy. Monitoring data and trends are presented annually in Perth Airport s AER Potential Impacts Development Construction activities that may create disturbance include: clearing of vegetation, earthmoving and excavations, and the importation and relocation of fill material. These construction activities also have the potential to: impact known or unknown contaminated sites, disturb acid sulfate soils, and/or introduce dieback (Phytophthora) Potential Impacts Operations Operational activities on the airport estate, including those of non-aviation tenants, have the potential to impact soil and cause contamination through the use, storage and spillage of chemicals and fuels, or through inappropriate waste or contaminated soil disposal. Spillage and contamination risks include: underground storage tanks, refuelling and bulk fuel-handling stores, manufacturing, distribution and industrial activities conducted by tenants, and sewerage leaks and spills Five Year Action Program Initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Soil Management include: # INITIATIVE 1 Preliminary site investigations for greenfield sites prior to development and, if required, baseline soil assessments. 2 Formal procedures developed for soil assessments for end of sub-lease closure. 3 Development of a program for regular monitoring and integrity assessment for all Perth Airport and tenant underground fuel storage tanks, in accordance with the Dangerous Goods Safety Act Management by Airservices of areas impacted by the historic use of Aqueous Film Forming Foams by Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting Services (ARFFS). 5 Revision of fill procedures to minimise the risk of Phytophthora dieback spread. Table 9.1 Soil management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 249

27 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.6 Groundwater and Surface Water Management Objectives Seek to manage operations and development so that groundwater levels are maintained and groundwater quality on the Perth Airport estate is protected. Maintain, protect and improve the environmental value of surface water and surface water features across the Perth Airport estate Overview The airport estate is located on the Swan Coastal Plain, is relatively flat and is near the base of the Darling Scarp, extending to within 500 metres of the Swan River. Groundwater beneath the airport estate sits at a shallow depth (surface to four metres below ground level) as an unconfined water table within the highly permeable sands of the Bassendean Dunes and as a semi-confined aquifer in the Guildford Formation. Groundwater flows in a north-westerly direction across the airport estate. Surface water features are interspersed across the airport estate in the form of wetlands (seasonal, permanent and constructed), the Southern Main Drain (SMD) and the Northern Main Drain (NMD) (Figure 8.1). The main drains flow generally in an east to west direction, discharging into the Swan River, and have been constructed as extensions and modifications to naturally occurring water bodies. The surface water features on the airport estate relate directly to, or interface with, the shallow groundwater. The main drains and the wider arterial drain network intersect the groundwater table at various locations, partially draining the site, limiting maximum groundwater levels. This provides surface flow in the main drains throughout the majority of the year. Wetlands present on the airport estate are also partially or wholly a surface expression of the groundwater table. Constructed wetlands are discussed in this Section and naturally occurring wetlands of identified environmental value are discussed in Section 9.7. Historically, through the presence of the SMD and NMD, and through its topographical and geological features, the airport estate has acted to moderate the local catchment, retaining water on site during times of high rainfall and flood. This has resulted in a positive impact on water quality as it flows from east to west through the airport estate, before discharging into the Swan River. Catchment conditions impact the quality of water entering the airport estate. Typically, water entering the airport estate has elevated levels of nutrients and metals, and broadly reflects regional water quality. This is a consequence of current and past upstream land uses and management practices in adjacent areas. These upstream catchment conditions have a direct impact on the quality of groundwater and surface water conditions encountered at the airport estate Groundwater Historic land uses, the quality of surrounding catchments which flow onto the airport estate and naturally occurring conditions are reflected in long-term groundwater monitoring results. As a result, concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals regularly exceed the acceptance criteria detailed in the AEP Regulations. Nutrient concentrations tend to represent historic land uses such as agriculture, industrial and residential, while metal concentrations are indicative of the conditions on the Swan Coastal Plain. 250

28 09 There are isolated instances of groundwater contamination primarily associated with areas of soil contamination. Modelling and monitoring indicates the majority of contamination plumes are restricted to areas directly under or adjacent to the original source, and represent limited risk to the environment on the basis of appropriate management. Monitoring indicates that superficial groundwater levels on the airport estate have not declined over the last 10 years, despite a continued decline in rainfall during this period. Superficial groundwater levels appear to be maintained by inter-aquifer relationships, whereby deeper aquifers are partially recharging the superficial aquifer Surface Water Water quality within the drains, at the point where they first flow into the airport estate, frequently exceeds the acceptance criteria detailed in the AEP Regulations for a variety of chemical pollutants. In addition, developments outside the airport estate, within the upstream catchments, have increased the rate of runoff, increasing the volume of water flowing through the airport estate. Historically, undeveloped land on the airport estate has been used as storage to compensate these increased flows. The water quality entering the airport estate in the NMD and SMD reflects the land uses of the upstream catchment, which includes: the Forrestfield railway marshalling yards, former and current agricultural and horticultural uses, and commercial, industrial and residential developments. Much of the upstream catchment remains unsewered, and the historic and ongoing use of septic tanks and other on-site wastewater treatments is considered to be a major contributor to the level of nutrients recorded. The SMD receives surface flow from Crumpet Creek, which flows through the Forrestfield Rail Marshalling Yards and a number of residential suburbs. The NMD receives surface flow from the overflow of Munday Swamp and Poison Gully. Munday Swamp is also fed by the High Wycombe Branch Drain and Macao Road Branch Drain. These convey water from the northern end of the Forrestfield Rail Marshalling Yards and residential areas in the Shire of Kalamunda. Water flows from built infrastructure (such as roads, car parks, tarmac areas and roofing) within the airport estate are directed into the drainage system. This consists primarily of open drains for conveyance, and is formalised in developed areas through piping and associated water quality management mechanisms. Extensive monitoring since 1998, has demonstrated that onsite activities do not generally degrade the existing regional surface water quality. This may be attributed to the availability of land that has acted to detain water, allowing natural processes to improve water quality. As the airport estate continues to be developed, land will not be available for this purpose Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , a range of commitments were achieved including: a review of the water quality monitoring program, implementation of a program to meter groundwater use, assessment of climate change vulnerability of water dependant ecosystems, and engagement with State and Local government on catchment management Current Management Perth Airport currently manages water through a range of integrated approaches detailed below. 251

