Phytoremediation potential of kelp and eelgrass

Transcription

1 Phytoremediation potential of kelp and eelgrass Nichole Price, Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist Director of the Center for Venture Research on Seafood Security x306

2 science needs CVR support science-based solutions informed policy public awareness

3 Translation of science for positive outcomes Translation of science for positive outcomes

4 Aquaculture the future of the working waterfront in the Gulf of Maine?

5 Ocean warming in the Gulf of Maine ~5 times more rapid than almost anywhere else Andrew Pershing and others at Gulf of Maine Research Institute

6 The Maine coastline is prone to acidification High ph Low ph

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8 High ph Low ph As are mussels

9 Shellfish disease virulence under OA? and blue mussel Higher infection rate with long-term exposure to acidity Asplund et al. 2013

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11 Will mussels be able to hold on in a more acidic ocean?

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14 Predators Acid mud Clam cancer

15 and clams Low ph High ph Acidified muds are the suspected cause of pitting in baby clam shells

16 Thresholds in acidity for shellfish (Today) (100 yrs from now) Waldbusser et al Nature Climate Change

17 Ocean Forests

18 Ocean Forests

19 Portland Press Herald Edible Sea Vegetables

20 Seaweed harvest a long-time tradition in the Gulf of Maine Farmer Loading his Cart with Kelp, Maine, Emma L. Coleman

21 Bigelow Laboratory and Island Institute Phytoremediation as an adaptation strategy

22 Lab Experiment (Today) 280 µatm (100 yrs from now) 1120 Fucus vesiculosus Ulva lactuca Saccharina latissima Zostera marina How much CO 2 does each seaweed species absorb today and in a future, more acidic ocean?

23 Species- specific phytoremediation potential (ΔpCO 2 ) (Today) ΔpCO 2 (µatm hr - 1 L - 1 g - 1 DW pco 2 treatment (100 yrs from now) Fucus Saccharina Zostera Ulva

24 Species- specific phytoremediation potential (ΔΩ Ar ) 2.5 ΔΩ Ar (hr - 1 L - 1 g - 1 DW) Fucus Saccharina Zostera Ulva pco 2 treatment

25 Ocean Approved Farm

26 0.25m 2m 12m

27 Is phytoremediation possible outside of a jar? Paul Dobbins, Ocean Approved Field Observations: Casco Bay SeapHOx ph, O 2, Salinity, Temp., Depth every 30 min. SAMI pco 2 pco 2, Temp. every 30 min Discrete H 2 O samples Total alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon every 2 weeks Site Selection Similar bathymetry, hydrography, and residence time upstream

28 Water sampling - calibration

29 Instruments

30 Measuring kelp growth

31 Farmed sugar kelp raise seawater ph and Ω

32 Farmed sugar kelp raise seawater ph and Ω 0.05 ± ph (13% higher) 0.32 ± Ω Ar (23% higher)

33 Farmed sugar kelp raise seawater ph and Ω

34 What does this mean for mussels?

35 Phytoremediation Today 7% more develop normally 13% larger Waldbusser et al Nature Climate Change 4% more survive Ventura, Schulz, and Dupont 2016 Scientific Reports

36 Phytoremediation Today 7% more develop normally Phytoremediation Future 37% more develop normally 13% larger 48% larger Waldbusser et al Nature Climate Change 4% more survive 30% more survive Ventura, Schulz, and Dupont 2016 Scientific Reports

37 How much CO 2 does sugar kelp absorb today and in a future (more acidic & warmer) ocean? Mean Δ pco 2 (µatm g -1 hr -1 ) (100 yrs from now) (Today) Ambient Projected

38 Bigelow Services: Kelp Seed on demand Kawai et al. Nature 2013 Spore sorting and gametophyte cloning Cryopreservation of favored strains Seeding lines for aquaculture Sporophyte grow- out in optimal conditions Ocean Approved Kelp Manual

39 Eelgrass carbon sequestration

40 Eelgrass raises seawater ph

41 Eelgrass raises seawater ph 60.8 ± 4.9 µmol O 2 (23% higher) 0.04 ± ph (12% higher)

42 Sediment ph next to eelgrass bed is higher during peak productivity ph Aug Station BC- 1 BC- 2 RC- 1 RC Sep- 15 ph Station

43 Phytoremediation as an adaptation strategy Implications: Seaweed photosynthesis sufficient to buffer acidification Integrated multitrophic aquaculture could increase shellfish growth rate today Mitigate eutrophication, hypoxia, and acidification simultaneously Future directions: Further quantification of size and magnitude of halo Relate to directly to biomass in situ (how much kelp?) Understand important of timing of harvest Wild- harvested species and carbon removal?

44 Rockweed harvest = stimulation of CO 2 absorption?

45 Put science to work!

46 Acknowledgements Susie Arnold, Island Institute Paul Dobbins, Ocean Approved David Fields, Valerie Young and Nicole Poulton (Bigelow REU Program) Tim Pinkham and Matthew Wade (Bigelow Facilities) Fred Short and Hilary Neckles (Eelgrass collections) Joe Salisbury, Amy Wyeth (Alkalinity titrations)