Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Transcription

1 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) 2011 Lockheed Martin Corporation Robert Varley Lockheed Martin OTEC Program Manager (703) Laurie Meyer Lockheed Martin OTEC Chief Technologist (703) Dennis Cooper Lockheed Martin OTEC Business Manager (703)

2 LM Energy Business Portfolio IS&GS Electronic Systems Aeronautics Space Systems Efficiency & Management Renewable & Alternative Power Generation Monitoring & Mitigation Efficiency Business Utility Technical & Engineering Services Smart Grid IT & Business Services Smart Grid Hanford Site M&O Savannah River Labs Sandia National Labs Solar (CSP & PV) Ocean Thermal Wave Biomass/Biofuels Fuel Cells Nuclear Command & Control Systems Microgrids Storage & Advanced Material Technologies Aircraft Energy Technology Military Fuel Efficiency Advanced Biofuels Skunk Works Advanced R&D Space Based Climate Monitoring Exploration Terrestrial-Based Climate Monitoring Space Solar Power Exploration Advanced Concepts R&D 2

3 Ocean Thermal Energy The Resource The Process Large Renewable Energy Source At least 3-5 Terawatts (~30% Global Energy)* Base Load Power Available 24/7 Energy Security A Secure Energy Source * A Preliminary Assessment of OTEC Resources ASME 3/2007 Climate Friendly No Emissions Surface vs Deep Water Temperature Delta A New Clean Renewable 24/7 Energy Source 3

4 Why OTEC? $130M / Yr SAVES 1.3M Barrels Oil / Yr ($100 / Barrel) $15M / Yr Each 100MW OTEC Plant 0.5M Tons CO 2 / Yr ($30 / Ton Carbon Credit) Potential For New Energy Resource 4 4

5 OTEC Vision Seed Funding For Pilot Plant Electric Utility Market Transportation Fuels Market Pilot Plant 10MW OTEC PLANTS Small Island markets 100MW+ OTEC COMMERCIAL PLANTS 400MW+ OTEC OPEN OCEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION PLANTS Ammonia Hydrogen Synthetic Fuels OTEC is Poised to be a Global Energy Resource 5

6 The OTEC Market A New Secure Renewable Energy Source For Defense and Commercial Applications West Africa East Africa Taiwan India China Okinawa Japan Guam Hawaii Florida & Gulf Puerto Rico Marshall Islands Kwajalein American Samoa Central & South America Diego Garcia Australia Near Term Market Focus (5 to 10 year period) Targeted Near-term Market with Substantial Upside Potential 6 6

7 OTEC History OTEC History Conceived in Late 1800s; First Tested in 1900s; Implemented in 2000s 7

8 OTEC Roadmap Phase Risk Reduction Pilot Plant Utility Scale Commercial / Small Island Plants Technologies Performance Environmental Cost / Schedule Operations & Maintenance Commercial Market Larger Scale Plants (>100MW) Private Financing Cold Water Pipe Fabrication & Interface Heat Exchanger Pilot Plant and Concept Development Center Small Island Market Smaller Scale Plants (~10MW) Gov t / Private Partnerships Universities and Research Laboratories Pilot Plant Key to Commercialization 8

9 Getting a Feel for an OTEC Plant 10MW Pilot Plant 55m x 55m platform hull SYSTEM PARAMETERS Cold Water Intake Velocity: 2.6 m/s Cold Water Flow: 4,200 gallon / sec Warm Water Intake Depth: 20 m Warm Water Intake Velocity:0.15 m/s Water Discharge Depth: 50 m Warm Water Flow: 6,100 gallon / sec Heat Exchangers: m x 2.5m x 10m 9m diameter x 80m long OTEC power modules 4m diameter x 1000m long Cold Water Pipe 9

10 OTEC System Block Diagram 10

11 Key Technology Focus Areas 11

12 OTEC Risk Reduction & Design Activities 12

13 Navy s Interest Navy's long term objective to commercialize OTEC technology to permit purchase of power and water from privately developed facility at cost effective rates Navy s near term objective to support technical efforts that reduce overall system developmental risks for critical components and subsystems Multi-phased project structured to support commercialization and future acquisition of energy from OTEC systems at Diego Garcia and other Navy locations 13

14 Offshore Platform Advancements OTEC Operating Depths Proven platforms and installation methods (anchors, moorings, risers) Proven dynamic and static power cables at OTEC compatible ratings (depths, voltages) Validated complex modeling and prediction of coupled dynamic responses Advanced Model Basin capability for early concept validation OTEC operating depths are well within the capabilities and experience of today s offshore industry 14

