Emissions from the Port of Rijeka (Croatia) and their Impact on Air Quality

Transcription

1 Emissions from the Port of Rijeka (Croatia) and their Impact on Air Quality A. Alebić Juretić 1, A. van Hyfte 2, K. Devoldere 2, I. Hladki 3 and V. Jl Jelavić 3 1 Teach. Inst. Publ.Hlth /Sch.of Medicine, Univ. of Rijeka, Croatia 2 ARCADIS, Brussels, Belgium 3 EKONERG, Zagreb, Croatia

2 Any connections? Serenissima vs. Fedelissima

3 Current air quality Estimation of port emission Contribution of port emission to air quality

4 1. Air Quality Long term trends SO LV 40 concentration (ug/m3) Candekova la Guardia Kresimirova i Draga

5 Long term NO ncentration n (ug/m3) co LV Mlaka Krešimirova

6 1900 Long term suspended particulates TSP PM 10 LV LV LV n (ug/m3) ug/m3) PM oncentration centration ( PM10 n>50* co 10 conc /83 83/84 90/91 91/ *

7 Emission inventory for the Rijeka bay area (t/y) SO2 NO2 Sources Petroleum refinery Urinj Rijeka I power plant Petroleum refinery Mlaka Coke plant Subtotal: Other industry Traffic Other Total:

8 The port of Rijeka

9 2. Emission fromport activities study area and sources CHE Rail Road Traffic CHE Dust Ship movements

10 Operative port area in Rijeka Port Torpedo Fishing Zagreb Quay Timber and general cargo Prague Quay General and heavy cargo Budapest Quay Cereals and oil seed Vienna Quay Mixed cargo De Francheschi Quay Mixed cargo Bratislava Quay Soda, salt and fertilisers Visin Quay General and heavy cargo Orlando Quay Refrigerated cargo P Senj Quay Timber and general cargo Ruzic Mixed cargo Riva Galioti RoRo P passenger Rijeka Basin Breakwater Passenger, general and bulk cargo Kostrena Quay Container and RoRo Susak Basin Breakwater Timber and bulk cargo

11 Bakar terminal Omišalj oil terminal Podbok Bulk and loose cargo Goranin General, loose and Roro Berths 1 and 2

12 Activities included in emission estimetes: Ship movements: Cruising in reduced speed from =/ north of Island Cres to anchorage points From East/West tanchorage point tto Rijeka / Bk Bakar / Sušak/ Omišalj Terminal Hotelling at the quays in above mentioned terminals Loading and unloading activities Cargo Handling equipment (CHE) fuel use at all terminals VOC losses at the oil terminal (Omišalj) PM losses through loading/unloading of: soda, salt, fertilisers (Bratislava) cereals and oil seed (Budapest) coal and iron ore (Bakar)

13 Port related traffic Trucks within the port boundaries Trains within the port boundaries Industry Refineries + Power plant Emission i per ship: E = P x LF x A x EF E emission (g) P maximum Continous Rating Power (kw) instaled engine power LF load factor ( % of vessels total power) A Activity ( h) EF emission factor ( g/kwh)

14 Sources of data Rijeka Port Authority ARCADIS

15 Data availability ship movement documents SMD contain: Ship name Ship flag Port of registry Gross Tonnage LOA Time the anchor was dropt Time the order was received Arrival/Departure/Shifting re/shifting Time Name of berth Time pilot gets on/off board Tugboat assistance (Number of boats and start/end of tugboat assistance)

16 Engine type and fuel consumption/ef S-content of fuel used (EF) RO: 2.7% S (ME of all ship, except for others and fishing ) MD: 0.5% S (AE of bulk carrier, general cargo, tanker, others, fishing)

17 Total emissions from port related sources 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Nox SO2 PM10 CO2/kt VOC vessels CHE trucks trains dry bulk handling

18 Sources of vessel emissins 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Nox SO2 PM10 CO2/kt VOC tugboats reduced speed cruising Manouvering Hotelling

19 Total emissions in the city of Rijeka in % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Nox SO2 PM10 CO2/kt VOC Housholds and services District heating DINA Petrokemija Urinj refinry TPP Rijeka traffic on the main roads port sources Total

20 3. Port emissions i impact on air quality ISCST3 Industrial Source Complex Model USEPA approoved Gaussian stationary model Conservative in orographic situations Elevation pointsarecalculated basedondataofdigital data of digital elevation model with resolution 90 m, USGS Agency Area of concern 16km x 14km. Uniform Cartesian Grid 81x71 = 5751 receptor points Grid spacing 200 m 4 dicrete points, on the location of the air quality stations tti (1 Kresimirova, 2 Trogirska, 3 Rijeka 1 and 4 Rijeka 2)

21 Locations of urban monitoring sites 1 Krešimirova St. 2 Trogirska 3 Rijeka1 4 Rijeka2

22 1900 Contribution ofship movements on1 houryearly maximum Contribution of ship movements on 1 hour yearly maximum a. SO 2 b. NO 2

23 Points of maximum impact: SO 2 ships impact during SSE wind NO 2 ships impact during NNE wind

24 Contributionofships of emissions ondaily groundlevel concentrations under worst meteorological conditions : bora (bura) and scirocco (SSE/SW) a. SO 2 b. NO 2

25 Contribution of emissions from port and principal point sources on 1 hour yearly maximum on four urban monitoring stations a. SO 2 b. NO 2

26 Contribution of emissions from port and main point sourceson on daily ground level concentrations under worst meteorological conditions: bora (bura) and scirocco (SSE/SW) a. SO 2 b. NO 2

27 Conclusion Significant contribution of NOx and PM 10 port emissions Significant contribution to air quality at urban monitoring sites Baseline for further rise of maritime traffic Emission reduction measures based on: Technical feasibility Impact Applicability and instrument Economic feasibility Proposed reduction measures: Low S fuel and Nox reducing measure based on differentiated t d harbour taxes Use of 0,1%S fuel while at berth Use of sea water scrubbing based on differentiated harbour taxes Applying BAT for storage and handling of dry bulk Intrducing the idling reduction program for cargo Handling equipment

28 Acknowledgment This work was done under bilateral cooperation with the Flemish goverment (HR_08_001)

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