Recent developments in ASR, MAR and reuse in NL, for drinking water and agriculture

Transcription

1 1 Recent developments in ASR, MAR and reuse in NL, for drinking water and agriculture Dr. Klaasjan J. Raat SubSol technical meeting, June 4, 2018 Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

2 2 Acknowledgements If you want to travel far, work together SUBSOL HAS RECEIVED FUNDING FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION S HORIZON 2020 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAMME UNDER GRANT AGREEMENT NO

3 3 Recent developments in ASR, MAR and reuse 1classic and 3 new examples how to guarantee freshwater supply in coastal and arid regions Drinking water supply to Amsterdam, The Hague >65 years experience in ASR in saline groundwater New standard for greenhouse farmers practice and science MAR FOR DRINKING WATER ASR-COASTAL FOR AGRICULTURE Manage freshwater lenses in saline environments Horizontal wells ASR with reuse water from food industry Feasibility study to design, operation & compliance FRESHMAKER FOR AGRICULTURE ASR-REUSE FOR AGRICULTURE

4 Water shortages in the Netherlands?

5 Water shortages in the Netherlands?

6 6 1. MAR in the coastal dunes >65 years of MAR to supply drinking water Netherlands, Holland Lowlands (west) Clay and peat overlying sandy aquifers Brackish and saline groundwater Freshwater shortages for drinking water and agriculture Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Drinking water supply Amsterdam, The Hague Managed Aquifer Recharge Infiltration (river water) in coastal dunes Keep freshwater lenses intact >65 years of experience, 185 Mm 3 /yr

7 7 1. MAR in the coastal dunes >65 years of MAR to supply drinking water Netherlands, Holland Lowlands (west) Clay and peat overlying sandy aquifers Brackish and saline groundwater Freshwater shortages for drinking water and agriculture Drinking water supply Amsterdam, The Hague Managed Aquifer Recharge Infiltration (river water) in coastal dunes Keep freshwater lenses intact >65 years of experience, 185 Mm 3 /yr

8 8 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture Greenhouses: high freshwater demand, with very low Na + content Irrigation water Groundwater is brackish Surface water to high Na+ Farmers prefer rainwater Not enough rain in summer GREENHOUSES FOR HORTICULTURE (TOMATOES, PEPPERS, CUCUMBERS, FLOWERS )

9 9 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture ASR to balance water supply (autumn, winter) and demand (spring, summer) Rain: Na: 1-10 mg/l Slow sand filtration Required: Na <11 mg/l Groundwater: Na mg/l Autumn, Winter Spring, Summer

10 10 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture ASR to balance water supply (autumn, winter) and demand (spring, summer) Required: Na <11 mg/l Groundwater: Na mg/l

11 11 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture ASR tailor-made for application in saline groundwater environments Multiple partially penetrating well

12 12 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture ASR tailor-made for application in saline groundwater environments Multiple partially penetrating well

13 13 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture ASR tailor-made for application in saline groundwater environments RECOVERY INJECTION

14 15 2. ASR-Coastal for agriculture The new standard for irrigation water supply to greenhouses Van der Goes Orchids 2 hectares of greenhouses In operation since 2011 PROMINENT TOMATOES 30 hectares of greenhouses In operation since 2013 Collective ASR system Automated Operation & Control CAPEX + OPEX = ~0.30 /m 3 GLASPAREL+ PROMINENT TOMATOES 250 hectares of greenhouses In construction 2018

15 16 3. Freshmaker. Manage freshwater lenses Local agriculture dependent on thin freshwater lenses for irrigation Islands surrounded by saltwater Intersected by (former) creeks CREEK Many water courses discharge freshwater surpluses in winter, but salinize during summer Sand/silt accumulation (above SL) followed by land reclamation SAND Inversed landscapes by subsidence in surrounding clay / peat Freshwater lenses (3 30 m) formed by freshwater overheight INVERSED LANDSCAPE Fresh Saltwater

16 17 3. Freshmaker. Manage freshwater lenses Enlarge natural freshwater lenses for irrigation use later on The principle Promote infiltration of freshwater by extracting the underlying brackish groundwater Horizontal directional drilled wells (HDDW) Shallow HDDW infiltration and recovery of freshwater surpluses ( ASR well ) Deep HDDW to remove saltwater and prevent upconing ( interception well )

17 18 3. Freshmaker. Manage freshwater lenses Enlarge natural freshwater lenses for irrigation use later on The principle Promote infiltration of freshwater by extracting the underlying brackish groundwater Horizontal directional drilled wells (HDDW) Shallow HDDW infiltration and recovery of freshwater surpluses ( ASR well ) Deep HDDW to remove saltwater and prevent upconing ( interception well )

18 3. Freshmaker. Manage freshwater lenses Enlarge natural freshwater lenses for irrigation use later on 19

19 20 3. Freshmaker. Manage freshwater lenses Enlarge natural freshwater lenses for irrigation use later on In operation since 2013 Small-scale system, ~5,000m 3 /yr storage and recovery Replication site in preparation HDDWs demonstrate their efficiency for MAR in coastal zones Active management of freshwater-saltwater interface Also applicable for drinking water MAR in the Dutch coastal dunes

20 22 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors Tomatoes growing on reuse water from sugar beets Dinteloord development area 200 ha greenhouses (tomatoes, egg plants) 50 ha industry 120 ha sugar factory Rainwater in small basins = primary source Estimated 20% deficit ( m 3 /yr)

21 23 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors Reuse water from food industry irrigation water for farmers Sugar factory 2,5 mln ton of sugar beets 1,8 mln m 3 of waste water produced (Sep Jan) m 3 is treated (reverse osmosis) m 3 freshwater water produced (Na < 1mg/L)! 60 m 3 /h from September to January Where to water store until Spring and Summer?

22 24 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors Reuse water from food industry irrigation water for farmers

23 25 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors Reuse water from food industry irrigation water for farmers

24 26 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors Performance modelling of eight (4x2) ASR wells

25 27 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors ASR fill grade based on hystorical rainfall / water demand

26 28 4. ASR to enable water reuse across sectors Reuse water from food industry irrigation water for farmers

27 29 Recent developments in ASR, MAR and reuse 1classic and 3 new examples how to guarantee freshwater supply in coastal and arid regions MAR FOR DRINKING WATER ASR-COASTAL FOR AGRICULTURE SEASONAL ASR DRINKING WATER LIWA DSW-ASR ABU DHABI FRESHMAKER FOR AGRICULTURE ASR-REUSE FOR AGRICULTURE URBAN WATER BUFFER, R DAM COASTAR

28 More information? KWR Watercycle Research Institute