CLEAN INDOOR AIR IN ROMANIAN PUBLIC BUILDINGS: SCHOOLS

Transcription

1 CLEAN INDOOR AIR IN ROMANIAN PUBLIC BUILDINGS: SCHOOLS 1

2 Partners Building Services Engineering Faculty, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (FII-UTCB) Romanian Association of Building Services Engineers (AIIR) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" Bucharest Institute of Pneumology "Marius Nasta" 2

3 SUMMARY Introduction Design criteria for HVAC systems in schools HVAC systems in schools Experimental measurements Results Conclusions & Perspectives 3

4 Introduction RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LUNG DEVELOPMENT ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS 4

5 Introduction 5

6 Introduction Pupils performance depending on fresh airflow rate per pupil (REHVA no 13, 2010) CO 2 indoor concentration depending on specific fresh airflow rate per pupil (REHVA no 13, 2010) 6

7 Design criteria for HVAC systems in schools Romanian regulation I5/2010 : for indoor air class IDA 1 (best IAQ quality), indoor CO 2 concentration should not exceed with more than 400 ppm the outdoor CO 2 concentration for indoor air class IDA 2 (worse than IDA 1), indoor CO 2 concentration should not exceed with more than 600 ppm the outdoor CO 2 concentration for indoor air class IDA 3 (worse than IDA 2), indoor CO 2 concentration should not exceed with more than 1000 ppm the outdoor CO 2 concentration CONCLUSION: According to I5/2010, the IAQ class for kindergartens and schools is not clearly defined we propose IDA1 and, in worst case, IDA2, With a threshold maximal CO2 value of 700 ppm. 7

8 Design criteria for HVAC systems in schools Preliminary considerations : in cold climates, for young and very young children (not over 8 years old), only heating and ventilation are suggested; in hot and humid climates, air-conditioning or at least dehumidification operation should be installed; in hot and dry climates, evaporative cooling is recommended Conditions for a HVAC system to be implemented in an existing school : to assure permanently good indoor air quality and thermal comfort in order to preserve children s health and learning performance; to assure an acceptable indoor environment for teaching staff; to keep the building functionality when installing a new HVAC system; to use energy recovery equipments across the ventilation air path, in order to save energy from the exhausted air; to use short air distribution ductworks for supply/exhaust when lacking of available technical spaces 8

9 HVAC systems in schools-examples Air Handling Unit of ROOFTOP type appropriate to use for Single Zones (PSZ-Packaged Single Zone system) 9

10 HVAC systems in schools-examples Air Handling Unit with air-to-air heat recovery by using an intermediary fluid (Thermodynamic energy recovery heat pump) Condenser Rejected air Exhausted air Outdoor air Supply air Evaporator 10

11 Experimental measurements Indoor air temperature Indoor air relative humidity Indoor air CO 2 testo multi-function measuring instrument for air conditioning, ventilation and Indoor Air Quality 4 schools 11

12 Results 8-11:40 12:30-16: :40 12:30-16:

13 Results 8-11:40 12:30-16: :40 12:30-16: ppm 11:

14 Results Liceul Teoretic "Nicolae Iorga", Bucuresti T( o C) RH (%) CO2(ppm) P(Pa) CO2=>1987ppm Indoor:1590 ppm Outdoor: 310ppm 14

15 Results Colegiului National Ion Neculce Bucuresti CO2=>1596 ppm (3:50 pm) (1:45pm) T( o C) RH (%) CO2(ppm) P(Pa) Indoor:1328 ppm 15

16 Results Colegiului National Ion Neculce Bucuresti CO2=>3225 ppm (11:20 16:00) T( o C) RH (%) CO2(ppm) P(Pa) Indoor:1664 ppm Outdoor: 421 ppm 16

17 Results Colegiului National Ion Neculce Bucuresti T( o C) RH (%) CO2(ppm) P(Pa) 17

18 Conclusions & Perspectives Schools and kindergartens are indoor environments which need particular attention to indoor air quality and thermal comfort Children illnesses are absenteeism mean to increased costs for the whole community Necessity to conceive simple, cheap and efficient devices for the proper ventilation of classrooms in schools, kindergartens and colleges CO 2 HR Dust 18

19 Conclusions & Perspectives CO 2 HR Dust 19

20 Conclusions & Perspectives Schools and kindergartens are indoor environments which need particular attention to indoor air quality and thermal comfort Children illnesses are absenteeism mean to increased costs for the whole community Necessity to conceive simple, cheap and efficient devices for the proper ventilation of classrooms in schools, kindergartens and colleges A very complex monitoring survey for schools all around Romania is needed in order to evaluate the best implementation solution for DCV (Demand Controlled Ventilation) appropriate to these buildings We intend to propose a national project on this subject, in cooperation with interested factors: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and enterprises focused on indoor air quality measuring devices 20

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