29 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY Monitoring Monitoring is undertaken and reported in accordance with the AEP Regulations. Perth Airport has implemented a comprehensive water monitoring program since 1998, which provides data on surface and groundwater levels and water quality. Figure 9.2 identifies the groundwater and surface monitoring sites. Monitoring is typically undertaken quarterly. Water quality monitoring results are compared to the acceptance criteria outlined in Schedule 2 of the AEP Regulations. Results are also compared to the National Environment Protection Measures (NEPM, Contaminated Sites 2013) and the Swan River Trust Action Plan, to determine water quality and the extent of any potential contamination Project assessment and management plans Perth Airport s project assessment and management plans for construction and ongoing operations reduce the risk of degradation to water values on the airport estate. Examples of these, but are not limited to, include: Project Delivery System Environmental Screening Checklist all projects are assessed to determine the potential for environmental impact. CEMPs developments with moderate to high risk of adverse impacts to environmental and/or heritage values are required to be supported by a CEMP. Perth Airport reviews all CEMPs prior to works being permitted to commence. OEMPs tenants and contractors are required to develop an OEMP to demonstrate how environmental risks and potential impacts will be managed. The OEMP must contain a risk assessment identifying risks and management measures, including pollution control systems and monitoring programs. The OEMP is reviewed by Perth Airport and external auditing is undertaken to monitor compliance Perth Airport Estate and Catchment Management Perth Airport has developed a Master Drainage Strategy which: identifies the surface water management requirements up to and including the full development scenario of Perth Airport, considers the external influences on water volumes likely to be received from an increasingly developed upstream catchment, noting Perth Airport will only provide storage for pre-1997 upstream developments, informs Perth Airport s decision making with regard to flood management and water conveyance equivalent to pre-1997 rates, and facilitates land use planning and design decisions for drainage infrastructure on the airport estate. Environmental values will be considered when planning water management initiatives. Water quality is managed at the development scale and also at the estate scale. At the estate scale, Perth Airport has developed the concept for the Living Stream project focusing on water quality and water storage capacity improvements on the SMD. The project recognises the potential for improving the water quality of the SMD and ensuring the development and operations of the airport estate do not negatively impact the water quality of the SMD. The Living Stream project will commence construction in Perth Airport engages with State and Local governments on catchment management matters. When a typical water quality results are detected on the airport estate boundary, relevant catchment authorities are notified Potential Impacts Development The potential for development to impact groundwater and surface water on the airport estate includes: Abstraction Demand for groundwater resources will increase with the commencement of development works, and from maintenance and upkeep of resulting 252

30 09 developed areas (for example reticulation of grassed areas around new developments). Should groundwater levels change, acid sulfate soil has the potential to be exposed to air, which may mobilise heavy metals and acid contaminants into the groundwater beneath the airport estate. Changes to groundwater levels may impact groundwater-reliant ecology. Infiltration Increased development will have an impact on groundwater infiltration, which may increase groundwater levels on the airport estate. Drainage management changes have the potential to alter infiltration patterns and groundwater mobilisation. Removal of vegetation may impact infiltration levels through the reduction in transpiration. Quality Construction and operation of developments may adversely impact quality through contamination or mobilisation of suspended solids Potential Impacts Offsite water migration Long-term monitoring has shown that nutrient levels in ground and surface water from upstream sources entering the airport estate are higher than levels in water exiting on the airport estate. Currently, undeveloped land on the airport estate is being used to improve water quality. As the availability of land for this function decreases, the potential exists for higher nutrient loads in ground and surface water to migrate offsite and impact the Swan River Potential Impacts Operations Activities on the airport estate (including the operations of tenants) have the potential to impact groundwater and surface water and this risk will increase as the airport expands. Potential sources of impact are: unsustainable use of groundwater, discharges of hazardous materials and fuels, substance spills (including fuels, oils and other hazardous substances), infiltration of materials (used in airport operations) through the soil and into groundwater. This could also include materials being washed into drains and onto unsealed soil and grassed areas, as well as leachable materials being stored on unsealed areas, increase in tenants on the airport estate leading to increased risk and frequency of spills, and poorly maintained drainage management infrastructure such as interceptor pits and gross pollutant traps Five Year Action Program Initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Groundwater and Surface Water Management include: # INITIATIVE 1 Formalise engagement with State and surrounding Local governments to develop catchment management principles and objectives that provide a whole of catchment approach to water quality and water quantity management. 2 Conduct a review of surface water and drainage management against the State Department of Water s Better Urban Water Management and Water Sensitive Urban Design principles. 3 Investigate opportunities to improve the environmental performance of car parks with regard to pollution and drainage management. 4 Develop and adopt agreed concentrations for contaminants in ground and surface water that initiate investigative actions. 5 Initiate biannual macro-invertebrate sampling in standing water bodies. 6 Develop a formal interceptor pit management regime. 7 Undertake a multi-criteria assessment of all open drains across the Perth Airport estate to determine opportunities to reduce the potential for bird strikes, while improving environmental outcomes, such as water quality and habitat corridors. Table 9.2 Water management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 253

31 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY WATER MONITORING LOCATIONS GROUND WATER MONITORING POINTS SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS DRAINAGE PIPED & OTHER DRAINAGE OPEN DRAINAGE DRAINAGE BAISINS BUILDINGS Figure 9.2 Groundwater and surface water monitoring sites Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 254

32 Biodiversity Objectives Maintain and protect listed environmental values onsite or, where agreed with regulatory authorities, provide offsite offsets for listed environmental values as appropriate Existing Environment The Perth Airport estate is situated on the Swan Coastal Plain at the base of the Darling Escarpment. The airport estate is dissected by drainage channels that are aligned and flow in a north-westerly direction, discharging into the Swan River, which at its closest point is 500 metres from the boundary of the airport estate. The surface geology and hydrology features of the airport estate are described in Section 8.2. The natural environment of the airport estate has been significantly disturbed by historic uses. However, areas of vegetation remain intact, albeit in variable condition as shown in Figure 9.3. Perth Airport is situated within the Drummond Botanical Subdistrict, which is located within the Swan Coastal Plain Subregion reflecting the variable geology of the site. Flora surveys have been undertaken periodically across the airport estate since Vegetation associations present on the airport estate include the Southern River Complex, Guildford Complex and Bassendean Complex (Figure 9.4). The Southern River Complex is the dominant vegetation complex represented on-site, comprising open woodlands of Marri- Jarrah-Banksia species in elevated areas, and fringing woodlands of Flooded Gum and Swamp Paperbark. A survey undertaken by Mattiske in 2008 indicated the presence of over 650 vascular plant taxa from 285 plant genera and 91 families. Two flora species, Conospermum undulatum and Macathuria keigheryi are listed under the EPBC Act as vulnerable and endangered respectively. These species are also listed as Declared Rare Flora (DRF) under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1951 (WC Act). Nine of the flora species are priority listed flora species under the WC Act. Priority flora lists are maintained by the State Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) to identify flora species which are considered to be potentially under threat or poorly understood. Priority flora are not afforded the same level of protection as DRF and are an ancillary factor in the determination of environmental significance. DRF management areas and priority listed species are shown in Figure 9.5. A total of eight vegetation community types have been mapped on the airport estate. Figure 9.6 shows the vegetation community types present on the airport estate, while Figure 9.3 shows corresponding vegetation condition. Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC) listed by the Commonwealth and the State are mapped by the State Government as being present on the airport estate, however verification of the data used for mapping is required in order to definitively determine the presence of vegetation communities. The mapped extent of TECs is shown in Figure 9.7. The mapped extent is larger than the actual size of the TEC. The mapping provided in Figure 9.7 is all that is available from the DPaW at present. The airport estate supports a diverse assemblage of vertebrate and invertebrate fauna. Numerous fauna surveys have recorded a total of 139 species of vertebrate fauna comprising three fish, eight frogs, 23 reptiles, 95 birds and 10 mammals (including five introduced species). Surveys of the airport estate invertebrate assemblage revealed the presence of 92 species, comprising 59 taxonomic families. 255

33 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY Five fauna species identified as occurring on the airport estate are Commonwealth or State listed environmental values. These include: Carnaby s Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) and the Forrest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksia naso). Black cockatoos are regular visitors to the airport estate and habitat (foraging) is widespread across the airport estate as indicated in Figure 9.8. The presence of Black Cockatoo habitat on the airport estate is considered incompatible with airport operations given the inherent risk to aviation operations posed by these large body-mass birds. Two migratory species of bird protected under the EPBC Act and International Migratory Bird Agreements are: Great Egret (Egrett aalba) (China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement [CAMBA]), and Rainbow bee-eater (Merops ornatus) (Japan- Australia Migratory Bird Agreement [JAMBA] and CAMBA). The Southern Brown Bandicoot, or Quenda (Isoodon obesulus fusciventer), is listed as a Priority 5 species under the WC Act. The Quenda is abundant on the airport estate. Additionally, potential habitat for the Western Swamp Tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) has been identified on the airport estate, although investigations have indicated that modification of the habitat is required to render the site suitable. Wetlands present on the airport estate vary from ephemeral to perennial, natural to artificial, and groundwater fed to surface water fed. State Government mapping indicates that wetlands of variable quality are present over the majority of the airport estate. Munday Swamp, the largest of all the wetlands present on the airport estate (approximately 20 hectares), is listed on the Commonwealth Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia. This wetland provides a permanent water source and, as such, supports an array of invertebrate and vertebrate fauna. Northern Wetlands to the west of Munday Swamp are classified as sumplands. These sumplands are seasonally inundated, and are also listed on the Commonwealth Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia. Other wetlands of note on the airport estate include Runway Swamp and the Kwenda Marlark Wetland to the south. Figure 9.9 highlights wetlands that occur on the airport estate. The land on which Perth Airport is situated forms part of the traditional network of communication routes, meeting places and camping sites of the Noongar people. To date, a number of archaeological and ethnographic sites have been identified on the airport estate Environmental Values The legislation and policies that defines the environmental values on the airport estate include: Commonwealth: Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Airports Act 1996 and Airports (Environment Protection) Regulations 1997, Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia. State: Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, Wetlands Conservation Policy for Western Australia 1997, Environmental Protection (Swan Coastal Plain Lakes) Policy 1992, Threatened Ecological Community Database, Planning and Development Act 2005 and State Planning Policy 2.8 Bushland Policy for the Perth Metropolitan Region, Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004, and Aboriginal Heritage Act Consultation with Commonwealth and State conservation bodies has been undertaken to confirm the boundaries of mapped values and methodologies for technical assessments. Further consultation on the methodology and outcomes will be undertaken with relevant conservation bodies. 256

34 09 The following listed environmental values have been identified on the Perth Airport estate. LISTED ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE COMMONWEALTH LISTING STATE LISTING LOCATION ON THE PERTH AIRPORT ESTATE (PRECINCT) Threatened Ecological Community Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain (FCT7) EPBC Act (critically endangered) EP Act (Clearing Regulations) State Threatened Ecological Community Database Airport North, Airfield Threatened Ecological Community FCT 20a Not listed but an application has been made (private) for it to be considered for listing. EP Act (Clearing Regulations) State Threatened Ecological Community Database Airport North Threatened Ecological Community FCT 20b EP Act (Clearing Regulations) State Threatened Ecological Community Database Airport North Declared Rare Flora Conospermum undulatum EPBC Act (vulnerable) WC Act (DRF) Airfield Declared Rare Flora Macarthuria keigheryi EPBC Act (endangered) WC Act (DRF) Airport South Black Cockatoo habitat EPBC Act (endangered and vulnerable) Airport West, Airport North, Airfield and Airport Central Environmental Protection Policies (EPP) Lakes EP Act Environment Protection Policy Airfield, Airport North and Airport Central Geomorphic Wetlands Conservation Category EP Act (Clearing Regulations) State Wetlands Policy Airfield, Airport North and Airport South Migratory birds EPBC Act Airfield, Airport North, Airport South and Airport Central Priority flora WC Act Airfield, Airport North and Airport South Geomorphic Wetlands Resource Enhancement State Wetlands Policy Airfield, Airport North and Airport South Western Swamp Tortoise habitat (potential following modification) EPBC Act (critically endangered species) WC Act (critically endangered species) Airport North Table 9.3 Listed environmental values on the Perth Airport estate Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 257

