Environmental Product Declaration

Transcription

1 Elevator Technology thyssenkrupp Aufzüge GmbH Bernhäuser Straße Neuhausen a.d.f. Germany T: F: Elevator Technology Environmental Product Declaration evolution In accordance with ISO Printed in Germany /17 The details quoted in this brochure can only be viewed as binding when confirmed expressly in writing. Reproduction, reprint and storage only with authorization of the editor.

2 Contents 3 Contents 03 Programme-related information & mandatory statement 04 About this EPD 06 About us The evolution elevator system 12 Life-cycle assessment 13 Results of the study Environmental impact 17 Analysis of results/conclusion 18 Avoided burden 19 Glossary Measuring the environmental performance of our products is the foundation for continuous improvement. Programme operator: The International EPD System: more information is available on info@environdec.com EPD International AB Box SE Stockholm, Sweden EPD registration number: S-P Date of publication: Valid until: Geographical scope of application: Europe Reference year for underlying data: 2014/15 Reference years of datasets: Product category rules (PCR): LIFTS (ELEVATORS), 2015:05, VERSION 1.0 ( ) Product classification: UN CPC 4354 Lifts, skip hoists, escalators and moving walkways PCR review was conducted by: The Technical Committee of the International EPD System Chair: Filippo Sessa Contact via info@environdec.com Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO 14025:2006: EPD process certification (internal) EPD verification (external) Third party verifier: Manfred Russ of thinkstep AG Approved by the International EPD System Contact: manfred.russ@thinkstep.com

3 4 up About for residential this EPD buildings 75 About this EPD Introduction At thyssenkrupp, we have a strong sense of responsibility towards our customers, employees, society and the environment. Our aim is always to develop solutions that go far beyond the industry standards in all these areas. What is an EPD? An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD ) provides information about the environmental performance of a product. In the case of this publication, the results refer to thyssenkrupp s evolution series elevators. Data collection The data used in the present study is a combination of measured, calculated and estimated data. The main data sources are the internal data of tkaw, generic databases such as GaBi and data from Tier 1 suppliers. Key terms Environmental product declaration according to ISO 14025: Type III environmental declarations provide quantifiedenvironmental data using predetermined parameters an Within the context of sustainability, we want to understand the environmental performance of our products. That is why we develop LCAs to identify relevant fields of action and enhance the design process. Our goal is to minimise the environmental impact of our products. To communicate the results of LCAs to the public and ensure transparency regarding the environmental impact of our products, we publish EPDs. The benefit for our customers is solutions that fulfil the highest demands in terms of efficiency and product responsibility. In addition, they can use EPDs in the context of their green building certifications and introduce elevators into the life cycle assessment of their buildings. Development of this EPD Both the EPD and the underlying life-cycle assessment (LCA) study have been developed and third-party-verified in accordance with the product category rules (PCRs) for elevators within the framework of the International EPD system and its general programme instructions for type III environmental declarations according to ISO Furthermore, development and verification also follow ISO 14040/44 and the calculation of the energy demand is carried out in accordance with ISO The charaterisation method used to calculate impact categories on midpoint level is CML2001, as requested by the PCRs. Description of functional unit (FU) According to the PCRs for elevators, the functional unit is defined as transportation of a load over a distance, expressed in tonne [t] over a kilometre [km] travelled, i.e. tonne-kilometre [tkm]. Comparability of results EPD s within the same product category but from different programme operators may not be comparable. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14040: Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle. Product category rules (PCR) according to ISO 14025: A set of specific rules, requirements and guidelines for developing Type Ill environmental declarations. Functional unit (FU) according to ISO 14040: The quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit.

