Astana City. Fig.- The Republic of Kazakhstan

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1 Feasibility Studies on Climate Change Mitigation Projects for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) Feasibility StudyonPower Generation Utilizing BiogasfromSewage Sludge and Organic WastesinKazakhstan Astana City Fig.-The Republic of Kazakhstan 1

2 Nazarbayev Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan Interagency Commission on ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and implementation of RK s obligations under UNFCCC Ministry of Economy, Minister IACCC Chairman Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Protection, Minister Deputy Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources M inistry o f Fo reign Affairs Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of Justice Agency of Strategic Planning Ministry of Finance Observers NGO representatives Parliament representatives Representatives of donor countries and organizations Representatives of business Members are the time of establishment Coordination Center on Climate Change (Working body) WORKING GROUPS Inventory and monitoring of GHG sinks and sources Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Measures Transfer and Introduction of Technologies Development of regulatory basis Inter na tio na l N e gotiatio n Process Energy sector energy-saving and efficiency, alternative energy sources Non-energy sector Industry, Land-use, etc. Introduction of flexible market mechanisms and JI projects Strategy, microeconomic analyses and GHG emission forecast Fig.-Structure on GHG 2

3 Fig. Changes in GHG emissions from 1992 to Ministry of Environmental Protection Department of Environmental Protection Organization chart on sewage treatment and waste disposal in Astana Ministry of Health Control Environment Consignment Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Plant Study Department of Public Welfare Gorkommunhoz Solid Waste Disposal Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Information Collection Astana City Governor Department of Energy & Water resources Astana Su Arnasy Wastewater Treatment Consignment Department of Sanitary Control Control Sanitary JI-determination Subcontract 3

4 Astana Water Supply and Sewerage Project (hereinafter referred to as JBIC project) was 4

5 System Flow Sewage Water Inflow Pump Pre-treatment First Sedimentation Tank Aeration Tank Final Sedimentation Tank Outlet Pump Effluent Idea Collected Wastes Sewage Plant 1 After collected Combusted by boiler Wastes are landfilled and produced Methane fermentation by all together, LFG is flared sewage sludge Used for power generation by 2 landfilled generator 3 Wastes are landfilled and produced Combusted by boiler Methane fermentation by LFG is utilized for power generation at sewage sludge Used for power generation by 4 the landfill site generator 5 Wastes are landfilled and produced Combusted by boiler Methane fermentation by LFG is supplied to other facilities than sewage sludge Used for power generation by 6 the landfill site generator 7 Disposed by Organic wastes gathered through Combusted by boiler Methane fermentation by other methods sorted collection or from factories are sewage sludge Used for power generation by 8 than landfill used to produce compost generator 9 Combusted by boiler Methane fermentation by Flammable wastes are incinerated. sewage sludge Used for power generation by 10 generator 11 Organic wastes gathered through Methane fermentation by Combusted by boiler sorted collection or from factories are sewage sludge and organic Used for power generation by 12 transported to the sewage plant wastes generator Gravity Mechanical Digestion Dehydrator SludgeDisposal (Dehydrated cake) JBIC Project (Heat Gas Holder Gas Boiler Project boundary Facilities to be installed Raw Gas Holder Generator (Power Generation) Fig. Projectboundary Receiving Garbage Separator Digestion Dehydrator Sludge Disposal (dehydrated cake) Generated electric power by the project 5

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7 Landfill Site Organic wastes are collected all together and landfilled Discharge of uncollectible LFG to the atmosphere LFG Wastes Landfill Site Sewage Plant Landfill Site LFG Waste Landfill Site Sewage Plant Sewage Sludge Sewage sludge landfilled, After collected, LFG is; Flaredor Used for power generation at the landfill site or Supplied as gas to others Transported all together Organic Wastes Organic wastes are not transported Wastes Organic, Inorganic After collected, methane gas produced by fermentation of sewage sludge is; Combusted by boiler or Used for biogas power generation Organic wastes are disposed by other methods than landfill Organic wastes Gathered through sorted collection or from food factories Organic Wastes or Organic wastes are; Used to make compost Incinerated as flammable wastes Cofermentation of organic wastes and sewage sludge After collected, methane gas is; Combusted by boiler or Used for biogas power generation Landfill site Wastes are collected all together and landfilled Discharge of uncollectible LFG to the atmosphere LFG Waste Landfill Site Sewage plant Sewage Sludge After collected, LFG is flared Transported all together Wastes Organic, Inorganic After collected, methane gas produced by fermentation of sewage sludge is combusted by boiler. Fig.-8 fermented with produced methane gas combusted at a boiler. Scenario 1 is; all wastes are collected together, then with produced methane gas (hereinafter referred to as LFG) flared. Sewage sludge is anaerobically is;. 7

8 P-1 Inflow of sewage water Sewage Water Inflow Pump Pre-treatment First Sedimentation Tank Aeration Tank Final Sedimentation Tank Outlet Pump Effluent LFG Landfill site Gravity Thicker Mechanical Thicker Digestion Tank Dehydrator SludgeDisposal (Dehydrated cake) B-1 Amount of organic wastes Proportion of organic wastes B-2 Amount of landfill gas collected JBIC Project Gas Holder Gas Boiler Boiler (Heat Utilization Facilities to be installed P-4 Calorific value of methane gas P-3Concentration of methane gas Gas Holder Generator (Power Generation) Fig. Outline P-11Number of trucks for transport of organic wastes P-5 Amount of organic wastes transported Raw Garbage Receiving Hopper Garbage Grinder Separator Digestion Tank Dehydrator Sludge Disposal (dehydrated cake) P-2 Generated output by Biogas Other items to be monitored P-6 Power source configuration P-7Consumption of each fuel P-8 Generated output P-9 Emission coefficient of electricity P-10 Legislations L-1 Number of trucks L-2 Mileage of trucks L-3 Calorific value of light oil of 8

9 Possible environmental impact Noise and vibration by installation of gas engines Exhaust gas from gas engine Odor at the time of organic waste transport Problem and countermeasures Noise and vibration will be small as several small engines are installed inside the plant. Identification and assessment of environmental impacts should be made. However, as gas engines are small with little amount of emissions, additional countermeasures are considered unnecessary. It can be solved by such devices as deodorizing equipment Astanaenergo Astana Su Arnasy which has managed sewage treatment and Gorkommunhoz which has managed solid wastes. Both companies have expressed their interest in the project, however further approaches are needed to deepen their understanding about the project toward its materialization. Astana city authorities Loan Permissions Dividends Equity JIprocedure CO2-Credit Repayment Land Infrastructure Surplus O&MContract Biogas Power power/ heat Astana Su Arnasy Astana Energo Company ASA Purchase Service Power/heat SPC agreement Supply agreement EPC Contract Parts supply agreement Gorkommunhoz Sponsor Tohoku Electric, etc. Organic waste supply agreement EPC Contractor Bank Syndicate ECA commercial banks Fig.-10 an example of conceivable schemes for the biogas power generation project 9

10 Astana Su Arnasy(ASA) Gorkommunhoz 10

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