35 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY Current Management Perth Airport undertakes land management activities such as weed control, Dieback treatment, feral animal control and rehabilitation to manage the listed environmental values on the airport estate. Rehabilitation has been undertaken across the airport estate, including at the Kwenda Marlark wetland, which is an artificial wetland rehabilitated from a former sand quarry. Stormwater from the adjacent development area is directed to the wetland. Rehabilitation efforts over the past 10 years have included an annual planting program involving local schools. The wetland now supports a diverse ecology and achieves local stormwater management outcomes Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , a range of commitments were achieved including: resurveying of vegetation, including weed mapping, that provided an indication of the vegetation communities and condition present on the airport estate, completion of a fauna survey that defined the area and quality of black cockatoo habitat on the airport estate, continuation of research on the propagation potential of Conospermum undulatum, including trialling of propagation via cuttings and initiation of seedlings through the use of fire, monitoring the success of the Macarthuria keigheryi planting that was undertaken in the reporting period 2008/09, and implementing an improved seed collection program Potential Impacts Development Development of the airport estate may directly or indirectly impact listed environmental values. Direct impacts may include the clearing or removal of values. Indirect impacts may include habitat fragmentation, creation of unviable areas of habitat, alteration of hydrological regimes and increased edge effects (weed incursion, dieback). Wildlife corridors, vegetation connectivity and environmental values will be key considerations in detailed land use and precinct planning Potential Impacts Operation The operation of Perth Airport may impact on listed values through pollution events, and alteration of the hydrological regime through activities such as over abstraction. Threatening process such as weed incursion, dieback, bush fire, feral animals, illegal access, and fly tipping are an ongoing potential impact to natural areas on the airport estate Five Year Action Program Initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Biodiversity include: # INITIATIVE 1 Manage threatening processes to maintain environmental values and minimise bush fire risk. 2 Perth Airport will seek to maximise opportunities to align drainage management outcomes with vegetation retention. This will be achieved by directing overland flows into vegetated areas that would benefit from increased water availability (wetland areas). 3 Continue to deliver opportunities for environmental initiatives involving stakeholders such as school groups, community groups and airport staff using provenance seedlings. Table 9.4 Biodiversity management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 258

36 09 VEGETATION CONDITIONS PRISTINE EXCELLENT VERY GOOD GOOD DEGRADED OPEN WATER Figure 9.3 Vegetation condition plan from surveys conducted 2007 and 2012 Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 259

37 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY VEGETATION ASSOCIATION CLASS GUILDFORD COMPLEX SOUTHERN RIVER COMPLEX BASSENDEAN COMPLEX - CENTRAL AND SOUTH Figure 9.4 Vegetation complex/type plan Perth Airport Pty Ltd 260

38 09 AIRPORT DRFS AND PRIORITY SPECIES LOCATIONS CONOSPERMUM UNDULATUM (FEDERAL LISTED) CONOSTEPHIUM MINUS MACARTHURIA KEIGHERYI (FEDERAL LISTED) MACARTHURIA KEIGHERYI (GATEWAY WA) ORNDUFFIA SUBMERSA PLATYSACE RAMOSISSIMA STYLIDIUM STRIATUM VERTICORDIA LINDLEYI SUBSP. LINDLEYI Figure 9.5 Declared Rare Flora (DRF) management area Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 261

39 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY VEGETATION COMMUNITY TYPES C D C L D I F P L OW H 1 H1 (D) I 1 I1 (D) I 2 I2 (D) J 1 J1 (D) J2 (D) K 1 K1 (D) K 2 K2 (D) K 3 K3 (D) Figure 9.6 Vegetation community types from surveys conducted 2007 and 2012 Perth Airport Pty Ltd 262

40 09 SCP20a SCP07 SCP20b SCP20a SCP07 SCP07 SCP3b SCP3a SCP20c SCP3b SCP20a SCP20a SCP20a THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES CRITICALLY ENDANGERED ENDANGERED VULNERABLE SCP20a SCP20b SCP3a SCP3a SCP20a SCP20a SCP20a SCP20a SCP20a SCP20a SCP20a Figure 9.7 Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC) Perth Airport Pty Ltd 263

41 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY BLACK-COCKATOO HABITAT VALUE HIGH MEDIUM Figure 9.8 Black Cockatoo foraging habitat Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 264

42 09 NORTHERN WETLAND MUNDAY SWAMP RUNWAY SWAMP KWENDA MARLARK WETLAND CONSERVATION RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT MULTIPLE USE NOT ASSESSED NOT APPLICABLE Figure 9.9 Wetlands on the Perth Airport Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 265

43 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.8 Resource Use Energy Objectives Increase energy efficiency of non-aviation operations and groundbased aviation operations across the Perth Airport estate Overview In 2008, aviation leaders signed the Global Aviation Industry Commitment to Action on Climate Change, demonstrating the industry s commitment to reducing its impact on the environment. Aviation accounts for around 2 per cent of total global carbon dioxide emissions and this is expected to increase to 3 per cent by Direct aircraft emissions are difficult for Perth Airport to reduce because fuel and combustion are required for flight and are beyond Perth Airport s control. As a result, Perth Airport concentrates its energy reduction and efficiency efforts on indirect emissions associated with airport operations. Perth Airport s energy use is predominantly electrical and fuel based. Fuel is used to power Perth Airport s fleet of vehicles and electricity is used for lighting, heating and cooling of all buildings, including airport terminals. Electricity is used for activities such as: airfield lighting (runway, taxiway and aprons), car parks and street lighting, and it is also used by Perth Airport and tenants across the airport estate Transport and Fuel Fossil fuel combustion is the largest contributor to air pollution in the world. Pollution emitted from vehicles can include: particulate matter, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, benzene, methane, and greenhouse gases. In 2009, road transport accounted for 13 per cent of Australia s total greenhouse gas emissions. Trends and travel patterns in Perth indicate that vehicle travel is a preferred method of transport. As Perth Airport continues development of the airport estate, there is an opportunity to integrate other modes of transport, including public transport, walkable catchments and the future introduction of an Automated People Mover. As part of providing a balanced transport solution, Perth Airport is committed to working with the State and Local governments to develop sustainable transport options which work towards achieving network wide mode share targets Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , the commitments achieved included: resource use tracked and managed, energy audits were undertaken in 2010, including tenant energy audits of their premises, and resource use management plans developed, including a Water Efficiency Management Plan (WEMP), Irrigation Operation Strategy, Landscape Master Plan and Building Design Guidelines. 266

44 Current Management Perth Airport s response to energy use is implemented through plans, strategies and initiatives outlined below Building Management System Energy management in Perth Airport operated terminals is undertaken through the Building Management System (BMS). The BMS controls lighting, ventilation, heating and cooling, with the ability to sense and respond to changes in temperature. This system enables Perth Airport to continually identify and implement energy efficiency measures. The BMS is subject to consistent review and upgrades. During the Environment Strategy period, improvements to the BMS included: addition of data logging capability, introduction of high efficiency lighting, and ongoing improvements to electrical metering Green Star Building Design Green Star is a voluntary, national environmental rating system that evaluates the environmental design and construction of buildings throughout all stages of a project. It assigns points for initiatives against defined categories, including site selection, design, construction, operation and maintenance. Ratings are assigned as 4 Star (Best Practice), 5 Star (Australian Excellence) or 6 Star (World Leader). Perth Airport s Bravo commercial office building is currently being built on the airport estate and is targeting a five-star Green Star standard Terminal 2 Terminal 2 (T2) was designed in line with Perth Airport s sustainable development objectives and includes: rainwater harvesting for use in the toilets and urinals, vents installed in the forecourt garden beds that use the earth as a natural means of assisting to thermally regulate temperatures inside the terminal, natural light provided through the extensive use of glazing in the roof of the main hall and departures lounge, and Fixed Ground Power Units (FGPUs) on the apron which eliminates the need for parked aircraft to use their Auxiliary Power Units (APU), which burn jet fuel to power systems such as lighting, air-conditioning and batteries. The use of FGPUs also reduces local noise and fossil fuel emissions Co-generation Co-generation refers to the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heat and cooling from the combustion of fuel. In 2012, Perth Airport constructed its first co-generation power plant to supply the electricity requirements of T2 and parts of T1. The co-generation power plant uses natural gas as a fuel source to generate electricity, and heating and cooling of T2. The facility is powered by two 2MWe high efficiency gas engines, two absorption chillers and associated High Voltage switchgear. When operating at full capacity and efficiency, the plant is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 55 per cent due to energy savings and the use of gas. The co-generation power plant also reduces Perth Airport s reliance on electricity from the grid. Although the co-generation power plant represents an increase in Perth Airport s overall use of gas, the co-generation process is an efficient use of fuel in which waste thermal energy is put to use. The co-generation plant has been designed with capacity to meet the electricity and heating needs of the new areas being constructed at T1. These are expected to be operational in 2015, delivering further energy and emission-saving benefits. 267

45 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY Terminal 3 Energy efficiency initiatives implemented in Terminal 3 (T3) during 2012/13 include the installation of a more energy efficient chiller and energy efficient lighting. SkyCool thermal roof coating which is designed to reduce heat absorbed by roof surfaces, and in turn reduce reliance on electricity and air conditioners in temperature regulation was completed in Data Management Improvements to metering of electricity, gas and water networks have continued to be implemented across the airport estate, particularly within new developments such as T Potential Impacts - Development Construction activity is expected to increase the rate of energy by new development area, however this is expected to reduce once construction is completed. Energy efficiency measures have the potential to reduce operational costs. Investigating energyefficient measures, as well as reducing use and adopting energy savings initiatives, presents a cost-reduction opportunity for Perth Airport Potential Impacts - Climate Change Energy use and associated emissions have been identified as a major contributor to climate change. The airport estate is a large consumer of energy in Western Australia, and therefore Perth Airport has an obligation to seek to control greenhouse gas emissions Five Year Action Program Perth Airport is committed to increasing energy efficiency by: pursuing energy-efficient design of airport infrastructure, identifying and installing energy-saving technologies, investigating innovations in energy saving and, where applicable, supporting research in this field, anticipating the energy needs of major trade and travel partners, and benchmarking against global leaders. Initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Resource Use -Energy include: # INITIATIVE 1 Develop an Energy Efficiency Plan incorporating the following steps: auditing energy use across the Perth Airport estate, developing a program for accurate metering of energy use across the Perth Airport estate, setting targets for energy use dependent on activity or precinct, and identifying constraints and opportunities relevant to the achievement of increased energy efficiency measures. 2 Develop energy use targets for third party commercial developments and Perth Airport buildings (including terminals). 3 Investigate alternative energy opportunities at the Perth Airport estate, including: energy sources (solar, wind, and co-generation), vehicle fuel options, transportation modes, energy sources for ground based aircraft, airport infrastructure lighting, energy offsetting, and energy efficiency procurement policy. Table 9.5 Energy use management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 268

46 09 Terminal 2 (T2) was designed in line with Perth Airport s sustainable development objectives and includes the use of natural light and underground vents to reduce energy use and regulate temperature. 269

47 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.9 Resource Use Water Objectives Increase water efficiency of nonaviation operations and groundbased aviation operations across the Perth Airport estate Overview Perth, and the greater south of Western Australia, has been experiencing an extended dry period since Resulting water shortages have caused Western Australian water suppliers to launch initiatives and campaigns to reduce water use across the State. Water restrictions on Western Australian residents have also been introduced. Perth Airport (including its tenants and other users on the airport estate) is a large consumer of water in the metropolitan area. Perth Airport (and airport estate users) uses scheme water, groundwater abstraction and rainwater (only in T2, since its opening in 2013) in its operations. Since the beginning of the last Environment Strategy period, Perth Airport has used an average of 1,009,380.5 kl per year, 627, kl of this being scheme water and 381, kl being groundwater. Currently, rainwater usage is not metered Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , a range of commitments were achieved including: consideration of the impacts of resource use. The AER now incorporates management measures and tracks resource use, development of resource use management plans, including a WEMP, Irrigation Operation Strategy, Landscape Master Plan, and Building Design Guidelines, and implementation of a program to meter groundwater Current Management Perth Airport s water consumption is managed through plans, strategies and initiatives as outlined below Groundwater Metering Groundwater abstraction and use is monitored across the airport estate. The network of production bores is managed to ensure that groundwater abstraction is not concentrated in any particular area, avoiding heavy drawdown and spreading the abstraction load across the airport estate Water Efficiency Management Plan The State Government (through the Water Corporation) requires businesses using more than 20,000 kl of scheme water per annum to participate in a Waterwise Business Program, which includes the production of a WEMP. Perth Airport s WEMP improves water efficiency by: assessing current water use on site, identifying inefficiencies and potential water savings, and identifying opportunities where other sources of water could potentially be used to substitute current scheme water use. 270

48 Landscape Master Plan This plan incorporates water-wise principles such as the use of native water-wise plants in landscaping, as well as water saving measures such as restricting the installation of irrigation areas and reticulation design. Irrigation Operating Strategy This strategy commits Perth Airport to the Water Corporation sprinkler restrictions. Terminal 2 Water efficiency features of the new T2 include rainwater harvesting from the roof of the terminal and subsequent storage for use in toilets and urinals. Up to two mega litres of rainwater may be stored at any one time Potential Impacts Development Potential impacts to groundwater across the airport estate are predominantly associated with development and are described below. Developments at the airport are expected to increase consumption of scheme water. This increase will result from more users on the airport estate in the form of passengers, construction staff, airport staff, contract staff and tenants. The main impact of increased scheme water consumption is the increased costs to Perth Airport. Development at the airport has the potential to impact groundwater levels, through use and abstraction of groundwater, and dewatering activities. Changes to groundwater levels have the potential to impact on flora and fauna within the airport estate, through reduced access to water and/or inundation Five Year Action Program Initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Resource Use-Water include: # INITIATIVE 1 Develop a Water Efficiency Management Plan, incorporating the following steps: audit water consumption across the Perth Airport estate, develop a detailed program for metering of water consumption across the Perth Airport estate, set targets for water consumption, and identify constraints and opportunities relevant to the achievement of increased water efficiency measures. 2 Develop water efficiency targets for third party commercial developments and Perth Airport buildings (including terminals). 3 Identify opportunities for Perth Airport to sponsor school or community-based initiatives in the area of sustainability or water conservation. 4 Investigate water conservation programs adopted by other airports around the world. 5 Collaborate with the Water Corporation s Freshwater Thinking program. 6 Identify opportunities for Perth Airport to participate in research programs and initiatives run by the State Government related to water conservation. Table 9.6 Water use management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 271

49 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.10 Resource Use Waste Objectives Decrease waste generation, and increase efficiency in waste stream processing across the Perth Airport estate Overview The Perth Airport estate produces waste from everyday operations. A wide range of waste types is generated by various businesses on the airport estate. Perth Airport is responsible for waste generated from Perth Airport owned and operated buildings and from airport estate management. The majority of this waste ends up in landfill Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , commitments were achieved including: measuring the use of disposable resources on the airport estate, and reporting of resource use in the AER Current Management Perth Airport s management of waste is achieved through plans, strategies and initiatives including: Waste Audit During FY2010/11 an external waste audit and review of waste management systems was completed at the domestic and international terminals. Recovery rates of 53 per cent were achieved. The audit outcomes were used to update Perth Airport s waste management actions. Ambitious waste management targets have been set by the State Government in the Waste Strategy for Western Australia. Implementation of improved waste management at Perth Airport, to align with the State Government s strategy, will provide positive environmental outcomes. 272

50 Recycling Recycling is undertaken in airport terminals as well as in Perth Airport office buildings. Materials recycled include cardboard, paper, glass, aluminium and plastic drink containers. In addition to recycling of general waste, Perth Airport regularly reuses disused road construction materials. For example, during 2012/13 airside works recycled back into new pavement construction approximately 7,500m 3 of asphalt profilings and fine-crushed rock material Surveillance Bins on the airport estate are under surveillance to discourage unauthorised disposal of materials Potential Impacts Development Development and related activities have the potential to increase the amount of waste generated across the airport estate. The anticipated increase would be related to increased passenger numbers and aircraft movements, increased construction activities and the associated waste products due to these increases. Disposal of waste is a material cost in the operation of the airport. Reducing use and adopting waste reduction initiatives present a cost-reduction opportunity for Perth Airport Five Year Action Program Initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Resource Use Waste include: # INITIATIVE 1 Develop a Waste Management Plan incorporating the following steps: audit current waste streams and existing waste management contracts, develop a program for accurate measurement of waste generation, and waste streams across the Perth Airport estate, set targets for waste reduction and recycling, and identify constraints and opportunities relevant to the achievement of waste reduction measures. 2 Investigate technologies and behaviour change strategies to reduce paper use by Perth Airport. 3 Incorporate waste reduction and recycling into airport approvals in an effort to increase knowledge and awareness of waste reduction among tenants and contractors. 4 Investigate waste efficiency procurement policy (sourcing items and services from sources that incorporate active waste reduction and recycling policies). Table 9.7 Waste management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd Potential Impacts Climate Change Waste generation and disposal have indirect links to climate change such as increased methane and landfill by-products, and increased emissions from manufacturing. 273

51 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.11 Air Quality Management Objectives Manage non-aviation air emissions across the Perth Airport estate consistent with relevant legislative requirements Overview Air quality encompasses dust, particulates, odour and gaseous emissions. Aircraft emissions are not covered in this environmental strategy as it is governed by the Air Navigation (Aircraft Engine Emissions) Regulations 1995 and are the responsibility of the aircraft operators. However, Perth Airport will continue to work with Airservices and airlines to monitor and assess aircraft emission impacts. This will also form part of the assessment for the new runway (03R/21L) approvals. Air quality on the airport estate is assessed against the AEP Regulations. Perth Airport is required to report emissions from operational activities and energy use as part of the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI). Emissions calculated under the NPI are compared to the closest local monitoring station. This station is operated by the State Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) and is situated in Caversham, approximately 10 kilometres from Perth Airport. The Caversham station has been verified as a relevant and appropriate real-time monitoring location for Perth Airport by an independent air quality consultant. A number of National Environment Protection Measures (NEPMs), produced by the National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), are directly relevant to Perth Airport. Perth Airport s activities are currently below the reporting threshold for the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting System (NGERS). Additionally, State regulations and best practice guidelines are used as a tool to monitor and manage air emissions. Perth Airport recognises that the ground-based activities undertaken on the airport estate, including those of tenants, have the potential to impact air quality. Sources of emissions and air quality impacts from Perth Airport and tenant ground-based activities include dust generation, odour and point source emissions Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , a range of commitments were achieved including: monitoring airport estate and tenant air quality, reporting emissions to NPI annually, increasing management of dust generating activities through project CEMPs, publicly reporting air quality data, impacts and management, developing an inventory of emission sources, provision of Ground Power Units and preconditioned air in T2, and validating comparison of Caversham monitoring station data through consolidation of tenant air quality monitoring data. 274

52 Current Management Air emissions from non-aeronautical activities at Perth Airport are monitored through the AEP Regulations and other Commonwealth government mechanisms, such as Ministerial conditions to a Major Development Plan. Perth Airport undertakes a risk assessment of impacts to local air quality from all proposed developments. Prior to construction activities, the potential for dust, other air and environmental emissions is considered in the risk assessment process. Measures to minimise the potential for dust and contingencies are outlined in a CEMP and then implemented during construction activities. The airport estate contains industry types that have the potential to impact air quality. These industries are required to monitor air quality, with some having continuous monitoring in place to detect any potential exceedances that may need to be investigated and rectified. Tenant air quality monitoring data is also reviewed for compliance to the AEP Regulations and commitments within OEMPs and/or MDP conditions. If exceedances of the AEP Regulations occur as a result of tenant activities, Perth Airport will work with the tenants and DoIRD to ensure appropriate corrective actions are implemented Potential Impacts Development Air quality has the potential to be impacted by various stages of development on the airport estate. Increased use of construction equipment can affect the local air quality through direct emissions from machinery, as well as a potential increase in dust emissions from vegetation clearing and soil disturbance. Increase in vehicle movements on the airport estate will result in an increase of combustion emissions within the vicinity of the airport estate Potential Impacts Operations Airport estate operations have the potential to impact air quality as a result of tenant or Perth Airport activities. This may be through dust generation or odour emissions above levels associated with standard operations. Aircraft painting activities and fire-fighting training exercises also have the potential to affect local air quality through release of fumes and smoke. Storage and handling of fuels have the potential to impact air quality. There are also emissions to air from spillages of aviation fuel, which also have the potential to emit odour-causing vapours Five Year Action Program The initiative to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019, as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for air quality management is: # INITIATIVE 1 Ensure any significant new emission sources are assessed for compliance with legislative requirements and that best practice air quality controls are implemented. Table 9.8 Air quality management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 275

53 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.12 Ground-based Noise Management Objectives Manage and minimise noise levels associated with ground-based airport operations and development Overview Perth Airport recognises the importance of appropriate ground-based noise management. Aircraft noise during flight, including take-off and landing, is managed directly by the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development through the Air Navigation Act 1920 and Air Navigation (Aircraft Noise) Regulations 1984 and is outside the scope of this Environment Strategy. Perth Airport recognises that aircraft noise is an important issue for the community. Perth Airport works closely with Airservices, airlines, and Commonwealth, State and Local governments to manage the impacts of aircraft noise on the community. Aircraft noise management is addressed in Section 7. This Environment Strategy addresses ground-based noise impacts (that is, noise not generated by aircraft during flight, take-off and landing) which are managed at Federally leased airports through the Act and the AEP Regulations. The AEP Regulations include a general duty to prevent offensive noise. Where prevention is not practical, the duty to minimise the generation of offensive noise applies. Schedule 4 of the AEP Regulations provides Excessive Noise Guidelines which establish a set of indicators to determine if noise is excessive and provides guidance for consideration of sensitive and commercial receptors. Perth Airport consider State Environmental Protection (Noise) Regulations 1997 for development related projects that have the potential to impact sensitive receptors Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , commitments were achieved including: working with stakeholder groups to monitor aircraft and ground-based noise trends and occurrences, and the assessment of noise through the application of the State noise regulations on the construction and operational impacts of developments Current Management Noise arising from engine ground-running is managed through the Aircraft Engine Ground Running Management Plan. Constraints on conducting engine ground-running above idle are implemented by Perth Airport including time of day, power setting and location. Aircraft operators must seek approval from Perth Airport if a proposed engine run cannot be conducted in accordance with the defined constraints. CEMPs address noise pollution caused by construction activities and are a key control for noise exposure during development at Perth Airport. Operational activities of tenants which pose a risk of emitting offensive noise are required to incorporate noise minimisation strategies in OEMPs. Where considered necessary, noise modelling is undertaken to assess potential noise impacts. Monitoring of ground-based noise is not conducted routinely by Perth Airport however monitoring may be conducted in association with commitments made through OEMPs, CEMPs and Major Development Plans. 276

54 Potential Impacts The following impacts have been identified, including risks and influences, relevant to ground-based noise during the period of this Environment Strategy. Aviation and non-aviation operations Sources of ground based noise that may be experienced include: ground-based aviation noise: aircraft ground-running, maintenance on engines, including ground testing, movement of passengers and goods on/off aircraft, aircraft refuelling and operational activities, and operation of aircraft auxiliary power units. ground-based non-aviation noise: road traffic, construction and demolition activities, and tenant plant and operational activities Five Year Action Program The initiative to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019, as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for air quality management is: # INITIATIVE 1 Examine noise complaints to determine patterns in effect on surrounding communities from groundbased noise. 2 Investigate ways to reduce the impacts of aircraft ground noise on surrounding communities. Table 9.9 Ground-based noise management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 277

55 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.13 Hazardous Materials and Spill Response Objectives Implement best practice environmental controls for the prevention and management of spills and release of hazardous materials Overview Perth Airport estate operations require the storage, handling and use of various hazardous materials and chemicals. The most significant hazardous material used on the airport estate is aviation fuel. There are two main fuel distribution depots on the airport estate: the Joint Oil Supply Facility (JOSF), located in the Airport West Precinct (in proximity to T3 and T4 and the General Aviation Areas), and the Joint User Hydrant Installation (JUHI), which is located in Airport Central (in proximity T1 and T2). Other activities involving the use of hazardous materials include: maintenance facilities operated by airport tenants, material used for fire-fighting, construction and related activities, and the storage and use of fuels and oils (other than aviation fuel), solvents, paints, pesticides and herbicides. Asbestos has also been identified on the airport estate, and an asbestos register is maintained to manage the risk of exposure and guide remedial activities. Incorrect use, handling, or transport of hazardous materials and chemicals can impact the environment and human health. Regulatory tools, such as Part 139 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998, the AEP Regulations, Dangerous Goods Safety Act 2004 (DG Act) and other requirements, are in place to assist with the management of hazardous materials and other chemicals Recent Achievements Over the period of the previous Environment Strategy a range of commitments were achieved including: spill response training provided to Airport Operations Safety Officers, Standard Operating Procedures and Standard Work Procedures reviewed for assessment, management and clean-up of spills, a specialised contractor engaged to respond to and clean up large spills, and a requirement for all tenants to provide Dangerous Goods licences to Perth Airport Current Management Management measures currently in place for hazardous material use, storage and transport on the airport estate are described below Development Prior to the approval of development activities on the airport estate, assessments are undertaken on the historical use of the area to determine if hazardous materials have the potential to remain on the site. This assessment is then used to ensure appropriate management of the site during development activities which may include remediation or ongoing monitoring. A site asbestos register is maintained by Perth Airport for the management of asbestos within buildings. During construction activities, measures are put in place to ensure asbestos contaminated soil is handled, managed and disposed of appropriately, in accordance with regulations and best practice guidance. 278

56 Operations Responsibility for prevention of spills on the airport estate during fuel transportation (pipes) and refuelling of aircraft lies with the refuelling companies and the airlines. In the event of a spill, Perth Airport implements spill management procedures. Management of spills on tenant premises are the responsibility of tenants, however Perth Airport provides advice and assistance to tenants, and ensures appropriate management and remedial action is undertaken Potential Impacts Spills of hazardous materials have the potential to impact adversely on the environment if not captured and managed appropriately. They can impact the receiving environment via: soil, surface and groundwater, vegetation and flora, fauna, and human health Five Year Action Program The initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Hazardous Materials and Spill Response include: # INITIATIVE 1 Audit hazardous material transport, storage and disposal practices across the Perth Airport estate. 2 Further investigate best practice spill clean-up and containment practices to ensure Perth Airport is using the most effective methods. Table 9.10 Hazardous materials and spill response management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd 279

57 09. ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY 9.14 Aboriginal Heritage and Engagement Objectives Proactively engage with members of the Aboriginal community to promote cultural awareness within Perth Airport estate and users of Perth Airport. In consultation with members of the Aboriginal community, identify and implement initiatives that promote Aboriginal culture and reconciliation. Manage listed Aboriginal sites in a culturally sensitive manner and in accordance with relevant legislation Overview The land on which Perth Airport is located forms part of the traditional network of communication routes, meeting places and camping sites of the Noongar people. As the Traditional Custodians of the land, the Noongar people maintain a strong interest in the airport land and its management. A number of archaeological and ethnographic sites have been identified on the airport estate and are registered on the State Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA) Register of Aboriginal Sites. The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (AH Act) protects places and objects that may be of importance and significance to people of Aboriginal descent in Western Australia. All Aboriginal heritage sites that meet section 5 of the AH Act on the airport estate are protected whether or not they are included in the Register of Aboriginal Sites. The strong connection between members of the Aboriginal community and the land on which Perth Airport is situated is recognised in a Partnership Agreement reached in 2009 between Perth Airport, Traditional Custodians of the land and other members of the Aboriginal community. The Agreement was made in a spirit of cooperation and commitment to fostering cultural heritage, as the development of Perth Airport proceeds. Signatories to the Agreement meet regularly to discuss airport planning, cultural awareness activities, sponsorship opportunities and cultural history Recent Achievements Over the period of the Environment Strategy , a range of commitments were achieved including: consulting with the Traditional Custodians of the land quarterly to enhance recognition of Aboriginal heritage values at Perth Airport, celebrating National Aboriginal Islander Day Observance Committee (NAIDOC) week annually with various events and activities, implementing a schedule of events throughout the year to encourage cultural awareness and employment opportunities, and flying the Aboriginal flag at Perth Airport since 2008, to acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of the land Governance Changes to State legislation, policy and approaches to managing Aboriginal heritage, such as the Noongar Recognition Bill 2014 and the Noongar Native Title Settlement have the potential to both positively and/or negatively impact how Perth Airport is required to, or is able to, engage with members of the Aboriginal community on matters of Aboriginal heritage. 280

58 Potential Impacts Development Developments on the Perth Airport estate have the potential to impact Aboriginal heritage and engagement such as: an increase in ground disturbing activity that may either directly or indirectly impact on known and unknown sites, altering natural values with the removal of wetlands and vegetation that may impact the Aboriginal community s strong connection to country, and as outlined in Section 3.2.1, the new runway (03R/21L) will have some minor impact to Munday Swamp. In addition to consultation with the Noongar people and key stakeholders regarding the potential impacts, Perth Airport will prioritise the rehabilitation of the riparian zone of Munday Swamp Five Year Action Program The initiatives to be undertaken between 2014 and 2019 as part of Perth Airport s Five Year Action Program for Aboriginal Heritage and Engagement include: # INITIATIVE 1 Update Perth Airport s Aboriginal heritage and engagement policy framework. 2 Implement outcomes of the Aboriginal Oral History project. 3 Formalise cultural awareness training for key Perth Airport personnel. 4 Develop an Aboriginal employment and training program (with Perth Airport or with partners) and/or develop an alternative means of providing employment opportunities for the local Aboriginal community. 5 Investigate options to archive and house artefacts recovered from sites on the Perth Airport estate and advance arrangements for return of artefacts from Western Australia museum for display within designated terminal. Table 9.11 Aboriginal heritage and engagement management actions Source: Perth Airport Pty Ltd Painting by Sheila Humphries Rainbow Serpent and the Swan River 281