4 6 About us up Programme-related for residential buildings information & Mandatory Statement. 75 About us Made in Germany, for the world To ensure maximum value and a long service life for our global customers, all our products and systems are proudly Made in Germany. We are also committed to achieving the highest standards in all our processes and operations with regard to health, safety, environmental protection and the responsible use of energy and resources. For this reason, all our operations are certified in accordance with the following international standards: thyssenkrupp Aufzugswerke GmbH is a 100 % subsidiary of thyssenkrupp Elevator AG with sales of 7.5 billion in the financial year 2015/2016. During the same period, thyssenkrupp Elevator AG employed more than 50,000 people at over 900 locations and served customers in 150 countries. Lift Directive 214/33/EU, Annex VI, Module E: Quality Assurance for Safety Components Lift Directive 214/33/EU, Annex XI, Module H1: Full Quality Assurance for Lifts DIN EN ISO 9001: Quality Management System DIN EN ISO 14001: Environmental Management System DIN EN ISO 50001: Energy Management Systems BS OHSAS 18001: Occupational Health and Safety Management System At our technology park in Neuhausen auf den Fildern in southern Germany, we employ around 1,400 people. With a production area of 48,000 m 2, this site is the only one of its kind in Germany and the largest in Europe. The technology park site was first opened in 1973 and remains the heart of our global operations. Here is where we concentrate our expertise and experience in engineering and elevator systems and parts, developing innovations and continuously optimising existing components. Using state-of-the-art methods and flexible production techniques, we manufacture around 80 % of all the parts and components that go into our products. All our processes are certified in accordance with ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems), ISO (Environmental Management Systems), BS OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety Management System) and conform to the European lift directive 2014/33/EU. Since 2016, our facilities have been certified to ISO (Energy Management Systems). Neuhausen With our annual production capacity of 3,500 elevators, over 17,500 drives and more than 30,000 elevator doors, we achieve an export rate of 70 %, proudly serving customers around the globe.

5 up The for evolution residential elevator buildings system 79 The evolution elevator system The evolution elevator system The new evolution elevator system has been designed to meet the requirements of the future. Drawing on all our decades of experience and expertise across the group, we set out to develop a range of elevators that would combine maximum quality, compactness and technology with an attractive bi-colour design. Boasting innovative features for long life, low maintenance and optimised energy performance, this revolutionary system for new installations and renovations reflects the expertise of thyssenkrupp on an international level. Next-level efficiency New, high-efficiency drive motor Eco/high-speed mode Standardised energy recovery LED lighting (optional) Passive cooling of the control system Situational adjustment of ride quality and main landing Class A* energy efficiency (acc. to VDI 4707) Next-level reliability Robust design High-quality materials Future-proof control system Efficient maintenance The evolution elevator series complies with all relevant international standards and regulations: Lifts Directive 2014/33/EU: Directive of the European Parliament. EN 81: Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts). - Part 20: Passenger and goods/passenger lifts. - Part 50: Design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components. Type-tested system: certification by notified body. CE marking in compliance with EU legal requirements to guarantee health, safety and environmental protection. VDI 4707 (part 1): Lifts, energy efficiency.

6 10 up The for evolution residential elevator buildings system 117 The evolution elevator system Table 1: Specification of assessed elevator according to the PCRs evolution Index Values Type of installation New installation (specific) Commercial name (type) evolution (200) Main purpose Transport of passengers 0,02 kg (0,00 %) 0,00 kg (0,00 %) 2,87 kg (0,05 %) 4,54 kg (0,08 %) 174,61 kg (3,07 %) 561,75 kg (9,89 %) Type of elevator Type of drive system Electric, without machine room (MRL) Gearless traction drive 102,11 kg (1,80 %) 4803,38 kg (84,55 %) Rated load [Q] Rated speed 1000 kg 1.0 m/s 34,72 kg (0,61 %) Number of stops 5 Travelled height 14.8 m Number of operating days per year 300 Applied usage category (UC) acc. to ISO Designed reference service life (RSL) Geographic region of installation Functional unit (FU), calculated acc. to PCRs expressed in tonne [t] over a kilometre [km] travelled 25 years with no modernisations considered Vienna, Austria (considered grid mix: EU average) tkm total: 5681,13 kg (100 %) Representative installation The reference for the underlying life-cycle assessment (LCA) study was an elevator installed in a commercial building in Austria. Its configuration corresponds to the typical application range of the evolution series. For energy consumption during operation, the European average grid mix was considered. 1 Value and relevance of functional unit (FU) The FU is determined by the physical characteristics of the assess ed elevator (e.g. rated load, rated speed, travelled height) and parameters that are chosen based on its assumed use (e.g. use category, trips per day, operating days per year). Because the assessed elevator is installed in a commercial building, use-related parameters in particular are high and consequently created a high FU value. Content declaration A detailed composition of the reference elevator in quantitative terms according to the PCRs is set out in Figure 1. This content declaration considers all life-cycle phases and cut-off rules according to the PCRs. Over 84 % of the material belongs to the material category Ferrous metals. This includes the guide rails, counterweight, cabin and the doors. Inorganic materials represent close to 10 % of total content and represent another significant share. Another important category is Electrics & electronics, which accounts for approximately 3 % of total weight. Among other elements, this includes the controller and the inverter. Figure 1: Material balance of assessed elevator (excl. spare parts) Ferrous metals (carbon steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel and cast iron) Non-ferrous metals (aluminium) Plastics & rubbers Inorganic materials Organic materials Lubricants & paintings Electrics & electronics (electrical cables, printed boards and electronic elements) 1 The Austrian grid mix should not be considered as representative for the entire geographical scope of application of this EPD, which is whole of Europe, even though environmental results would have been better due to the high share of renewable energy of approx. 70 % in particular due to hydropower. However the calculations with the Austrian grid mix are also available in the underlying LCA report of this EPD. Batteries & accumulators Other materials (magnets)

