ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW. Equatorial Guinea. keyfactsenergy.com

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1 ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW Equatorial Guinea keyfactsenergy.com

2 History Equatorial Guinea (the Republic of Equatorial Guinea) includes a large island (Bioko) in the Gulf of Guinea and a mainland region (Río Muni), bordered by Cameroon (north) and Gabon (south and east). Early Baka (pygmy) tribes were overwhelmed by Bantus who evolved into the Fang tribe of Rio Muni and the Bubi tribe of Fernando Po (now Bioko). The island was discovered in 1472 and colonised by Portugal but in 1778 it, and the adjacent onshore region were ceded to Spain. Britain used Bioko as a base from 1827 to combat the slave trade until Spanish rule was restored in Coffee and cocoa plantations on the island were now run by black Fernandinos who settled during British rule. New land regulations in 1904 favoured Spaniards and the indigenous Bubi were subjugated. Meanwhile France had acquired most of the mainland and a treaty left Spain with just the Rio Muni area. Bioko and Rio Muni were then united in 1926 as the colony of Spanish Guinea. Nationalist pressures in the region led to independence in 1968 and the new government allied itself with the USSR and Cuba, terrorising the people. A coup in 1979 brought in a new authoritarian leader. Equatorial Guinea s economy now depends on oil and gas and it is the richest country per capita in Africa with wealth distributed very unevenly. Country Key Facts Official name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Population: (2016) Capital: Malabo Type of Government: Republic Area: 28,051 squarekilometers (10,831 square miles) Language: Spanish, French, Portuguese Religion: Roman Catholic, pagan practices Currency: Central African CFA franc Independence (from Spain): 12 October 1968 Calling code: +240 Operational Highlights 2014 crude oil production: 289,000 bopd 2014 proven oil reserves: 1.1 billion barrels

3 Ministry of Mines Industry and Energy Overseeing Equatorial Guinea s oil and gas industry, the Ministry of Mines Industry and Energy is responsible for almost 90 percent of the country s revenues. While still focusing in the promising offshore potential of the country, with new offshore blocks up for direct negotiation, the MMIE has spear-headed the PEGI 2020 industrialisation plan and the country s Horizon 2020 initiative, developing major projects like the Bioko Oil Terminal, The Petrochemicals Revolution of Equatorial Guinea, the Mbini Industrial City and the Petroleum Industrial City of Luba. Ministerio de Minas, Industria y Energia Carretera de Punta Europa, Malabo Republica de Guinea Equatorial Tel: +(240) Fax: +(240) His Excellency H.E Gabriel Mbaga Obiang Minister of Mines, Industry and Energy Geography Equatorial Guinea consists of the mainland territory of Río Muni and the islands of Bioko, where the capital is located, and smaller islands of Corisco, Elobey Chico, Elobey Grande) and Annobón. The last is a volcano 350 kms into the Atlantic west of Gabon. Río Muni and Bioko are mostly covered in forests including in the central highlands of the island. Oil production began in 1991 north of Bioko from the Alba and then Zafiro fields in the Rio Del Rey Basin, a part of the Niger Delta. In 2000 a series of new finds, south of Bioko island in the Rio Muni basin, partly in deep waters, began to come onstream. New fields in both shallow and deep waters are planned that will sustain and eventually increase total production. Before 2002 gas production was minimal, with most flared or re-injected although some Alba gas was processed into methanol. A new gas-powered electricity generating facility and an LNG plant started operations in 2007, leading to gas output increasing rapidly. Source: GlobalShift Equatorial Guinea became a significant oil and natural gas exporter with the discovery and development of large offshore oil reserves in the 1990s. As production increased, the country grew by an average real annual growth rate of 26.2 percent from 2001 to 2005, according to the World Bank. Hydrocarbon production is the basis of the country's economy and consists of crude oil, condensate, natural gas plant liquids (NGPLs), and dry natural gas. According to the International Monetary Fund's latest data, the hydrocarbon sector represented over 90 percent of government revenue and about 98 percent of export earnings Equatorial Guinea's hydrocarbon production is concentrated offshore its main island of Bioko, which is also home to the capital city, Malabo. Hydrocarbon production also occurs offshore the country's mainland, Rio Muni, which is nestled between Cameroon and Gabon. Production of the country's dominant hydrocarbon, crude oil, has been declining as a result of maturing oil fields. However, the recent start-up of the Aseng oil and gas-condensate field and the anticipated

4 start-up of the Alen gas-condensate field in late-2013 are projected to revive liquids production in the near term. Oil and Gas Equatorial Guinea s ascent to becoming a major African producer was rapid. The Alba field came online in 1991, followed by the game-changing Zafiro field in The oil boom was well and truly underway, with production rising to a peak of 358,000 barrels daily in To bolster the upstream industry and to contribute to the growing industrial base in the country, Equatorial Guinea has implemented gas utilization projects that include LNG, methanol and CNG. Block R is due to begin natural gas production in 2020 and will support a floating LNG plant. In order to utilize discovered gas reserves east of Bioko Island, a petrochemicals hub called REPEGE is being developed. Sustained exploration success has been a hallmark of Equatorial Guinea s upstream oil and gas business, with 48 total discoveries and a drilling success rate of 42 percent, almost double the global average. Production and processing facilities are well established in many parts of the country and seismic data covers large offshore areas. All data will be made available in our data room to interested bidders. The Ministry of Mines and Hydrocarbons now invites oil and gas explorers to bid on a range of prospective acreages, including some unexplored blocks.

5 Legal Framework Equatorial Guinea enacted its first Hydrocarbons Law in 1981 (Act No. 7/1981). The Constitution of 1995 (Act No. 1/1995) applied to this earlier law. Petroleum legislation was updated in 2006 with the introduction of the New Hydrocarbons Law (act no. 8/2006), which governs the sector today. In addition to the New Hydrocarbons Law of 2006, companies are subject to the Petroleum Operations Regulation of 2013 and the New Local Content Regulation of 2014, among other directives. The 2006 Hydrocarbons Law states in Article 1 that all hydrocarbon reservoirs that exist in the surface and subsoil areas of Equatorial Guinea, including its inland waters, territorial waters, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, are the exclusive property of the state and therefore public domain goods. It also establishes a model production sharing contract. Equatorial Guinea s hydrocarbons legislation states that contracts may be awarded by means of competitive international public tender or direct negotiation. Exploration periods are set at two initial sub-periods of four or five years, plus a maximum of two one-year extensions. The state is entitled to a carried interest participation of not less than 20 percent. Production sharing contracts are the standard petroleum agreement in place.

6 Algeria (12.2) Angola (11.6) Chad (1.5) Congo (brazzaville) (1.6) Egypt (3.5) Equatorial Guinea (1.1) Gabon (2.0) Libya (48.4) Nigeria (37.1) Sudan & South Sudan (5.0) Tunisia (0.4) Other Africa (3.7) Proved oil reserves at 2016 year end (billion bbls) 2016 Oil production (thousand bbls per day) Algeria (1579) Angola (1807) Chad (73) Congo (brazzaville) (238) Egypt (691) Equatorial Guinea (280) Gabon (227) Libya (426) Nigeria (2053) Sudan & South Sudan (222) Tunisia (63) Other Africa (233) Source: BP Statistical Review

7 Equatorial Guinea Deepwater Acreage N I G E R I A 4 o 00'N BIOKO EQUATORIAL GUINEA Nigeria-Soa Tome Joint Development Zone Toe Thrust Zone Proven Oil Zone 40 Kms