STEPS IN DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY

Transcription

1 STEPS IN DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY Ion Visa Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Research Center, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania

2 SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES Developing efficient, clean and affordable solutions Sustainable energy production and consumption Clean energy Sustainable built environment LEB status and the coverage of at least 50% of the energy need by using renewable sources (nzeb/nzec status). Sustainable water use Protecting the natural resources Sustainable communities Wastes management: household waste and the wastes resulted from energy production and/or wastewater treatment need to be reprocessed in a large extent (as for example as energy source) Sustainable transportation that requires minimizing the emissions and the use of clean fuels.

3 EUROPEAN STRATEGY The compulsory transition towards sustainability in UE: Energy saving + Energy efficiency + Renewable energy systems The 2020 Directive 20% of the total energy consumption comes from RES 20% reduction in GHG compared to 1990 (2009/28/EC ) 27% of the total energy consumption comes from RES 40% reduction in GHG compared to % of the total energy consumption comes from RES 85 90% reduction in GHG compared to 1990 Community Sustainable Community

4 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The affordable transition towards sustainability: integrated measures for: Energy saving + Energy efficiency + Renewable energy systems Community Built environment (40%) Local Economy: Industry, Agriculture, etc. (48 52%) Local Transportation (8 12%) LOWERING THE COST Complementary use of the resources Bottom up pressure for a new legal frame Raising the awareness on winwin solutions Involving the inhabitants Community Sustainable Community

5 Steps in developing a sustainable community 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model 2. Improving the built environment 3 Assessing the energy demand at (micro-) community level 4. Assessing the renewable energies potential at (micro-) community level 5. Designing the sustainable energy mix 6. Developing the monitoring and control systems

6 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model Community size: very small small average large very large Apartment Few apartments Micro-community (Neighborhood) Micro-community (District) City Thermal Energy production Electric Energy production Fully Decentralized Decentralized at district level Centralized Centralized Target: Implementing renewable energy systems with minimum changes in the current infrastructure

7 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model Scenario 1: From fully centralized system to RES decentralized systems at district level Barriers: sharing the main urban utilities by people/ families with different social background or income. Solutions: - Community involvement in the energy management - Education - Incentives - Legal frame C1.. C6 - Centralized Production (CP) DP1..DP6 - Decentralized Production (DP)

8 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model Scenario 2: From fully decentralized systems to RES decentralized systems at district level Barriers: higher costs, higher emissions. Solutions: - Community involvement in the energy management - Education - Incentives - Legal frame C1.. C6 - Centralized Production (CP) DP1..DP6 - Decentralized Production (DP)

9 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model Scenario 3: Fully decentralized thermal energy systems to be replaced by RES Centralized electric energy production Barriers: costs Solutions: - Community involvement in the energy management - Education - Incentives - Legal frame There is no universal solution for the feasible transition towards sustainability!

10 2. Improving the built environment 2.1. Buildings (traditional buildings LEB) Nearly Zero Energy Buildings, nzeb Energy demand: NyZEB, kwh/(m ZEB 2 year), At least 50% covered by renewables Intelligent buildings Passive houses Low LEB Energy Buildings, LEB Energy demand: kwh/(m 2 year) Traditional buildings buildings (more than 90%) Energy demand: kwh/(m 2 year)

11 2. Improving the built environment 2.2. Energy, water, wastes Water management water re-use Waste management energy production Water re-use Water discharge

12 3 Assessing the energy demand at (micro-) community level Energy demand data at building and community levels: - Yearly values - Monthly values - Peak values (highest, lowest) Data should cover: thermal energy (heating, cooling, DHW), electric energy, water Data sources: - Building codes and regulations based on standardized consumption possible under- or over-estimation - Predictions based on historical data possible under- or over estimation - Actual consumption, based on local energy consumption records very difficult, especially for decentralized production

13 4. Assessing the renewable energies potential at (micro-) community level

14 4. Assessing the renewable energies potential at (micro-) community level Renewable Energy potential at community level: - Yearly values - Monthly values - Peak values (highest, lowest) Large variability: solar energy, wind energy, hydro-energy Low variability: geothermal energy Planned variability: biomass Alternatives for assessing the RE potential: - Using prediction and simulation models for the RE potential - Predictions based on historical data in databases (e.g. Meteonorm) possible under- or over estimation - Onsite potential, based on local monitoring (at least over one year)

15 5. Designing the sustainable energy mix (*) To be installed on buildings; (**) To be installed at community level

