Designing Meteorological Station Networks to Assist in Tundra-Travel Management and Operations on the North Slope, Alaska

Transcription

1 Designing Meteorological Station Networks to Assist in Tundra-Travel Management and Operations on the North Slope, Alaska Christina Bryant Michael R. Lilly Ron Paetzold Geo-Watersheds Scientific September 4, 2008

2 Why Do We Need Data? Tundra-Travel Management Soil Temperature <= -5C at 30 cm soil depth Snow Cover Depth 6 (15 cm) Coastal Management Zone, wet sedge tundra 9 (23 cm) Foothills Region, tussock tundra Tundra travel open period has decreased over time, from an average of ~200 days in 1970 s to ~120 days in early 2000 s

3 Design Issues Telemetry Remote, wireless, satellite Impact on power Power Usually longer dark periods Cold battery temperatures (reduced storage) Wind (high frost environment Data Standards, Flexibility Remote sites benefit by more Portability Deployment on ice, snow road networks may require access by helicopter, or overland travel

4 Snow Prepacking Drift Harvesting Lake Harvesting Needed for Construction Equipment Loads Ice Harvesting- Lakes Ice Chips Build road-bed faster Less maintenance Not Rivers Water Mainly Lakes Canada Large Rivers How Materials?

5 Snow Redistribution Wind Speed, Direction Ice Harvesting- Lakes Ice Growth Rates Air Temperature, RH Not Rivers Water Recharge Summer Precipitation Summer ET Tipping Bucket Gages Net Radiation Other Information Needs?

6 How Process, Repeat Routes? Repeat Every Year! Tundra-Travel Opening Construction O/M Mobilization Work Period Demobilization Decommissioning Tundra-Travel Closing Permit Compliance O/M Exploration Development

7 How Process, Repeat Routes? Repeat Every Year! Tundra-Travel Opening Construction O/M Mobilization Work Period Demobilization Decommissioning Tundra-Travel Closing Permit Compliance Data Application O/M Exploration Development Traveler Safety Data Application Data Application

8 How Design Full Sites? Lower Power System Telemetry Air Temperature Relative Humidity Wind Speed, Direction Subsurface Temp Profile Full active layer depth Soil-Surface Temperature Soil Moisture Snow Depth Net Radiation

9 How Design Partial Sites? Lower Power System Air Temperature Subsurface Temp Profile Select depths Soil-Surface Temperature Snow Depth

10 Examples? 10 SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Soil Temperature TEMPERATURE ( o C) Soil Surface 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm 40 cm 60 cm 100 cm 120 cm 135 cm 150 cm S O N D J F M A M J J A S TEMPERATURE ( o F)

11 Examples? 10 SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Soil Temperature TEMPERATURE ( o C) Soil Surface 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm 40 cm 60 cm 100 cm 120 cm 135 cm 150 cm S O N D J F M A M J J A S TEMPERATURE ( o F)

12 Examples? 0.9 SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Unfrozen Soil-Moisture Content 90 SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol fraction) cm 20 cm 40 cm SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol percent) 0.0 S O N D J F M A M J J A S

13 Examples? 0.9 SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Unfrozen Soil-Moisture Content 90 SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol fraction) cm 20 cm 40 cm Installation SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol percent) 0.0 S O N D J F M A M J J A S

14 0.9 Examples? SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Unfrozen Soil-Moisture Content 90 SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol fraction) cm 20 cm 40 cm Freezing SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol percent) 0.0 S O N D J F M A M J J A S

15 0.9 Examples? SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Unfrozen Soil-Moisture Content 90 SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol fraction) cm 20 cm 40 cm Thawing SOIL WATER CONTENT (vol percent) 0.0 S O N D J F M A M J J A S

16 Examples? SAG-IVISHAK MET (DBM4) Temperature and Unfrozen Soil-Moisture Content, 40-cm Depth TEMPERATURE ( o C) Phase Change Freeze A A B B -2 o C Lines -5 o C Lines S O N D J F M A M J J A S B' B' A' A' Phase Change Thaw UNFROZEN SOIL-MOISTURE CONTENT (Volumetric Percent)

17 Summary Primary Sites Management needs Design needs Real-time reporting Secondary Sites Management needs Collect data on site visits

18 Thank You Questions?