15 OTEC Platform Semi-Submersible Based on oil-field practice Low motion enables CWP fabrication on-site Ideal for CWP & Undersea Power Cable support Large deck area Accommodates removable power modules (Remoras) 15

16 Notional 100 MW Hull Configuration (2008) Hull is semi submersible OTEC Power Modules are Separate, detachable units called Remoras Outboard Profile Semi Submersible Hull OTEC Power Modules, Remoras (HX, Pumps) Pontoon Level Deck 16

17 100MW Platform and Cold Water Pipe (Commercial Platform) Semi Submersible OTEC Module (Remora) Mooring Line (Polyester) Cold Water Pipe (10m Dia) Topsides Weight: 9,091 mt Hull Weight: 5,864 mt Hull Draft: 20 m Column Spacing: 56 m Column Diameter: m No. of Mooring Lines: 12 Remora Draft: 60 m Remora Diameter: 20 m Total Displacement: 192,381 mt Displ. Semi Only: 37,513 mt 17

18 The OTEC Cold Water Pipe (CWP) The Pipe In-Situ Fabrication Cold Water Pipe Parameters 10MW Pipe 4m x 1,000m 100MW Pipe 10m x 1,000m Fabrication on Platform Eliminates Major CWP Deployment Risk 18

19 CWP Progress Fabric Dispensing & Guidance System Pipe Molding Region Shear Key & Pipe Core Assembly DOE Cooperative Agreement Successfully Completed 19

20 Aluminum HX Challenges in OTEC Challenge Technology Benefits Results Corrosion Corrosion Resistance Lower cost than Titanium HX Cost Novel Manufacturing Methods Faster Manufacturing Process Cost Reduction over Current Processes Addressing the Key OTEC HX Cost Drivers 20

21 Hx Test Facilities Thermal Duty Capacity: kw Fluid Flow: 1-6 liters/sec Temperatures: 5-8C and 24-30C Working Fluid: R410A Small Turbine Installed to Generate Power Thermal Duty Capacity : 1-4 MW Fluid Flow : liters/sec 900m Deep and Surface Seawater Working Fluid: Ammonia Capacity to Test 3 HX Pairs Corrosion Tests With Various Alloys Ongoing At NELHA Corrosion Testing Underway the Past 2 Years 21

22 Heat Exchanger Test Facility at NELHA Initial Thermal Performance matches expectations 22

23 OTEC Market Entry Convergence Availability (temp gradient) Oil Dependent Markets - Price of Crude - Availability / Security factors - Customer Price Tolerance (near term) Early Commercial Markets - Hawaii - Guam - Puerto Rico - Japan Limited other renewable sources 100 MW Plant Opportunities ~10 MW Plant Opportunities Early DoD Markets - Hawaii - Guam - Kwajalein - Diego Garcia - Okinawa OTEC Entry Strategy Focus on 4-5 Markets 23

24 First OTEC 100MW CAPEX OTEC Payload OTEC Platform and Installation $800M $700M Cost ($) Design to Cost Key Parameters Heat Exchangers $3.5 / W Cold Water Pipe $60M Total 100MW CAPEX Cost Estimated at $1.5B 24

25 OTEC Economics Favor Large Plants Cost of Electricity ( / kwh) CAPEX Costs ($M) First OTEC Plant Economic at Large Size 25

26 Renewable Energy Cost Trends cost of energy in constant 2005$ 1 Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office ( 1 These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data. DRAFT November

27 Business Observations Large Scale OTEC plants (100MW greater) are cost competitive in markets highly dependent on petroleum for electrical generation by 2020 OTEC is long-term large opportunity OTEC CAPEX costs will decrease over time and capacity will increase opening other markets Other factors which might increase OTEC competitiveness GHG penalties Premiums for clean, renewable, baseload stable power Investment and Production credits 27

28 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Features Standard Rankine cycle technology Scalable up to 500MWe or more Deployable over large geographic area OTEC can produce fresh water Can provide energy carriers and other products Benefits Reliable, base load power for utilities. Nonpolluting Can create ~ 3,425 jobs / 100 MW plant Export technology Will not compete for water resources Avoid visual impacts with offshore locations Does not crowd out valuable land uses Solves many critical energy challenges OTEC Has Significant Benefits as a Clean Energy Solution 28

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