16 Sustainable communities: Barriers in implementing renewables Renewable energy systems Objective constraints Photovoltaic systems Variability in the solar energy potential Limited efficiency High initial investment Solar-thermal systems Variability in the solar energy potential Risk of overheating High initial investment Wind turbines Variability in the wind energy potential Noise and vibrations High initial investment Geothermal systems Land availability (ground coupled heat Ecological balance pumps) High initial investment Micro-hydro systems Point-type resource Consistent additional works and systems Environmental distortion Biomass systems Needs additional systems (storage, ash disposal) Subjective limitations Landscape distortion Possible electromagnetic emissions Limited architectural acceptance The NIMBY syndrome Highly difficult to integrate inside a community

17 Sustainable communities: Barriers in implementing renewables Renewable energy systems Objective constraints Subjective limitations Photovoltaic systems Solar-thermal systems Wind turbines Ground coupled heat pumps THE COSTS THE COSTS Giving value to ALL the renewable potential in the implementation location Optimizing the renewable-based energy mix at building level Optimizing the renewable-based energy mix at community level Novel concepts and instruments in designing: Clean, Efficient and Affordable Energy Mixes

18 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES Community Company for Sustainability Action Plan Objectives Plan the Sustainable Community Implement the Sustainable Community Plan Activities Analyze the resources and the demand Plan the renewable based energy mix and the integrated plan of the sustainable community Gain the support and acceptance Implement the energy efficiency measures Implement the renewable energy systems Implement the water and waste management systems Operate the Sustainable Community as a successful business Monitoring the demand-production balance Involve local working force Smart use of funds Get tangible advantages for the community Gain continuous acceptance

19 Case study: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov, ICDT Structural funds project: PRO-DD, POS-CCE, ID 123, SMIS 2637, 60 Mil. Lei - EU, 26 Mil. Lei - co-financing

20 Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling High Tech Products for Automotives R&D Potential Advanced Mecatronic Systems Virtual Industrial Informatics Technologies and Robotics Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Systems Mathematic Modelling and Software Products Cultural Innovation and Creativity Theoretic and Applied Linguistics Economic Research Communication and Social Innovation Advanced Electrical Systems Systems for Process Control Life Quality and Human Performance Energy Efficiency Education, Culture, Communication, Economic Development Juridical Research for Sustainable Development Renewable Energy Systems Sustainable Development Health and Life Quality Embedded Systems and Advanced Communications Advanced Technologies and Materials Ceramics, Metals, and MMC Composites Energy Saving Natural Resources Conservation and Use Research and Design for Constructions and Installations Advanced Eco-Welding Technologies Innovative Technologies and Advanced Wood Products Furniture Eco-Design, Restoration and Certification in Wood Industry Sustainable Forestry and Wildlife Management Forest Engineering, Forest Management and Terrestrial Measurements Eco-Biotehnologies and Equipments in Food and Agriculture Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine Positive Psychology and Education for Sustainable Communities Applied Medicine and Interventional Strategies in Medical Practice Music Science Excellence in Music Perormiance

21 Case study: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov, ICDT N

22 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model The R&D community of the Transilvania University of Brasov 12 new 3 stores LEBs (ideal case)

23 1. Defining the community and choosing the energy production and distribution model Wastewater Water reuse for geothermal energy Fresh water PV Renewable energy systems installed: STC: solar-thermal collectors for DHW PV: photovoltaic arrays, platforms and strings (grid connected, for the Institute use) Wind: small wind farms GCHP: ground-coupled heat pump Laboratory L7: nzeb Back up source: Natural gas

24 3 Assessing the energy demand at (micro-) community level Overall thermal energy demand: kwh/year - DHW: 4244 kwh/year - Heating: kwh/year - Cooling 7759 kwh/year Electric energy demand for lighting and other powered appliances (except laboratory equipment): kwh/year Specific energy load: 76.7 kwh/m 2 /year Note: regular energy load in Romania > 300 kwh/m 2 /year Laboratory L7: nzeb Testing building for further optimizations

25 3 Assessing the energy demand at (micro-) community level Outskirts of the Brasov City (45.65 N, E) Temperate mountain climatic area (cold winters and hot summers) 3 levels (basement, ground floor, 1st floor) 450 m 2 /floor; 1350 m 2 /building Floor and ceiling heating (partitioned) Envelope element Constructive solution Thermal resistance [m 2 K/W] Exterior opaque walls Exterior glazing Terrace Light concrete and insulating panels metal/ polyurethane foam Triple glazing with double Low E (windows facing N, curtain walls facing S) Concrete with extruded cellular polystyrene and PVC hydroinsulating foil Basement foundation Concrete and extruded cellular polystyrene

