APES SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

Transcription

1 APES SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Dear Incoming AP Environmental Science (APES) students, Welcome to APES!! I am looking forward to the upcoming school year and our time together in APES!! This is an extremely fast-paced and rigorous college-level Environmental Science class for the self-motivated, driven, and independent student that loves learning. However, do not be intimidated. APES is a very manageable and rewarding class if you can keep up with the pace. Hopefully, we will also have time to appreciate the big ideas in Environmental Science, and its effects on, not only our daily lives, but our future, as we learn and prepare for the College Board Exam in May In order to meet the demands of the curriculum, it is necessary for you to complete some work before you come back in the fall of I have included a 3-part APES Summer Assignment to keep your mind sharp and thinking during summer, so that you are ready to jump feet-first into the material in August. Please note that all assignments for the APES class must be handwritten in neat and legible writing, unless otherwise noted. All assignments and other pertinent information will be uploaded to Google Classroom. Please join the APES class using the class code xsfjjk. Do not procrastinate on your summer assignments. Schedule some time just for APES, but also find time to relax, unwind, and get ready for a great school year!! If you need anything over the summer, do not hesitate to contact me. My address is davisp@atlanta.k12.ga.us. Mr. Pierre M. Davis

2 APES SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2018 WELCOME TO APES (Advanced Placement Environmental Science)!! PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN THE NEWS ASSIGNMENT DUE ON FIRST DAY OF CLASS: August 1 th, 2018 Throughout out the course of the summer collect you should read, collect and analyze (using the provided article analysis format) 4 news articles that relate to Environmental Science. ARTICLE REQUIREMENTS: Articles need to be current (2013 present) Sources may include newspapers, news magazines, science magazines, or science journals Articles should be of adequate length (700+ words) HOW TO FIND AND CITE ARTICLES: Go to the Media Center tab at the Grady High School web page. Click on the tab on the left hand column: Using GALILEO to find science articles. There are multiple links to databases as well as links to websites where you can find articles. YOU WILL NEED TO USE A PASSWORD TO ACCESS THE DATABASE OFF CAMPUS: FOR CITATION: use the guidelines at the bottom of Grady High School website Media Center page: Using GALILEO to find science articles. Some good sources of articles include New York Times science pages, National Geographic, and Yale Environment 360 ARTICLE TOPICS: the articles should be related to the major topics from this course: Human Population Growth Food Production, Food Safety Fossil Fuels (Coal, oil, natural gas) Renewable Energy Sources (solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, etc) