Operating the NPP with Hydro Thermal Coordination in a Complex Power System

Transcription

1 BgNS TRANSACTIONS volume 2 number () pp. 4 Operating the N with Thermal Coordination in a Complex ower System Anton Chaushevski, Tome Boshevski 2, Sofija Nikolova-oceva Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technology Skopje, Rugjer Boshkovikj 8, Skopje, Macedonia 2 Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts MANU, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje, Macedonia Abstract. The paper presents the model for power plants operation in a complex power system. According the mathematical model, the software tool can be applied for different analyses and needs of the operators of power plants or power system operators. The optimization model takes into account the minimum operating costs of thermal power units in complex power system for all period (one year). The optimization procedure is made according the power balancing between energy demand and supply for each time interval ( hour) respecting the operating and technical conditions of the units. The application of the model in this paper is for projected power system of Macedonia for the period after 22. The input parameters of the thermal units and hydro power plants are from Macedonian power system, with operation of a proposed nuclear power unit in a power system. The energy demand is according projected needs with hourly loads in a year (8). The results will be presented for selected weeks in winter and summer period of the year for hourly operation of the power plants in the power system. Keywords: power system, reservoir, reversible, hydro power plant Introduction The paper presents the model for planning the operation role of the reversible hydro power plant in a complex power system consists of thermal and hydro power plants. The application test example for the Macedonian ower System is a future projection when the hydro power complex of the Crna River will be finished. power plants Cebren and Galiste are the most significant investments in the Macedonian Energy System planned for the next decade. These two hydro power plants together with the existing H Tikves which is downstream of the new ones are enclosing the hydro power complex of Crna River. This paper gives the analysis for the role of the H Cebren and H Galiste, together with all other power plants in the ower System of Macedonia. Taking into accounts the technical parameters, the following three scenarios (cases) will be taken into consideration: H Cebren and H Galiste as the ordinary hydro power plants which operate only in turbinegeneration regime. H Cebren as a reversible hydro power plant which can operate in two regimes: pump-motor regime and turbine-generation regime, and H Galiste as ordinary hydro power plant. Both H Cebren and H Galiste as the reversible hydro power plants, which operate in two regimes: pump-motor regime and turbinegeneration regime. The analyses are done with the software tool for planning of the complex power system consists of thermal and hydro power capacities. The software tool gives few other results and values as the output of case processing, as the following ones: natural input, reservoir level, pumped water from down to upper reservoir, turbine discharge, power balance and energy balance for each time interval. 2 Model for Operation Role of Reversible H The model for operation planning of the reversible H is the upgraded of the existing model [,2] which is analytical approach of the objective function. The objective function is the total production costs for electricity generated from thermal power units. Also the model includes the constrains and conditions for water balances of the Hs, covering the electricity demand, taking into accounts for the technical parameters of the hydro and thermal units. The time period, for example one year, can be divided in intervals with a hour duration (8), or intervals with 24 hours duration (35), intervals with week duration (52), or others. The modelling of the reversible H can be done in two approaches:. Fixing the pumping water for the reversible H for each time interval. 2. Fixing the electrical energy needed for pumping regime for the whole period. The first approach with fixing the pumping water follows the power for pumping of the fixed amount of water which is the additional load of the interval 3 82 Bulgarian Nuclear Society

