Bioenergy : Key tool for Sustainable Society (Korean. 02_Sustainable-energy-symposium-Sapporo-Dr.-Lee).pdf. Instructions for use

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1 Title Bioenergy : Key tool for Sustainable Society (Korean Author(s)Lee, Jin-Suk Issue Date Doc URL Type conference presentation Note 環境 エネルギー国際シンポジウム : 持続可能な未来へ低炭素社会と再生可能エネルギー 年 11 ( 火 ). 北海道大学学術交流会館講堂. 札幌. File Information 02_Sustainable-energy-symposium-Sapporo-Dr.-Lee).pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Aca

2 Bioenergy: Key tool for Sustainable Society (Korean Experiences) Jin-Suk Lee

3 Agenda I. Introduction II. Bioenergy Experiences in Korea - Biogas - Biodiesel - Wood Pellets III. Other Issues IV. Summary

4 I. Introduction

5 Advantages of Bioenergy (Y. Matsumura, 2008) - Sustainable Energy - CO 2 neutral

6 OECD Primary Energy Demand (IEA, WEO 2012)

7 II. Bioenergy Experiences in Korea

8 Energy Situation in Korea (MKE, 2008)

9 Optimum Energy Mix Consideration factors: Economy and Environment 1. Optimum energy mix (consideratio Economic Economic & Environmental $ / TOE 596 Petroleum factor Coal n factors) Petroleum 109 Coal 393 LNG 174 Nuclear 811 Renewable LNG Nuclear Carbon Ton / TOE Renewable Petroleum Coal LNG Nuclear Renewable Environmental factor

10 Key Barriers for Realization of Sustainable Society in Korea Climate Change Energy (Oil) Crisis Bio-Energy Rural Development

11 Targets for Renewable Energy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008) x 5.1 Renewable energy : 6.24 x 10 6 TOE x 10 6 TOE Bioenergy x 14.8 : 0.68 x 10 6 TOE x 10 6 TOE

12 Targets for Bioenergy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008) Target for bioenergy supply in 2030 X10 3 toe Bio-Power Bio-Heat Possible Supply with available biomass Transport Biofuels

13 Priority for Bioenergy in Korea Utilization of Organic Wastes (Biogas, Waste fats) Transport Biofuels Unutilized Resources (Agricultural and Forest Residues)

14 Current Status of Bioenergy Supply (KEMCO, 2009) ー ~ Sol j d

15 Challenges for Bioenergy Supply High cost of bioenergy Limited biomass resources in Korea Low stakeholder-group acceptance of transport biofuels

16 Feed-in tariffs for Biopower Maximum Capacity Capacity Compensation rates, $/kwh Minimum Baseline Compensation Feed-in Tariffs Remarks 20MW SMP LFG Biogas 50MW 20MW SMP kW SMP kW SMP Fossil fuel lower than 30% Biopower Wood SMP+0.004

17 Biogas from Food Wastes Korean food waste takes about 30% of total organic wastes (6.6million ton/year). The water content of food waste is about 90%. Because of the characteristics, it is difficult to treat the waste by conventional technologies like land filling or incineration. KIER developed a two-phase anaerobic digestion process in which acidic fermentation and methane formation were done in separate reactors. The technology was found to be quite effective for the treatment of Korean food waste. After a series of test runs, the technology was commercialized. Two full scale commercial plants have been constructed to treat food waste and produce methane. The research for the electricity generation using methane was finished in 2008.

18 Two-phase Anaerobic Digestion ~ Compos t ~ 唾圃 e:.

19 Paju Biogas Plant (110 tons/day) : 30 (tons/day) food waste : 50/60 (tons/day) food waste/ manure - 4,800 m 3 /day - 600kW E.G.

20 LFG Power Generation in Busan - Busan Sangkog Landfill - Capacity : 6MW

21 Biogas from Waste Manure (Demo) - Location : Mojun, Kyunggido, Korea - Swine manure : 20 tons/day - Process : 2 stage UASB treatment after solid removal - Biogas : 250m 3 /day max. (30kW micro-gas engine) - Fund : $1 mil.

22 Transport Biofuels from Waste Organic wastes Anaerobic Digestion Biogas Energy Use CO 2 Food waste, Cattle manure, Sludge <Cattle Manure> <CHP> <Transport Biofuel> <Co-digestion>

23 Tax Exemption on Biodiesel Began in 2002 as demonstration project. Biodiesel is used 1.5% in 2009, and 3.0% in 2012 of total diesel consumption % increases in each year BD5 is commercialized in Korea in 2006, marked as the first country in Asia. BD20 is limited on the vehicles enabling to repair in their own facilities due to the technological problems Mix Target 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% Long Term 5.0% Tax Incentives Feedstock Infrastructure Feasibility Study of Multifeedstock Exemption Tax Exemption Support Demo Plantation of Rapeseed Review of Dissemination Quality & Technology Standard Reinforcement The development of low-cost high-efficient biodiesel production technology

24 Biodiesel Distribution in Korea BD5 is subject to diesel fuel specification, and supplied only by refiners. Bus and truck company can use BD20 with their own accord. BD100 BD5 BD5 Biodiesel Suppliers (21 companies in 2009) * 900,000kL/yr Refiners (4 refiners ) Gas Station Customer 1) 10% during winter season(11/1~3/13) BD20 1) Bus, truck and construction equipment operators who are equipped with certified storage tank and self-repair shop

25 Feedstocks for Biodiesel in Korea (Korea Bioenergy Association, 2013)

26 Solid Biomass Utilization in Korea ー ~ 也 司

27 Demand for wood pellets in Korea

28 Strategy for Securing Stable Supply of Feedstocks Utilization of Available Biomass (Organic wastes, Agricultural/Forest residues) Identification and New Biomass (Aquatic biomass, Energy crops Utilization of Foreign Biomass (Plantation residues) Stable Supply of Feedstocks for Transport biofuels

29 Demonstration Cultivation of Rapessed (RDA Bioenergy Center, 2008) Sunmang Halla

30 III. Other Issues

31 Issues for RE Implementation Map of RE sources Financial deficit

32 Map of Renewable Energy Resources (New & Renewable Energy Data Center, RE Potential, x 10 6 Solar Thermal PV Biomass Geothermal 22,054 Gcal/yr 2560 GW/yr 12.6 Gcal/yr 11.4 ktoe

33 Map of Biomass Resources (New & Renewable Energy Data Center, ~ ~ ~ を 1 畠 ~9

34 RPS Effective in Korea from 2012 Accelerates the implementation of renewable enrgy Impose quota for each renewable energy Total installed capacity 1,914 MW

35 RFS in Korea START REVIEWⅠ REVIEWⅡ Scenario 1 [BD2] BD2.5 BD2.5 BD3.0 BD3.5 BD4 BD4.5 BD5 Demonstration supply of E3 E3 E3 E4 E5 BD7 E7 Scenario 2 [BD2] BD2.5 BD2.5 BD2.5 BD3 BD3 BD3.5 BD4 Demonstration supply of E3 E3 E3 E3 E4 BD5 E5 - Introduction of E3 - Biogas? - Introduction of biogas Scenario 1 is effective from September, 2015!

36 IV. Summary Korean supporting policy for renewable energy implementation is changed from Subsidy to Mandatory (RPS (2012), RFS (2015) and RHO (2016)) Bioenergy will play a key role for realizing the sustainable society in Korea Securing stable supply of the feedstocks will be the most challenging issue Organic wastes and energy crops may be the promising candidates as the feedstocks for bioenergy production

37 Thank you for your kind attention! For questions, 36