Uma. V Embassy Public School

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1 Uma. V Embassy Public School

2 Contents Introduction Need for renewable energy Sources of renewable energy Advantages of renewable energy Forms of renewable energy Sun, our saviour

3 Introduction Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work Can take a wide variety of forms. Energy is required to: Power our cars Produce plastics Pesticides and fertilizers Make medical devices

4 Non Renewable energy The energy comes from fossil fuels primarily coal, oil, and natural gas. All three were formed on Earth about 360 million years ago during the Carboniferous Period and long before the age of the dinosaurs

5 Renewable Energy Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible.

6 Need Has caused more environmental damage than any other human activity Resulted in many problems today such as ozone depletion and global warming To continue to grow as a nation and maintain our lifestyle, we need to find and harness new energy resources and find better ways of using them.

7 Sources Many renewable energy resources are driven ultimately by the sun and locally by the weather. Main sources of renewable energy include: Wind energy Wave (Tidal) energy Hydro (Rain) energy Solar energy Assessment of these renewable resources must consider their availability (i.e weather and climate)

8 Advantages Cause less emissions and hence reduce pollution Available locally Stand out as a viable source of clean and limitless energy Renewables can offer power during peak demand periods Respond rapidly to demand growth Reduce the risk of higher costs fueled by environmental regulations

9 Renewable energy This presentation covers the following sources of energy which are very important and relevant to today s world. Water Hydel Energy. Ocean Energy Wave energy Tidal Energy Thermal Energy Wind (Wind Energy) Earth Geo-Thermal Energy Biomass Sun (Solar Energy)

10 Hydel Energy Disadvantages Advantages: Silting up of rivers Fuel is cheap Breeding place for bacteria No transportation cost The increase of water level Environment friendly causes flooding of land. The increase in water level can promote Floods cause destruction of habitat recreational activities such as kayaking and soil erosion on the watershed's and fishing. wall. The higher level of water gives a better A habitat hydro for dam fish can to grow also and be live a potential time bomb for cities located downstream Energy in the flowing water can be used to produce electricity Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Tidal Wave Therma

11 Ocean Energy (Wave, Tidal, Ocean Thermal) Ocean energy covers a series of emerging technologies that use the power of ocean currents, waves, and tides to create energy. While very few of these technologies have been implemented on a commercial scale, they show much promise for future development. Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Tidal Wave Thermal

12 Tidal Energy Advantages: Disadvantages Once Tidal you've power built plants it, tidal power is impedes free sea life Produces migrationo greenhouse gases or other waste Silt build-ups Needs no fuel Construction costs are Produces electricity reliably high Not expensive to maintain Tides are totally predictable Caused by gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and rotation of the earth Tidal power technologies include: Barrage or dam Tidal fence Tidal turbine Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Tidal Wave Thermal

13 Wave Energy Ocean waves are caused by the wind as it blows across the sea. Waves are a powerful source of energy. Disadvantage: Advantages: Depends Not expensive on the waves, to operate and sometimes maintain we ll get loads of energy, sometimes nothing Can produce a great deal of Needs a suitable site, where energy waves are consistently strong Some The energy designs is are free noisy no fuel needed, no waste produced Must be able to withstand very rough weather Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Tidal Wave Thermal

14 Ocean Thermal Energy Advantages: Disadvantage: Produces baseload electrical Pollution energy can be caused if intermediate Helps produce chemicals fuels such leak as into the ocean hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol OTEC Produces plants desalinated can alter and water maybe for damage industrial, the agricultural, surrounding and ecosystem residential uses Other technical difficulties like degradation Is resource of heat for on-shore exchanger and nearshore mariculture by dissolved operations gases, performance improper Provides sealing air-conditioning etc for buildings Ocean thermal energy conversion, or OTEC, is a way to generate electricity using the temperature difference of seawater at different depths Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Tidal Wave Thermal

15 Wind Energy Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power Advantages: Disadvantage: Noisy Clean and non-polluting Cheap Can kill electricity birds Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean The Suitable wind for is not less always sunny predictable regions Simple Suitable technology areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where land is The land beneath can usually expensive still be used for farming Can affect television reception

16 Geothermal Energy Disadvantage: Advantages: Sometimes Non-polluting a geothermal and hence does site may not contribute "run out of to steam" greenhouse effect Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, Power stations does not take up and can be difficult to safely dispose of much room Not many places where we can build a geothermal No fuel needed power station. Hot rocks of suitable Continuous, type is non-interruptible necessary, at a depth where energy we source can drill down to them Geothermal energy - heat from the earth - is an important energy source having environmental and economic advantages over fossil and nuclear energy sources Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Geothermal Biomass

17 Biomass Advantages: Disadvantage: Waste Collecting materials waste can in be used sufficient quantities can be difficult Fuel is cheap Burning of fuel Less demand on Earth s causes greenhouse resources gases Expensive Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities It is derived from numerous sources, including the byproducts from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and wood. Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Geothermal Biomass

18 3E Expectations Economy Environment Create new jobs in rural areas Reduce cash outflow for energy Increase capital investment in the state Reduce air pollutants Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Improves public health Energy Reduces transportation problems Hedge against natural gas and hydro power price

19 SUN Our Energy Challenge!!! 165,000 TW of sunlight hit the earth every day Water Hydel Wind Earth Sun Ocean Geotherma Biomass

20 Get Set.. Technology! WHY?? Solar energy required for approximately people in the next few decades Energy needs to be much cheaper and more efficient Currently solar conversion technologies have bottlenecks We simply cannot do with current technology HOW?? NANOTECHNOLOGY

21 Nanotechnology Nano material offer the ability to get good light absorption in flexible formats Storage Interpenetrating networks on the nanoscale offer the opportunity to get high performance charge collection from low Conversion cost materials To obtain extremely high efficiency systems Capture Goal is to collect energy from all of the wavelengths of sunlight, not their least common denominator Storage Conversion Capture 100 nm- e - h µm Nano material offer novel processes that can allow this to be done Storage Conversion Capture

22 Sun, our saviour Nano offers the opportunity to tailor light capture, conversion, and storage, and interfaces with our increasing ability to span length and time scales both theoretically and experimentally Solar energy to be the best renewable source of energy

23

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