26 Direct solar energy [kwh/m 2 ] 4. Assessing the renewable energies potential - Solar radiation - No water flows nearby - Geothermal energy - Average / Low wind potential Total yearly available solar energy: kwh/m 2 /year kwh/m 2 /year Eb 2015 Eb Month

27 5. Designing the sustainable energy mix Key issues in designing the RE mixes 1. The share of energy covered by RES: yearly (overall) share seasonal share a) 2. Minimizing the excess energy e.g. solar-thermal system (STS) + heat pump (HP) to meet the DHW, heating and cooling demand of 60 kwh/(m 2 year) 3. Choosing the back-up source fossil fuel (gas, coal, Diesel, etc.) biomass 4. Energy storage systems on-site or on-grid b) Excess energy provided by STS in: a) 20% STS + 80% HP b) 50% STS + 50% HP

28 5. Designing the sustainable energy mix Influence of the building efficiency on the specific implementation costs of a renewable-based energy mix: 20% ST + 80% HP

29 6. Developing the monitoring and control systems SISTEM DE MONITORIZARE PARAMETRI EXTERIORI SISTEM DE MONITORIZARE PARAMETRI DE CONFORT TERMIC

30 Conclusions Planning sustainable communities represents a feasible approach of the sustainable development. This asks for energy efficient buildings and the implementation of renewable energy systems giving use to the existent renewable resources. The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov was developed as a sustainable community (2012). The results of two years monitoring show that using only solar energy conversion systems an overall share of 50% of the energy demand can be covered by renewables. The results show that the electrical energy demand can be covered in a very large extent by the installed systems on the buildings (if this was planned in the construction step) The thermal energy demand needs solar-thermal systems covering large available areas as the facades suitably oriented. However, the available surface is not enough to cover the thermal energy demand over one year. This confirms the need for designing and implementing energy mixes, also including e.g. efficient geothermal (or biomass systems) and a smart energy management, beyond the building(s), towards the community.

31 RESREC RESEARCH RESULTS Sustainable Buildings Solar House Solar House Laboratory L7 - ICDT (grant POS-CCE 11/2009 ID 123)

32 (grant POS-CCE 11/2009 ID 123) (grant PNIII - PED 58/2017) (grant PNII/PCCA - 28/2012 ) RESREC RESEARCH RESULTS TRIANGLE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS TRAPEZE SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS (grant PNIII - PED 58/2017) (grant PNII/PCCA - 28/2012 ) INDOOR - OUTDOOR TESTING RIGS FOR SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

33 RESREC RESEARCH RESULTS Solar Tracking Systems Individual PV modules PV platforms PV strings (grant PN II -PARTENERIATE /2007) (grant POS-CCE 11/2009 ID 123)

34 RESREC RESEARCH RESULTS Continuous flow photocatalytic reactor for advanced wastewater treatment targeting re-use Continuous flow photocatalytic reactor with tracking angle option 2. Continuous flow photocatalytic reactor with VIS-active composite photo-catalytic thin film plates (grant PNIII PED 124/2017)

35 RESREC RESEARCH RESULTS Laboratory demonstrator with tubular photo-reactor for continuous flow for advanced wastewater treatment using dispersions 2. Laboratory demonstrator with flat plate photo-reactor for continuous flow for advanced wastewater treatment using dispersions (grant PN II -PT-PCCA - PED 217/2014)

36 RESREC EDUCATION and TRAINING 1 st cycle 1. Industrial Design 2. Product Design Engineering 3. Engineering of RES B.Sc. (4 years) 4. Environment Engineering 5. Wastes Engineering B.Sc. (4 years) 2nd cycle Sustainable Product Design and Environment M.Sc. (2 years) - Option 1: Advanced Design - Option 2: Renewable Energy Systems - Option 3: Advanced materials for energy and environment 3rd cycle Increasing the Efficiency of the Solar Energy Conversion Systems 25 Ph.D. prgrammes Product development from second raw materials 5 Ph.D. programmes Adults Training: Renewable Energy Systems and Environment Management: LLL, in-service training

37 Thank you! Contact Prof. dr. eng. Visa Ion - RESREC coordinator visaion@unitbv.ro phone: