Water Malaysia 2015 Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre

Transcription

1 MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA CURRENT CHALLENGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN LIGHT OF NEW EMERGING ISSUES Water Malaysia 2015 Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre Dr Gary William Theseira Deputy Undersecretary (Environment Management and Climate Change)

2 Outline Background (National circumstances) Institutional Frameworks Policies, Legislation and Regulations The Environmental Quality Act (EQA) The compounding impacts of Climate Change Responding to Climate Change Resulting Policy and Framework Development Specific Water-related Issues Specific initiatives (hard vs. soft) Dependence of Mitigation Actions on Adaptation Measures

3 Natural Resources environmentally rich and abundant in natural resources 1 of the 12 mega-diverse countries rich with renewable and non-renewable resources including the mineral resources, forestry, fisheries, agriculture, marine, poultry one of the fastest growing economies in the ASEAN region The main supplier of natural rubber, hardwoods, palm oil and tin Growing rate of urbanization

4 Institutional Frameworks EPU, Prime Minister s Department-Focal point for Sustainable Development Ministries (eg) NRE-environment, natural resources, water resources, climate change KeTTHA-green technology, water treatment and supply KPKT-town and country planning Departments/ Agencies eg.: DOE, JPSM, PERHILITAN, NAHRIM, DOF, JPSPN, SPAN, IWK, FRIM, SEDA, Green Tech etc. Councils: MTN, MTHPI, MPFN, MTN-harmonization/ coordination platform (federal vs state, cross-sectoral) Others: NGOs, Universities, Schools etc.

5 Policies The National Forestry Policy, 1978 The National Policy on Biological Diversity, 1998 The National Policy on the Environment 2002 The National Policy on Climate Change, 2009 The National Green Technology Policy, 2009 The National Water Resources Policy, 2012 The National Mineral Policy 2, 2009 The National Physical Plan New Economic Model

6 Laws and Regulations Kanun Tanah Negara (National Land Code) 1965 Environmental Quality Act 1974 Town and Country Planning Act 1976 National Parks Act, 1980 National Forestry Act 1984 Fisheries Act 1985 Sarawak Natural Resources and Environment Ordinance 1997 Wildlife Conservation Act, 2010 etc.

7 Establishment of EQA 1974 & DOE 27 March March April 1975 EQA comes into force 15 September 1975 Division of Environment under the Ministry of Local Government & Environment 1 March 1976 Division of Environment under the Ministry of Science, Technology & the Environment 1983 Established as the Department of Environment Gazettmentof the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) Department of Environment placed under the Ministry of Natural Resources & the Environment

8 OBJECTIVES OF EQA 1974 & APPROACHES PREVENTION OF POLLUTION Section 19 Prohibition against causing vehicles, ship or premises to become prescribed conveyance or prescribed premises Section 34A Report on impact on environment resulting from prescribed activities ENHANCEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT Section 3 Environmental Protection Policy, Issuance of license, research etc. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974 CONTROL OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION Licensing Acceptable Conditions Prohibition Environmental Audit Section 30A Power to control use of substance and product & to state environmental labeling Section 30B Power to specify rules on deposit & rebate schemes Section 36A Research Cess Section 47 Power of recovery of costs & expenses. The Department of Environment s main role is to prevent, control, abate pollution and enhancement of the environment through the enforcement of the EQA 1974, and its 37 subsidiary legislations.

9 Principles Adopted in the Formulation of the EQA PREMISES/INDUSTRY-Pollution should be controlled at source POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE-Polluters must pay or bear the cost of their pollution control STANDARDS SET-Standards may be contravened in certain circumstances provided that it does not adversely affect the environment VARIABLE STANDARDS-may be specified if the uniform standards are inadequate to protect the environment

10 Primary Environmental Issues Illegal logging Wildlife trafficking Waste management issues Air/ water pollution-point and non-point sources Hazardous waste management Transboundarypollution-beyond national jurisdiction Enforcement activities-ineffective, limited resources

11 Challenges State vs federal jurisdiction Policy weaknesses-lack of strategic action plans Expensive technologies-need to buy from outside Environmental governance-limited resources Awareness among Malaysian on environment-lacking Public participation in environmental protection effortswhistle blowers Public Private Partnership-need to explore and utilize more Post-2015 Development agenda: countries are called for greater commitments in environmental protection/management Climate Change Impacts-extreme weather events

12 Observed and Projected Climate Change in Malaysia Temperature Rainfall (amount) Observed Projected (by 2050) C per 50 years ( ) no appreciable difference Rainfall Intensity Increased by 17% for 1 hour duration ( compared to ) Sea Level Rise 1.3 mm/yr ( , Tanjung Piai, Johor) 1.5-2C Increase (-) 5% to (+) 9% change in regions within PM (-) 6% to (+) 11% change in regions within Sabah and Sarawak Increase in extremes within wet cycles Increase in frequency of extreme weather 0.5m rise (Global high worst case at 10mm/yr)

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14 Estimated Annual Economic Loss: RM 1 billion Source: National Register of River Basins (JPS, 2003)

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16 Implementation Framework National Policies and Policy Review Roadmaps and Strategies ADAPTATION MITIGATION Action Plans Regulations and Legislation INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS

17 National Policy on Climate Change Policy Statement: Ensure climate-resilient development to fulfil national aspirations for sustainability Objectives: Mainstreaming climate change through wise management of resources and enhanced environmental conservation resulting in strengthened economic competitiveness and improved quality of life; Integration of responses into national policies, plans and programmes to strengthen the resilience of development from arising and potential impacts of climate change; and Strengthening of institutional and implementation capacity to better harness opportunities to reduce negative impacts of climate changepolicies to address climate change and related policies

18 National Policy on Climate Change Five Principles encompassing Sustainability, Conservation, Coordinated Implementation, Participation and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities; Ten Strategic Thrust Areas incorporating a balanced approach between adaptation and mitigation Forty three Key actions identifying specific initiatives, target sectors, and where possible, key stakeholders

19 National Green Technology Policy Objectives: To reduce the energy usage rate and at the same time increase economic growth; To facilitate the growth of the Green Technology industry and enhance its contribution to the national economy; To increase national capability and capacity for innovation in Green Technology development and enhance Malaysia s competitiveness in Green Technology in the global arena; To ensure sustainable development and conserve the environment for future generations; and To enhance public education and awareness on Green Technology and encourage its widespread use.

20 National Green Technology Policy Built upon the four pillars: Energy, Environment, Economy and Social Specifies four short-term, six mid-term and six long-term goals Identifies four key sectors: Energy, Buildings, Water and Waste Management, and Transportation Applied in five Strategic Thrust Areas: Institutional Frameworks, Enabling Environments, Human Capital, Research and Innovation, and Public Awareness

21 OVERALL FRAMEWORK Climate Change Adaptation Mitigation Development Vulnerability Development Resilience Economic Vulnerability Economic Resilience Resources Economy Social Industry Finance Trade Land Water Forestry Biodiversity Mineral Agriculture Industry Biotechnology Food Security Water Sufficiency Irrigation Livelihood Safety & Security Social Welfare Emission Reduction / Sink Enhancement Carbon Offset Schemes Climate Friendly Technology Financing & Investment Insurance Schemes Climate Resilient Development Climate Proof Development Low Carbon Economy Climate Resilient Economy

22 ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Special Report Managing the Risks of Extreme Weather Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation Reduce exposure Increase resilience Transform Institutions and Management Frameworks Reduce vulnerability Prepare, respond and recover Effective risk management

23 ADAPTATION Even if the world maintains the pace of the 1990s in water supply development, it would not be enough to ensure that everyone has access to safe drinking water by (Source: UNEP)

24 Climate Change and Its Impact on Water Resources Water shortfalls and excesses Reduced inflows to water storages (dams/reservoirs) Reduced stream flows Reduced water available for rain-fed agriculture Reduced recharge of groundwater Threatened water supplies to cities, towns, agriculture, industries and environment More frequent dry periods and severe droughts Increased risk of flood damage Possible changes to ecosystems

25 Muar River Annual precipitation(basin average ) 3000 Annaul precipitation(basin Average) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /03 Precipitation(mm) 2004/ /07 Climate Change? Increase observed in annual precipitation Increase Source : IRBM Sg. Muar (JICA, 2010)

26 Climate Change? JPS AMPANG JPS AMPANG Rainfall depth (mm) Rainfall depth (mm) Exceedance Probability (%) JPS AMPANG, SELANGOR Increasing trends in short duration rainfall Exceedance Probability (%) 3hrs.@ JPS AMPANG, SELANGOR Rainfall depth (mm) Rainfall depth (mm) Exceedance Probability (%) Exceedance Probability (%) 1.00

27 NAHRIM Study on Climate Change Impact Maximum values of monthly precipitation Maximum Monthly Precipitation (mm) North West Region North East Region Central Region Southern Region (1) (2) (2) - (1) (Source: NAHRIM Climate Change Study, 2006) More rainfall More floods?

28 MMD Observations on Climate Change Impact Precipitation Changes Increasing temperatures tend to increase evaporation which leads to more precipitation. As average global temperatures have risen, average global precipitation has also increased Source: IPCC, 2007

29 Revised and Updated IDF Curves for Design Storms RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY CURVE Stor JPS Johor Bharu Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr) Duration (hrs)

30 Implementation of Integrated Flood Forecasting and Warning System Flood risk maps to be prepared using GIS and overlaid with available geographical information: Demography, infrastructure, major industries, crops, satellite imagery, etc. Flood emergency zones to be identified 30

31 Web-based Drought Monitoring (

32 Flood Mitigation Programmes Dam River Channelisation Retention Pond By-pass Tunnel

33 Water Resources Infrastructure Storage dam Water treatment plant Irrigation canal

34 DID Study on Coastal Vulnerability - SLR Impacts of Sea Level Rise 1. Increased Wave Height Higher water depth at shorelines Stronger winds generate bigger waves RESULT - increased coastal erosion 2. Coastal Flooding New phenomenon in coastal towns Increasing in severity each year RESULT more damage to property 3. Overtopping of coastal bunds Bund breaches becoming more common RESULT Increased losses to agriculture

35 Coastal Vulnerability Impacts of Sea Level Rise Some minor inundation occurs along the coastal areas of Peninsular Malaysia The highest SLR occurs in the northeast and northwest regions of Peninsular Malaysia The low elevation areas and river mouths in the southwest and north coasts of Sarawak are very vulnerable to SLR Vulnerable areas in Sabah are smaller than in Sarawak since the coastal elevations are higher in Sabah

36 Integrated Shoreline Management Plan (ISMP) A plan for a specific Stretch of shoreline: Manage erosion threats Manage development and optimize land use Manage sensitive habitats

37 Coastal Protection Projects Rock Revetment Groyne Mangrove Replanting Concrete Slab Beach Nourishment

38 Malaysia s Voluntary Indicator Announced voluntary reduction of up to 40% in terms of carbon emission intensity of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels..conditional on receiving the transfer of technology and finance of adequate and effective levels from Annex 1 countries We remain committed to ensure at least 50% of our land area remain as forests as pledged in the Rio Summit. Currently our natural forests and agriculture crop plantations combined cover 75% of the country s land area. Prime Minister YAB Dato Sri Mohd. Najibbin TunAbdul Razak at the 17 th December 2009, during his address to the 15 th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC 38

39 THANK YOU Gary W. Theseira /