7 12 Life-cycle assessment up Results for residential of the study buildings 137 Life-cycle assessment Results of the study According to the product category rules (PCRs), the life-cycle is assessed in three stages, each consisting of further information modules. The resulting system boundaries are presented in figure below: The following section contains the results of the underlying LCA study according to the PCRs. The disclosure of results is structured in three categories: potential environmental impacts, use of resources, waste production and output flows. The tables show results per FU (in grey fields) and in absolute figures for the full reference service life of 25 years (in white fields). Raw material supply U-1 Materials End-of-Life treatment Upstream (U) D-6 Disposal Transport U-2 Transport to site D-5 Waste processing Life cyle of an elevator D-3 Maintenance D-4 Energy consumption Use (Operation) Downstream (D) Outsourced U-3 Outsourced D-1 Transport C-2 Inhouse from to building site D-2 Installation C-1 Own materials Inhouse Transport & Installation Core (C) Potential environmental impacts Results are presented below for six different impact categories. For a detailed description and explanation of each impact category, please read the glossary on page 18 of this brochure. The characterisation method used to calculate the impact categories on a midpoint level is CML Table 2: Impact category results by information module Impact category GWP AP EP POCP Unit Upstream Core Downstream ADP Elements ADP Fossil fuels FU kg CO2-eq./tkm kg SO2-eq./tkm kg (PO4)3-eq./tkm kg C2H4-eq./tkm kg Sb-eq./tkm MJ NCV /tkm Abs. kg CO2-eq. kg SO2-eq. kg (PO4)3-eq. kg C2H4-eq. kg Sb-eq. MJ NCV U-1 Materials U-2 Trans. to manufact. site U-3 Outsourced C-1 Own mat. C-2 In-house D-1 Trans. to building site D-2 Installation D-3 Maintenance D-4 Energy cons. 7,18E+00 3,40E-02 3,24E-03 3,38E-03 4,04E-04 7,92E+01 1,58E+04 7,47E+01 7,12E+00 7,43E+00 8,89E-01 1,74E+05 1,07E-01 2,62E-04 6,08E-05-7,30E-05 7,12E-09 1,47E+00 2,35E+02 5,76E-01 1,34E-01-1,60E-01 1,56E-05 3,23E+03 3,91E-01 2,35E-03 5,24E-04 2,55E-04 1,16E-07 1,44E+01 8,59E+02 5,17E+00 1,15E+00 5,61E-01 2,54E-04 3,16E+04 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 3,75E-01 6,72E-04 8,71E-05 1,07E-04 1,04E-07 1,32E+01 8,24E+02 1,48E+00 1,92E-01 2,34E-01 2,28E-04 2,91E+04-1,69E-01 6,77E-04 1,54E-04-9,32E-05 3,41E-08 2,32E+00-3,71E+02 1,49E+00 3,38E-01-2,05E-01 7,49E-05 5,10E+03 3,93E-01 1,34E-04 4,67E-05 9,73E-05 2,91E-07 6,06E-01 8,63E+02 2,94E-01 1,03E-01 2,14E-01 6,39E-04 1,33E+03 4,91E-02 3,22E-04 3,50E-05 5,13E-05 1,68E-08 4,21E+00 1,08E+02 7,08E-01 7,69E-02 1,13E-01 3,69E-05 9,25E+03 7,20E+00 2,00E-02 1,79E-03 1,38E-03 2,35E-06 7,80E+01 1,58E+04 4,41E+01 3,94E+00 3,04E+00 5,17E-03 1,71E+05 Figure 2: Life-cycle stages and respective information modules according to the PCRs D-5 Waste processing Total Life Cycle D-6 Disposal 2,43E-04 6,58E-07 8,73E-08 4,76E-09 8,51E-11 2,93E-03 5,34E-01 1,45E-03 1,92E-04 1,05E-05 1,87E-07 6,44E+00 5,82E-03 3,15E-05 4,57E-06 1,92E-06 1,73E-09 7,65E-02 1,28E+01 6,93E-02 1,00E-02 4,21E-03 3,80E-06 1,68E+02 1,55E+01 5,85E-02 5,94E-03 5,11E-03 4,07E-04 1,93E+02 3,41E+04 1,29E+02 1,31E+01 1,12E+01 8,95E-01 4,25E+05

8 14 up Environmental for residential impact buildings 157 Impact category results by life-cycle stage per FU Use of resources The figures below show the share of the different life-cycle stages of each impact category in percentages, resulting in sum of 100 %. 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % At this point the results for the use of resources are presented. These are divided into renewable and non-renewable as well as secondary resources, renewable and non-renewable primary energy, and water. GWP AP EP POCP ADP Elements Table 3: Use of Resources by information module Environmental indicator 1 Unit Non-renewable material resources Renewable material resources Non-renewable energy resources Renewable energy resources Secondary material resources Total amount of water FU kg/tkm kg/tkm MJ NCV /tkm MJ NCV /tkm kg/tkm kg/tkm Abs. kg kg MJ NCV MJ NCV kg kg U-1 Materials 2,88E+01 6,12E+03 8,38E+01 5,61E+00 4,09E-01 6,06E+03 6,33E+04 1,35E+07 1,84E+05 1,23E+04 8,98E+02 1,33E+07 ADP Fossil fuels Upstream U-2 Trans. to manufact. site 6,76E-03 6,84E+00 1,48E+00 8,37E-02 0,00E+00 6,81E+00 1,49E+01 1,50E+04 3,25E+03 1,84E+02 0,00E+00 1,50E+04 Upstream Core Downstream U-3 Outsourced 8,25E-01 3,76E+02 1,53E+01 1,38E+00 0,00E+00 3,73E+02 1,81E+03 8,26E+05 3,37E+04 3,03E+03 0,00E+00 8,19E+05 Figure 3: Impact category results by life-cycle stage (in %) In the figure below, the impact results of the two largest contributors [U-1 and D-4] to the overall results are compared with each other and the sum of the rest of the information modules. GWP kg CO2-eq./tkm AP kg CO2-eq./tkm EP kg (PO4)3-eq./tkm Core C-1 Own mat. C-2 In-house D-1 Trans. to building site 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 1,03E+00 4,74E+02 1,38E+01 8,65E-01 0,00E+00 4,73E+02 2,26E+03 1,04E+06 3,03E+04 1,90E+03 0,00E+00 1,04E+06 3,57E-01 1,65E+02 2,51E+00 8,27E+00 0,00E+00 1,63E+02 7,84E+02 3,62E+05 5,52E+03 1,82E+04 0,00E+00 3,59E E E E E E E E E E-04 D-2 Installation 1,12E-01 2,15E+01 6,61E-01 8,54E-02 3,45E-04 2,09E+01 2,46E+02 4,72E+04 1,45E+03 1,88E+02 7,58E-01 4,60E+04 POCP kg C2H4-eq./tkm ADP Elements kg Sb-eq./tkm ADP Fossil fuels MJ NCV /tkm Downstream D-3 Maintenance D-4 Energy cons. D-5 Waste processing 2,47E-02 2,53E+01 4,24E+00 1,64E-01 0,00E+00 2,51E+01 5,44E+01 5,55E+04 9,31E+03 3,61E+02 0,00E+00 5,52E+04 3,07E+01 3,02E+04 1,26E+02 3,51E+01 0,00E+00 3,00E+00 6,74E+04 6,64E+07 2,76E+05 7,72E+04 0,00E+00 6,60E+07 3,44E-04 1,01E-01 4,02E-03 1,64E-03 0,00E+00 9,75E-02 7,56E-01 2,23E+02 8,83E+00 3,61E+00 0,00E+00 2,14E E E E E E E E E E+01 Total Life Cycle D-6 Disposal 4,31E-02 3,77E+00 7,88E-02 8,14E-03 0,00E+00 3,68E+00 9,47E+01 8,29E+03 1,73E+02 1,79E+01 0,00E+00 8,10E+03 6,19E+01 3,74E+04 2,47E+02 5,16E+01 4,09E-01 3,72E+04 1,36E+05 8,22E+07 5,44E+05 1,13E+05 8,99E+02 8,17E+07 [U-1] Materials [D-4] Energy consumption Others (sum-up of all remaining information modules) Figure 4: Comparison of impacts of main contributors 1 Environmental indicators Secondary energy resources and Recovered energy flow are not shown because their value = 0.00E+00.

9 16 Environmental impact Analysis of results/conclusion 17 Waste production Analysis of results/ Conclusion In this context the results for the generated waste, divided by hazardous and non-hazardous waste are shown. Table 4: Waste production by information module Environmental indicator Hazardous waste disposed Non-hazardous waste disposed Unit FU kg/tkm kg/tkm Abs. kg kg 1,78E-07 2,98E-01 U-1 Materials 3,91E-04 6,55E+02 Downstream Core Upstream 1,12E-07 1,24E-04 U-2 Trans. to manufact. site 2,46E-04 2,73E-01 4,20E-09 4,56E-02 U-3 Outsourced 9,22E-06 1,00E+02 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 C-1 Own mat. 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 6,71E-09 2,40E-02 C-2 In-house 1,48E-05 5,28E+01 1,33E-07 7,79E-04 D-1 Trans. to building site 2,91E-04 1,71E+00 3,10E-09 1,33E-01 D-2 Installation 6,82E-06 2,92E+02 2,01E-07 2,51E-04 D-3 Maintenance 4,42E-04 5,52E-01 7,97E-08 7,58E-02 D-4 Energy cons. 1,75E-04 1,66E+02 General observations The upstream stage is by far the main contributor to the overall burden of the assessed elevator over its entire life cycle. The values for all impact categories are close to or exceed 50 %, while the value for ADP elements is even greater than 99 %. The downstream stage represents the second highest impact area. In contrast, the core stage has almost no impact and relevance in terms of the environmental burden. Upstream stage [U-1] Materials This information module dominates the upstream stage and is the main contributor to overall environmental impact. It generates values of around 50 % or more for most of the assessed impact categories (GWP, AP, EP, POCP, ADP Elements and ADP Fossil fuels). Its high impact is mainly caused by the energy-intensive extraction and production processes of raw materials used for the different components of the elevator. The high level of the results is primarily produced by components made from carbon steel and other Ferrous metals, which represent close to 85 % of the total weight of the assessed elevator. Nevertheless, in relative terms, components with a high share of Electrics & electronics (based on their specific impact per kg) have the highest impact on results and are therefore also of major relevance in the assessed life cycle. Downstream stage [D-4] Energy consumption This information module affects the downstream stage the most, causing almost all of its impact in all impact categories. It makes the second highest contribution to the overall environmental burden of the assessed elevator. As a result, operation during the use phase thus also significantly influences overall environmental impact due to the consumed energy. Analysis of alternative use scenarios, in which the assessed elevator is operated in different locations, showed substantial differences in the overall results for most impact categories (GWP, AP, POCP and ADP Fossil fuels). These differences can be attributed to the variations between energy sources for different grid mixes. As a consequence, the choice of grid mix needs to be carefully considered. Potential for improvements The use of ferrous metals, especially carbon steel, has a major effect on the U-1 impacts. With reference to the ferrous metals, components made of organics, plastics and rubbers show lower impacts than of ferrous metals due to a major weight reduction. As a result, using these materials as an alternative if feasible for their application may achieve improved results. In addition, in terms of moving parts, the lower weight results in less energy demand and thus optimises D-4 values. Explanation of negative values GWP for [D-1] As requested by the PCRs, the burden of the production of waste generated for the packaging (plastic and wood) was an allocated criterion. The negative GWP for D-1 is a result of the cradle-to-gate process of wood production, where wood absorbs CO 2 during its growth period (negative CO 2 balance). Release of this CO 2 is considered in D-2 when the packaging is disposed of (positive CO 2 balance). Explanation of negative values POCP for [U-2] & [D-1] This is caused by the use of trucks for transportation due to the division of NOx emissions into the two single emissions NO 2 and NO. Because it reduces close ground ozone formation, NO has negative effect on POCP. Total Life Cycle D-5 Waste processing D-6 Disposal 5,25E-11 1,15E-07 2,55E-09 5,60E-06 7,20E-07 1,58E-03 1,28E-06 2,81E-03 2,98E-01 6,56E+02 8,76E-01 1,93E+03

