The origin of Carbon Monoxide in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone. Laboratoire d Aérologie

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "The origin of Carbon Monoxide in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone. Laboratoire d Aérologie"

Brent Wilson
5 years ago
Views:

1 The origin of Carbon Monoxide in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone GEOS-Chem / FLEXPART and IASI / IAGOS observations Brice Barret B. Sauvage, A. Fontaine and Y. Bennouna Laboratoire d Aérologie Toulouse, France

Documentation of the AMA composition Satellites (MLS/ACE/MIPAS/AIRS/MOPITT) Global coverage and

scale and inter-annual variabilities, transport pathways to the stratosphere Low vertical resolution

(CARIBIC): Asia to Europe routes Many species (CO, O3, CH3CN, NOy, NMHCs ) Type of pollution

2 Documentation of the AMA composition Satellites (MLS/ACE/MIPAS/AIRS/MOPITT) Global coverage and Multi-annual datasets => Isolation of the AMA with high pollutant (CO, HCN) concentrations Large scale and inter-annual variabilities, transport pathways to the stratosphere Low vertical resolution / sensitivity to clouds Limb sounders limited to UT (Park et al., 2009) Airborne obs. (CARIBIC): Asia to Europe routes Many species (CO, O3, CH3CN, NOy, NMHCs ) Type of pollution (biofuel, urban/industrial) age of the air parcels Low flights frequency (2/month) Limited altitude range (>200 hpa) (Baker et al., 2011)

3 CO budget within the AMA Global scale: IASI observations of CO in the troposphere and UTLS GEOS-Chem CTM SWJ => budget of CO inside and outside of the AMA AMA Asian UT: IAGOS AMA 600 flights FLEXPART lagrangian model TEJ CO, NOx CO, NOx => Origin of CO in the lower part of the AMA Monsoon flow

profiles + LIS-OTD rescaling BB: GFED-3 inventory Anthropogenic: EDGAR + regional inventories (STREETS, BRAVO, EMEP ) Linearized

4 IASI and GEOS-Chem Chemistry transport model x ~ 2 x2.5 z ~ 0.1 to 1 km Assimilated Meteorology (NASA GMAO) Convection: Arakawa Schubert scheme O 3 -NO x -VOC chemistry Li-NOx: CTH + injection profiles + LIS-OTD rescaling BB: GFED-3 inventory Anthropogenic: EDGAR + regional inventories (STREETS, BRAVO, EMEP ) Linearized stratospheric chemistry (LINOZ) Metop/IASI observations nadir FTS / thermal IR (Metop-A ) overpass twice daily / 12 km pixel CO retrievals with 2 pieces of information in lower troposphere (750 hpa) UTLS (200 hpa)

5 GEOS-Chem versus IASI: CO Latitude-Pressure cross section < E> GEOS-Chem May 16 N Pressure (hpa) 29 N Jul. Oct. 18 N Latitude ( N)

6 GEOS-Chem versus IASI: CO Latitude-Pressure cross section < E> GEOS-Chem GEOS-Chem x AvK May Pressure (hpa) 16 N 29 N Jul. Oct. 18 N Latitude ( N)

7 GEOS-Chem versus IASI: CO Latitude-Pressure cross section < E> GEOS-Chem GEOS-Chem x AvK IASI GEOS-Chem / MOZAIC at Hyderabad (17 N) May Pressure (hpa) 16 N 29 N Jul. Oct. 18 N Latitude ( N)

8 CO budget with GEOS-Chem Emission regions for GEOS-Chem sensitivity tests East Asia South Asia South-East Asia

9 AMA 3D boundaries AMA = PV or GH anomaly which depends on altitude/pressure level need to define an anomaly that is not altitude dependent 100 hpa GH = GH - <GH> 50S-50N GH = m GH = 270 m 150 hpa GH = m Inside AMA GH > 270 m 200 hpa GH = m GH (m)

not collocated with emissions South Asia Largest contribution

10 AMA CO budget East Asia South Asia Jun. CO (ppbv) June Jul-Aug Sept 5 0 AMA Out AMA Out East Asia South Asia Pressure (hpa) Longitude ( E) Jul. Sep. East Asia Lower contribution Inside ~ outside AMA => Convection not collocated with emissions South Asia Largest contribution Inside AMA > outside AMA => Convection collocated with emissions (Barret et al., ACPD, 2016)

MOZAIC - IAGOS programs in-situ measurements from AIRBUS aircrafts since

years of NOy to come: cloud droplets, aerosols, GHG, NOx and NOy IAGOS:

5 aircrafts 4500 flights since July 2011 600 flights with valid AMA CO for

11 MOZAIC - IAGOS programs in-situ measurements from AIRBUS aircrafts since 1994 tropospheric profiles + UTLS 21 years of O 3 /H 2 O, 13 years of CO, 5 years of NOy to come: cloud droplets, aerosols, GHG, NOx and NOy IAGOS: starts July 2011 with max. 5 aircrafts 4500 flights since July flights with valid AMA CO for Europe East Asia Vienna/Frankfurt Taipei/Hong-Kong ~ 60 Flights Europe Vienna/Frankfurt ~ 450 Flights India Madras/Mumbai

12 IAGOS data within the AMA India - Europe East Asia - Europe Pressure range used : hpa

13 Asian UT CO variability Seasonal latitudinal transects India-Europe flights CO (ppbv) FMAM (187 flights) JJAS (153 flights) ONDJ (102 flights) CO PV 1 PVU / 80 ppbv 24 N 37 N 26 N PV (PVU) Latitude ( N) 1PVU - 80 ppbv CO => boundary between tropical and midlatitude air masses Pre and post-monsoon ~25 N Monsoon 37 N

lower CO than 2012 and 2013 JJAS 2012 JJAS 2013 JJAS

14 Asian UT CO variability Monthly mean CO in AMA region [24-36 N E] Asian Monsoon High CO / low PV 2014 = lower CO than 2012 and 2013 JJAS 2012 JJAS 2013 JJAS 2014 Data availability 5 to 35 flights /month less data in 2014

15 Methodology to determine the origin of CO 20 (20d)

16 Methodology to determine the origin of CO 20 (20d) Middle East Central+East Asia South Asia

East = negligible (no convection) Latitude ( N) AMA => PV < 1 PVU Good agreement between obs and model for AMA

17 CO budget within the AMA India Europe JJAS transect (153 flights) CO IAGOS IAGOS- 20d contrib CO- 20d contrib High CO between 15 and 40 N 20 days contribution explains enhancement => convection S Asia = largest contribution Middle East = negligible (no convection) Latitude ( N) AMA => PV < 1 PVU Good agreement between obs and model for AMA enhancement CO (ppbv) June Jul-Aug Sept. AMA Out AMA Out AMA-Out AMA-Out East Asia South Asia Model IAGOS

CO budget within the AMA East-Asia Europe JJAS transect (26 flights) CO IAGOS IAGOS- 20d contrib High CO between 50-115 E 20 days

18 CO budget within the AMA East-Asia Europe JJAS transect (26 flights) CO IAGOS IAGOS- 20d contrib High CO between E 20 days contribution explains enhancement => convection S Asia = largest contribution CO- 20d contrib East Asia = important on the eastern part (underestimated?) Longitude ( E) Ind-Eu EAsia-Eu JJAS Consistent with India-Europe EAsian contribution + 5 ppbv Good agreement between obs and model for AMA enhancement CO (ppbv) AMA Out AMA Out AMA-Out AMA-Out East Asia South Asia Model IAGOS

19 CO budget within the AMA Comparisons between the 2 methods CO (ppbv) Ind - Eur EAsia - Eur GEOS - Chem JJAS 0 AMA Out AMA Out AMA-Out AMA-Out East Asia South Asia Model IAGOS AMA: good agreement between GEOS-Chem and FLEXPART method Out: GEOS-Chem > twice larger than FLEXPART => AMA definition different: 3D with GC and along UT flight with FLEXPART

Conclusions Global scale: GEOS-Chem: good representation of CO variations and

contribution to CO in the AMA twice larger than East-Asian:

Asian emissions have a contribution to CO in the AMA almost twice larger than

(AMA-Out) Perspectives IAGOS: High frequency => intraseasonal variability O 3

20 Conclusions Global scale: GEOS-Chem: good representation of CO variations and AMA maximum IASI detects enhanced convective CO during the ASM South-Asian contribution to CO in the AMA twice larger than East-Asian: emissions/convection/ama IAGOS Seasonal variations of CO in the Asian UT South Asian emissions have a contribution to CO in the AMA almost twice larger than East Asian emissions FLEXPART- (20d CO) and IAGOS in good agreement for (AMA-Out) Perspectives IAGOS: High frequency => intraseasonal variability O 3 => O 3 /CO/PV relationship inside/outside of the AMA UT transects during Strato- Clim 13 Aug Aug. 2012

22 CO budget within the AMA Contribution of Fires India Europe JJAS transect (153 flights) East-Asia Europe JJAS transect (26 flights) Latitude ( E) Longitude ( E)