2 Anton Chaushevski, Tome Boshevski, Sofija Nikolova-oceva fixed pumping water Q pump m (t) m pump (t) load (t) + m pump (t) additional load. The second approach is the opposite of the first one. With fixing the total electrical energy for the whole period needed for pumping, follows the electrical power for pumping in each interval and then follows the water power for pumping: fixed electrical energy W total = pump m T t= m pump (t) t (t) Q pump (t) pumping water. The total electricity amount for pumping W total can be the import contract or other previous contract for T unit. The m pump (t) in each interval is getting in the optimization procedure for the whole power plants. The relation between power for pumping and water discharge for pumping is given by pump m (t) = 9.8Qpump m (t)(h gross + H losses ). η pump η motor The generating regime for the reversible H is the same as the others H. Also, it is very important to determine the time intervals for pumping and time intervals for generation. Following the optimization procedure for the whole power system of thermal and hydro power units; the solution is approach in the iteration procedure. m Table. Existing power plants Basin W annual [GWh] W share [%] Mavrovo Hs Crn Drim Hs Treska Hs 9 3. Crna Hs Small Hs 5 5. TOTAL Future rojection of New ower lants The planned power plants in Macedonia (Figure 2), are mainly gas fired T and H (Table 2), and also nuclear power as an option. The renewable is expected to penetrate with more installed power. Gas T 5 MW, 3 GWh, 2 units Nuclear up to MW, GWh HYDRO almost MW, 23 GWh RENEWABLE (up to GWh), Small H MW, Wind 5 MW, V 2 MW 3 Existing ower Generation System in Macedonia The power plants in Macedonia (Figure ), is dominantly lignite fired thermal power plants (T), gas fired T, an oil fired T, hydro power plants (H Table ), and in 24 starts with operation the wind farm. Lignite T 82 MW, 45 GWh, (Bitola, Oslomej) Gas T 28 MW, GWh, (TE TO Skopje, Kogel, Energetika ELEM) Oil T 2 MW, GWh, (Negotino) HYDRO 58 MW, 45 GWh and small ones Fig.2. The new planned power plants in Macedonia Figure 2. The new planned power plants in Macedonia. RENEWABLE, Wind Farm Bogandci ofsimulation 3.8 MW of power system operation after 22 Table 2. New power plants The simulation is made for projected power system of Macedonia after 22, with all exi generating system and the new power plants. The mail input parameters for simulation of Basin cases are: inst. W year Investment MW GWh mil Yearly Demand of 3 GWh Existing T Boskov Bitola Most and Gas power Radikaplants 8.2 New CH on Lukovo gas pole and Existing H, H New CrnH, Kamen Lukovo Mavrovo pole, Boskov 5 Most, 45 Galiste Crna river H Cebren, H Galiste, (conventional or reversible H) Cebren Crna river For simulation the following scenarios were under investigation: Spilje 2 Crn Drim ower System operation without Nuclear ower Vardar ower System operation with Nuclear ower lant Veles Vardar Hs in Cascade hydropower system on Crna River the Vardar valley Vardar Fig.. the existing power plants in Macedonia TOTAL Figure. The existing power plants in Macedonia. The cascade hydro power system of Crna River consists of three H, Tikves which oper over 3 years, and the planned ones, Galiste and Cebren. Tab.3 gives the main technical e projection of new power plants parameters of all three Hs, and Fig.3 shows the layout of the cascade. lanned power plants in Macedonia (Fig.2), are mainly gas fired T and H (Tab.2), so nuclear power as an option. The renewable is expected Tab.3.Technical to penetrate with parameters more of hydro power plants on Crna River 8 ed power. Qinst (m 3 /s) Hgross (m) (MW) Storage volume ( m 3 ) Gas T 5MW, 3 GWh, 2 units

3 RES. Q UM Operating the N with Thermal Coordination H in a Complex ower System 25 asl 5 Simulation of ower System Operation after 22 Table 3. Technical parameters of hydro power plantstikves on Crna H GALISTE River RES. TIKVES The simulation is made for projected power system of H TIKVES Macedonia after 22, with all existing generating system Q inst. H gross Storage volume 5 asl and the new power plants. The mail input parameters for simulation of the cases are: Cebren [m 3 /s] 3 5 [m] 4 r. CRNA [MW] 2 [ m 3 ] Yearly Demand of 3 GWh Existing T Bitola and Gas power plants New CH on gas Galiste Fig.3. Cascade hydro power plants of Crna River Tikves The simulation cases TOTAL for analyzing the operation 44 of 5 the cascade 8 in the power system of Macedonia: Case : Table Both, 4Cebren and Figure and Galiste 4 giveare theconventional results for yearly H energy generation Cebren and is reversible financial H, effect Galiste of each is conventional H (Tikves, H Galiste Existing H, New H, Lukovo pole, Boskov Most, Case 2: Case 3: Both, Cebren and Galiste are reversible H and Cebren) for all cases. Tab.4 and Fig.4 give the results for yearly energy generation and financial effect of each H H Cebren, H Galiste, (conventional (Tikves, or reversible H) Tab.4 Comparing the cases operating regimes in a year (GWh) Galiste Table and 4. Cebren) Comparing for all the cases. cases operating regimes in a year (GWh) CASE CASE CASE 2 CASE CASE 3 3 For simulation the following scenarios were under investigation: Gal Ceb conv conv Ceb conv Gal Ceb REV Gal Gal REVREV, Ceb REV Ceb REV Gen Gen ump Gen ump Gen ump Gen Gen ump ump Tikves Tikves ower System operation without Nuclear ower Galiste Galiste Cebren ower System operation with Nuclear ower Cebren lant TOTAL TOTAL ENERGY Cascade power System on Crna River ENERGY FINANCIAL FINANCIAL 99 2 The cascade hydro power system of Crna River consists of three H, Tikves which operates over 3 years, and the planned ones, Galiste and Cebren. Table 3 gives the main technical parameters of all three Hs, and Figure 3 shows the layout of the cascade. The simulation cases for analyzing the operation of the cascade in the power system of Macedonia: Case : Both, Cebren and Galiste are conventional H Case 2 : Cebren is reversible H, Galiste is conventional H Case 3 : Both, Cebren and Galiste are reversible H Q UM W (GWh) 394 asl RES. GALISTE 39 Cebren Galiste Tikves GALISTE GALISTE 98 UM Ceb con Ceb REV Gal REV, Ceb REV Fig.4 Energy contribution for all cases (GWh) Figure 4. Energy contribution for all cases (GWh). q IN 55 asl RES. Q UM H Q UM 394 asl RES. GALISTE GALISTE GALISTE UM H GALISTE 25 asl TIKVES RES. TIKVES H TIKVES 5 asl r. CRNA Fig.3. Cascade hydro power plants of Crna River Figure 3. Cascade hydro power plants of Crna River. The simulation cases for analyzing the operation of the cascade in the power system of Macedonia: Case : Both, Cebren and Galiste are conventional H 9

4 Daily Operation of Reversible H has two modes: umping regime in hours (-) Generation regime in hours (8-24) Ceb con Ceb con Anton Chaushevski, Tome Boshevski, Sofija Nikolova-oceva ENERGY FINANCIAL FINANCIAL The energy contribution calculates as the generation energy reduced for the pumping one (Rev.H as a consumer). The financial Gal REV, contribution is the generation en- Ceb REVergy reduced for half Ceb pumping REV one, because for positive fi- balance of Ceb operating REV the reversible H, the gener- Gal REV, Ceb REVnancial ating electricity should be at least double price of the electricity for pumping. Energy = Generation umping (MW) Ceb con Ceb REV Gal REV, Ceb REV Figure 5. Comparing the energy and financial contribution for all cases (GWh) (MW) (MW) Treska Mavrovo CRNA Crn Drim Financial = Generation.5 umping Figure and Figure present the covering of the peak demand for a week in case and case Treska Treska Mavrovo Mavrovo CRNA CRNA Crn Drim Crn Drim Figure. Covering the peak demand for a week in case (Both Cebren and Galiste are conventional H) (MW) (MW) (MW) Treska Mavrovo CRNA Crn Drim Figure. Covering the peak demand for a week in case 3 (Both Cebren and Galiste are Reversible H). Treska Treska Mavrovo Mavrovo CRNA CRNA Crn Drim Crn Drim Simulation of Scenario No Nuclear and Both Cebren and Galiste Are Reversible H This case presents the operation of the power plants as a no-nuclear option (fossil option); where the base load is covered with lignite Ts, gas Ts and import. Case Both, Cebren and Galiste are reversible H Coal T Bitola, Gas CH and Import ( Demand and umping) Figure 9 and Figure give the operation of the power system in a week, covering the demand of the consumers and the needs for pumping.

5 Operating the N with Thermal Coordination in a Complex ower System GWH COAL Gas Import Demand Import UM umping GWH GWH COAL Gas Import COAL Gas demand Import - demand - COAL Gas Import - demand 5 (MW) 5 Import UM umping -95 Demand umping Demand Figure 9. Demand and umping for Case of Reversible H, both Cebren and Galiste (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) Import umping -95 Import UMumping -95 UM 5 Figure 8. Contribution of the each type of technology for power generation. (MW) (MW) umping Demand umping Import pump Import demand Small Gas Lignit & Gas Figure ower lant Operation in 4 4 a week of a year Import pump 5 Import demand Small Gas Import Lignit pump & Gas Import demand Small Gas Lignit & Gas Yearly Yearly Import Import for for umping umping 5 5 GWh GWh (MW) (MW) -3-3 pumping GWh. pumping pumping GWh GWh (MW) (MW) - GALISTE pumping GWh. GALISTE pumping pumping GWh GWh Simulation of of Scenario with with Nuclear Nuclear ower ower lant lant of of MW MW This This case case presents presents the the operation of of the the power power plants plants with with nuclear nuclear power power plant plant of of MW MW

6 pumping (MW) GWh Anton Chaushevski, Tome Boshevski, Sofija Nikolova-oceva Yearly Import for umping 5 GWh ation of Scenario with Nuclear ower lant of MW 5 ar option) mainly for the base load instead of lignite T and import. Case - Both, Cebren and Galiste are reversible H Yearly Import for umping 5 GWh CLEAR Gas Import UM umping NUCLEAR Gas 34 Import UM umping GWH (MW) 5 (MW) -3-3 pumping GWh Simulation of Scenario with Nuclear ower lant of MW GALISTE pumping GWh This case presents the - operation of the power plants UMwith nuclear power plant of MW (nuclear Fig. option) Contribution mainly for Figurethe of. Contribution base the each load of theinstead each type of of technology lignite for power T generation. and for import. power generation Case - Both, Cebren and Galiste are reversible H Instead of T Bitola and Import Nuclear ower lant (N) of MW NUCLEAR Gas Import UM umping (MW) GALISTE pumping GWh ase presents the operation of the power plants with nuclear power plant of MW Instead of T Bitola and Import Nuclear ower lant (N) of MW (MW) NUCLEAR Gas Import - umping 2999 Import UM Gas GWH NUCLEAR Fig.2 Covering the Figure demand 2. Covering of the the demand power of the 34 power generation system for winter for week winter 2999 with N. week with N (MW) 34 - NUCLEAR Gas Import umping - UM 5 2 Fig. Contribution of the each type of technology for power generation Import UM Gas NUCLEAR

7 Fig.2 Covering the demand of the power generation system for winter week with N Operating the N with Thermal Coordination in a Complex ower System Fig.2 Fig.2 Covering Covering the the demand of of the power generation system system for for winter winter week week with with N N (MW) (MW) (MW) 5 5 Import UM 5 Import Gas Import UM UM Gas NUCLEAR Gas NUCLEAR NUCLEAR Fig.3 Fig.3 Covering Covering the the demand demand of of the the power Figure 3. Covering the demand generation of the power system system for summer for for week summer with N. week week with with N N Fig.3 Covering the demand of the power generation system for summer week with N (MW) (MW) (MW) Fig.4 Base load covered of T Coal + Import with GWh Fig.4 Base load Figure 4. covered Base load covered of of T Coal + Import + Import with GWh. with GWh (MW) Fig.4 Base load covered of T Coal + Import with GWh (MW) (MW) Fig.5 Base load covered of N with GWh Fig.5 Base covered of N with GWh Fig.5 Base Figureload 5. Base load covered of N N with with GWh. GWh 3

8 Anton Chaushevski, Tome Boshevski, Sofija Nikolova-oceva 8 Simulation of Scenario with Nuclear ower lant of MW This case presents the operation of the power plants with nuclear power plant of MW (nuclear option) mainly for the base load instead of lignite T and import. Figure gives the contribution of each type of resource for this scenario. Case Both, Cebren and Galiste are reversible H Instead of T Bitola and Import Nuclear ower lant (N) of MW Figures 2 and 3 show the operation of the plants for given winter and summer week respectively. Figure 4 and Figure 5 present the yearly base load covered with fossil fuels+import ( GWh), and covered with nuclear power plant ( GWh). 9 Conclusion Reversible H can have significant role in the power system, especially for the hydro power complex with low natural water inflow. In order to have better economical income from the operating regime, it is very important the water managing between the upper and lower reservoir for the time period. This paper presents the hydro-nuclear operation of Cebren and Galiste with N. Reversible H is the appropriate solution for the complex power system. The advantage of this complex system is the additional peak energy with reversible H Cebren and Galiste (high tariff of selling), where the base loads capacity of N can be use for pumping regime (low tariff of buying). This managing can have financial benefit of the hydro nuclear complex H Cebren and H Galiste are one of the biggest investments in energy sector in Macedonia for the next years. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the role of the whole hydro power complex of Crna River in the Macedonian ower System. Besides the energy benefit, the additional point can be the financial benefit with the economical and reasonable price for electricity in pumping operating regime comparing with the same one in generating regime in peak loads. References [] A. Causevski: Analytical Numerical Improvements of the Models for Yearly Generation lanning in a Complex ower System, hd Thesis, Faculty of Electrical Eng. Skopje (). [2] A. Causevski, T. Bosevski: Improved model for electricity generation planning in the small economic autonomous power system, ETRAN 3, Herceg Novi, Zbornik radova, Sveska I, (3) [3] Technical Reports & Reviews from ELEM and MESO. [4].D. Brown, J.A. eças Lopes, M.A. Matos: Optimization of umped Storage Capacity in an Isolated ower System With Large Renewable enetration. IEEE Transactions on ower Systems 23 (8) [5] E.D. Castronuov, J.A. eças Lopes: On the optimization of the daily operation of a wind-hydro power plant. IEEE Transactions on ower Systems 9 (4)