Research and Innovation on Facades and Envelope

Transcription

1 Research and Innovation on Facades and Envelope Tan Tian Chong Deputy Managing Director Built Environment Research and Innovation Institute Building and Construction Authority

2 Contents A. Sustainability Challenge B. The Role of Façade & Envelope C. Research Projects D. BCA SkyLab E. Trends To Watch

3 Sustainability Challenge

4 SUSTAINABLE Strategic Challenge on Sustainability Sustainability vs Development Towards a sustainable future Commitment Support Singapore s commitment at COP21 climate talks in Paris to reduce Emissions Intensity by 36%, and stabilise emissions with aim of peaking around 2030 Vision Climate Change/ Global Warming Energy Security Global Leader in green buildings with special expertise in the tropics and sub-tropics Aspiration Achieving Positive Energy Low-rise buildings, Zero Energy Medium-rise buildings, and Super Low Energy High-rise > 1/3 Electricity Consumption buildings in the tropics Influencing behavioural change

5 Enhancing Environmental Sustainability through Green Mark SUSTAINABILITY New Buildings Launched BCA Green Mark Scheme 2008 Existing Buildings 2009 Established the Singapore Green Legislation on Building Council Environmental Sustainability for New Buildings >80% buildings to be Greened by 2030 Legislation on Environmental Sustainability for Existing Buildings Occupants & Tenants 5

6 Progress in Greening the Built Environment SUSTAINABILITY < 0.1% Green Buildings > 13% Green Buildings ~33% Green Buildings >50% Green Buildings >80% Green Buildings with >90mil m 2 green GFA 6

7 Best-in-class energy efficiency (Non-Residential Buildings) % Energy Saving Green Mark 2008 Green Mark 2010 Green Mark 2015 Super-Low Energy GM Criteria 60% SLE Level (at least 60%) 50% Platinum Level (~50%) 43% 38% 33% 28% Platinum Level Gold PLUS Level Gold Level Certified Level Platinum Level (43%) +43% +50% +60% 18% (Minimum Standard) 0% (at 2005) Building Code level +18% % E ne S an

8 The Role of Façade & Envelope

9 BUILDING COOLING LOAD Commercial Building Q Envelope = 25% Residential Building Includes loads due to: Infiltration Lighting People Miscellaneous Equipment Roof Private Residential Building Loads Distribution Uwall 1.2 W/m 2 K Uglass 6.13 W/m 2 K 6% 9% Q Envelope = 38% 62% 23% Qwall Qglass Qsolar Qothers WWR = 51% Average SC 0.3

10 WHAT IS ETTV/RETV Envelope Thermal Transfer Value (ETTV) comprises the three basic components of heat gain through the external walls and windows of a building, averaged over the whole envelope area of the building. Heat conduction through opaque walls Heat conduction through glass windows Solar radiation through glass windows Residential Envelope Transmittance Value (RETV) is the residential counterpart of ETTV. It works in the same way. 10

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12 Previous Current GM 2015 For New Non-Residential Buildings Envelope & Facade NRB 1-1 Thermal Performance of Building Envelope PRE-REQUISITES ETTV Revision Green Mark Rating Maximum ETTV Gold 45W/m 2 GoldPlus 40W/m 2 Platinum 38W/m 2

13 Current Change GM 2016 For New Residential Buildings Envelope & Facade Pre-requisites Additional Requirement - Gold Min:25W/m2 - Gold+ Min: 22 W/m2, - Platinum Min: 20 W/m2 All buildings within a development, the average RETV of each orientation shall not exceed max RETV of 25W/m 2

14 Directions Improved Envelope Performance Levers Review of ETTV / RETV Emerging Technologies Research, Development & Demonstration Activities Consideration of frames & thermal breaks, etc. Study of GM projects Tech Scan Tech Repository Funding & Testbedding Support

15 An Overview of Building Energy Efficiency Technology Roadmap Post occupancy evaluation IEQ and productivity Subjective response and objective measurement Occupancy Well-Being ACMV 60-80% Energy Efficiency Micro-climatic air conditioning system Energy recovery and reuse Integrated Design Passive Design Tools Energy modelling CFD Smart sensing and controls Building Management and Information System Building Envelope and Façade Systems Thermal comfort Day lighting Responsive facades to natural ventilation

16 Building energy efficiency R&D projects Occupant Well-being 6 Projects ($6.4M) Others 7 Projects ACMV 17 Projects ($11.7M) Integrated Design 6 Projects ($2.7M) Envelope and Façade 15 Projects ($12.9M) Smart Building Technology 18 Projects ($11.9M)

17 Research Projects

18 Energy Efficient Building Facades for Thermal Comfort Environment Enhancing the existing ETTV/RETV formulation so as to account for energy efficient windows, dynamic facades and productivity materials. Study on Energy Efficient Residential Building Envelope: Focus mainly on residential development (both old and new) with a range of building façade features that affect thermal comfort.

19 REVISITING THE ETTV EQUATION U-value frame + U-value glazing Overall U- value Fenestration features (Thermal breaks) Thermal Breaks 19

20 Cooling Energy (MWh) Cooling Energy MWh VALIDATION OF ETTV/RETV FORMULATION USING THE BCA SKYLAB 3100 Office Building 500 Residential Building y = x x R² = y = x ETTV RETV 20

21 Envelope and Facade Daylighting in Singapore: establishing lighting preferences, design guidelines and predictive Methods Understand lighting preferences in Singapore through measurements, subjective surveys, and simulation Support the design of daylit buildings, and improve connection to the outdoors 25% savings in lighting energy 2.5-4% savings in overall building energy High Dynamic Range (HDR) Luminance Photograph of SUTD s Campus Centre Climate-Based daylight Simulation

22 Cool Paint Incorporating Phase Change Material for Buildings in the Tropics First layer reflect solar radiation and the next thin layer of Phase Change Material absorb the conductive heat from entering the buildings. Can be applied to both new and existing building surfaces including horizontal and vertical surfaces

23 Heat Reflective Coating to Improve Thermal Performance of Window Frames This dark-cloloured reflective pigment can be applied on aluminium window frames. It is able to reflect at least 20% Near-Infrared Radiation and some of them have achieved good adhesion to aluminium even without priming. It can be applied onto both new and existing metal structures without the need to strip the base paint. Apart from building façade, this paint can also potentially be used in automotive and logistics applications.

24 Solar Control Smart Window for Tropical Buildings Developed SCSW with spectrally selective control of visible light transmittance, IR reflection, low thermal transmittance, better durability and low-cost.

25 Augmenting Urban Soundscapes: Design Tools, Noise Mitigation System, and Evaluation of the Urban Sound Environment - To develop soundscape masking techniques to improve the aural comfort of residents in public areas - The proposed soundscape approaches utilise active noise mitigation techniques that maintain natural ventilation in residential areas. Ambient noise reduction can be achieved based on psychoacoustic masking approaches that are perceptually more soothing/relaxing to the residents, and also trigger positive physiological responses.

26 The BCA SkyLab

27 BCA SkyLab World s First High-Rise Rotatable Laboratory for the Tropics Partners:

28 BCA SkyLab Video

29 PLUG & PLAY f u l l y c o n f i g u r a b l e ROTATABLE i n a n y o r i e n t a t i o n O p t i m i s e building designs in REAL-WORLD TROPICAL CONDITIONS Capability of BCA SkyLab W o r l d s F i r s t H i g h - R i s e R o t a t a b l e L a b o r a t o r y f o r t h e T r o p i c s

30 ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS D R Y B U L B T E M P E R A T U R E U n i t : C H E A T F L U X U n i t : W / m 2 ( W a t t s p e r s q m ) R E L A T I V E H U M I D I T Y U n i t : % C A R B O N D I O X I D E U n i t : p p m ( p a r t s p e r m i l l i o n ) Measures: Indoor air temperature and interior stratification temperature Impacts: Occupants thermal comfort and air distribution performance Measures: Rate of heat transfer from exterior to interior Impacts: Insulation performance of the walls and windows Measures: Amount of interior moisture in the air as a percentage of maximum moisture at the same temperature Impacts: Occupants thermal comfort level Measures: Indoor carbon dioxide level Impacts: Indoor air quality, amount of ventilation required A D I A B A T I C W A L L R E F E R E N C E C E L L ( B a s e c o n t r o l ) T E S T C E L L ( V a r i a b l e t e s t a g a i n s t b a s e c o n t r o l ) S U R F A C E T E M P E R A T U R E U n i t : C Measures: Surface temperature of the walls and windows I N D O O R I L L U M I N A N C E U n i t : L u x Measures: Intensity of light visible to human eye T O T A L V O L A T I L E O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S ( T V O C ) U n i t : p p m ( p a r t s p e r m i l l i o n ) Measures: Volatile organic compounds in the air O T H E R S E N S O R S Compass, omni-directional wind speed, solar radiation, mean radiant temperature, etc. Impacts: Insulation performance of the walls and windows Impacts: Amount of artificial lighting required Impacts: Indoor air quality, amount of ventilation required

31 First Phase Technologies Testing Project 1 LED c/w Dali & daylight Project 2 Automated Blinds Project 3 Chilled beam & EC Motor FCU Project 4 Electrochromic Project 5 Integrated project 1 to 4 July 2016 to FEB 2018

32 R E F E R E N C E C E L L T E S T C E L L E n e r g y e f f i c i e n t T 5 l i g h t s F i x e d s h a d e s Two Key Benefits U p t o 15% 20% Energy savings b y h a r v e s t i n g d a y l i g h t Visual comfort w i t h o u t g l a r e L E D l i g h t s w i t h D A L I C o n t r o l A u t o m a t e d s h a d e s Illustration of Current Experiment W o r l d s F i r s t H i g h - R i s e R o t a t a b l e L a b o r a t o r y f o r t h e T r o p i c s

33 R E F E R E N C E C E L L T E S T C E L L E n e r g y e f f i c i e n t T 5 l i g h t s F i x e d s h a d e s C o m b i n e d a u t o m a t e d r e f l e c t i v e b l i n d s w i t h d i m m a b l e L E D l i g h t i n g i s a b l e t o a c h i e v e l i g h t i n g e n e r g y s a v i n g s o f u p t o 7 4 % c o m p a r e d t o T 5 l i g h t s w i t h n o a u t o m a t e d b l i n d s L E D l i g h t s w i t h D A L I C o n t r o l Inner Inner zones zones Perimeter zones Lighting power consumption savings A u t o m a t e d s h a d e s First Integrated Test Automated Reflective Blinds with Dimmable LED lights W o r l d s F i r s t H i g h - R i s e R o t a t a b l e L a b o r a t o r y f o r t h e T r o p i c s

34 Line up of future technologies (2018) Mar to May 2018 Jun to Aug 2018 Sep to Oct 2018 Nov to Dec 2018 ETTV/RETV and Thermal Comfort Study Invisible PV Facade Daylighting study in Singapore Cool Singapore: Study of cool materials

35 HALIO SMART-TINTING GLASS SYSTEM: BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY From Clear To Dark And In-Between Seamlessly Natural clear state allows over 66% light transmission Blocks up to 99.9% total transmitted light with a dark neutral grey state Uniform switching makes intermediate tints useable and offer a high Color Rendering Index > 90 Full switching under 3 minutes provides energy efficiency and near-privacy. Visible transitioning within 20 seconds 035.

36 ClearVue PV forefront of nano technology Visible light (VIS) passes through the glass Micro & Nano particles interact with Ultra Violet (UV) radiation which is converted to longer wavelengths and scattered along with Infrared (IR) light to the edges of glass Insulation properties reduce heating and cooling costs IR is collected by PhotoVoltaic (PV) cells - Produces electricity Reduces heat and blocks damaging UV and IR radiation 36

37 Trends to Watch

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39 VISION Global leader in green buildings w i t h s p e c i a l e x p e r t i s e i n t r o p i c s a n d s u b - t r o p i c s ASPIRATION SUPER LOW e n e r g y POSITIVE e n e r g y L O W - R I S E ZERO e n e r g y MEDIUM-RISE H I G H - R I S E

40 PE-ZE-SLE BUILDINGS IN BCAA Zero Energy - Med Rise (7-Storey) EEI 80 kwh/m 2 /yr (Air-conditioned Area) EEI 30 kwh/m 2 /yr (Non Air-conditioned Area) Super Low Energy-High Rise (16-storey) 45% energy savings (Based on GM 2015 Energy Modelling Guidelines) EEI 100 kwh/m 2 /yr Positive Energy Low Rise (3-storey) 40% Net surplus energy EEI improvement > 20% POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE ZERO ENERGY MID RISE SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE

41 ZEB ENHANCEMENT Going Beyond Zero To complete in key features Hybrid Cooling System High Performance glazing with Heat reflective film User Interface space settings Monitoring and Switching Plugloads KPIs >40% Net surplus energy >20% EEI Improvement >95% Occupants satisfaction rate POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE ZERO ENERGY MID RISE SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE

42 TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT DEMAND CONTROLLED VENTILATION SYSTEM ZEB ENHANCEMENT GOING BEYOND ZERO HAIKU FAN HIGH PERFORMANCE DALI-BASED DIMMABLE CEILING LUMINAIRE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING WITH HEAT REFLECTIVE FILM DALI-BASED DIMMABLE TASK LAMPS ENERGY EFFICIENT FAÇADE SYSTEMS POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE USER PERSONAL SPACE SETTINGS MONITORING AND SWITCHING PLUG LOADS ZERO ENERGY MED RISE WIFI-BASED OCCUPANCY MONITORING SYSTEM MOBILE USER PERSONAL SPACE SETTINGS SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE 42

43 Positive-Energy Schools Potential for participation in SolarNOVA program SolarNOVA PROGRAM > 10% Energy Surplus Cultivate smart and green culture USER BEHAVIOR PES ENERGY EFFICIENCY POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE Enhanced passive design and active systems for thermal comfort of occupants in NV/MV spaces. ZERO ENERGY MED RISE THERMAL COMFORT Energy efficiency with Innovative cooling strategies In partnership with: SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE

44 BCA/MOE/NTU STUDY ON PE SCHOOLS SS SS PS SS PS SS PS PS PS SS PS PS Primary School Secondary School Classrooms A/C area MPH & ISH 1.Shading device Internal / external / vertical sun shading device 2.Cool paint (roof and wall finishes) 3.Green wall or roof garden 1.Smart lighting-(daylight and motion controlled) 2.Low-e double glazing windows 1.High Volume Low Speed Fan for indoor sports hall 2.Operable louvers for ventilation specially on top of hall 3.Shading roof by PV panel and facade POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE ZERO ENERGY MED RISE SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE

45 NUS School of Design and Environment 4 Medium Rise : 4 12 Storeys EEI < 60 kwh/m 2 /yr EE Saving > 60% ETTV < 30W/m 2 Passive Design & Mix Mode Highly Eff PV modules > 18% POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE ZERO ENERGY MID RISE SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE

46 Credit: Stephen Sanjaya_Bayu Kusuma Adi_University of Gadjah Mada_Indonesia Super Low-Energy High-Rise Building High Rise : More than 12 Storeys (office buildings) EEI < 100 kwh/m 2 /yr Energy saving > 60% than 2005 building code level Smart technologies BIPV Super Low-Energy High-Rise Building (SLEB) POSITIVE ENERGY LOW RISE ZERO ENERGY MED RISE SUPER LOW ENERGY HIGH RISE

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49 谢谢 Thank you