10 18 Avoided Burden up Glossary for residential buildings 197 Avoided burden Glossary For the end-of-life phase, the cut-off approach was applied according to the PCRs [D-5 & D-6]. As a consequence, materials expected to be recycled or used for energy recovery are not granted a credit. Following this approach with regard to [U-1], no burden is associated with the amount of scrap included in certain primary materials used (e.g. scrap in steel datasets). The avoided burden approach represents an alternative way of calculating the results for the end-of-life phase [D-5 & D-6]. Accordingly, a credit is awarded for the inherent recycling potential of a product in the end-of-life phase. In the table below, the potential of this credit to reduce the overall environmental impact of the assessed elevator is estimated, taking into account the positive impact of using recycled rather than virgin material. However, new results for the total life cycle are not presented because a reliable net scrap calculation for the overall life cycle could not be performed. Table 5: Estimate of potential of avoided burden impact category results per FU Impact category GWP AP EP POCP ADP Elements ADP Fossil fuels Unit kg CO2-eq./tkm kg SO2-eq./tkm kg (PO4)3-eq./tkm kg C2H4-eq./tkm kg Sb-eq./tkm MJ NCV /tkm European (Average) Cut-Off Approach Total Life Cycle per FU European (Average) Cut-Off Approach EoL phase [D-5 & D-6] per FU European (Average) Avoided Burden Approach EoL phase [D-5 & D-6] per FU For the calculation of the end-of-life phase [D-5 & D-6] using the avoided burden approach, the following materials of the assessed elevator are assumed to be recycled, based on Eurostat datasets from which the most current recycling rates were considered. In this context, please also refer to [D-5 & D-6] in section 3.3.1): electronics 37.6 % (2013), plastics 33.6 % (2014) and carbon steel 87.0 % (2014). 1 The estimated potential of the avoided burden shows that the chosen approach for the end-of-life phase has a substantial impact on the overall results. Taking into account the avoided burden, the total life cycle impact could be reduced on average by over 12 % for each impact category. The highest reduction (>25 %) is achieved for photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) and the lowest (c. 3 %) for eutrophication potential (EP). 1,55E+01 5,85E-02 5,94E-03 5,11E-03 4,07E-04 1,93E+02 6,07E-03 3,22E-05 4,65E-06 1,92E-06 1,81E-09 7,94E-02-2,36E+00-6,40E-03-1,74E-04-1,33E-03-2,55E-05-2,66E+01 Glossary Impact category Abbreviation Unit Characterization method Global warming potential (100 years) Acidification potential Eutrophication potential Photochemical ozone creation potential Abiotic resource depletion potential Elements & Fossil GWP kg CO2-eq. CML2001 April 2015 AP kg SO2-eq. CML2001 April 2015 EP kg (PO4)3-eq. CML2001 April 2015 POCP kg C2H4-eq. CML2001 April 2015 ADP Elements ADP Fossil fuels kg Sb-eq. CML2001 April 2015 MJ NCV CML2001 April 2015 Description The global warming potential (GWP) is a relative measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere. It is indicated in kg of CO2-equivalents for a specified time horizon. The acidification potential describes the acid deposition in plants, soils and surface waters caused by the conversion of air pollutants in acid. It is expressed in kg of SO2-equivalents. Eutrophication is the undesired enrichment of waters with nutrients. It induces the growth of plants and algae, which may result in oxygen depletion. At an excessive level it affects the biological balance of affected waters, e.g. through fish kills. It is measured in kg of C2H4-equvilants. Photochemical ozone creation potential (also referred to as photochemical smog) quantifies the creation of ozone on ground-level where it is considered as a pollutant, while in the high levels of the atmosphere it protects against ultraviolet (UV) light. Ozone on lower levels is a harm to human health and can for example cause inflamed airways or damage lungs. It is expressed in kg of SO2-equivalents. Abiotic resources are natural resources which are regarded as non-living. Their human depletion at the current rate is not considered as sustainable and cause of concern due to their scarcity. The depletion of abiotic resources is reflected in two separate impact categories: Elements, such as iron ore, indicated in kg of Sb-equivalents; and Fossil fuels, as for example crude oil, indicated in MJ NCV.tion of abiotic resources is reflected in two separate impact categories: Elements, such as iron ore, indicated in kg of Sb-equivalents; and Fossil fuels, as for example crude oil, indicated in MJ NCV. Potential Reduction of Avoided Burden per FU Potential Reduction of Avoided Burden in % of Total Life Cycle -2,36E+00-6,43E-03-1,79E-04-1,33E-03-2,55E-05-2,67E+01-15,22 % -11,00 % -3,01 % -26,07 % -6,26 % -13,78 % 1 Eurostat (2013/14), Recyling rates of different waste types, retrieved October 2016, from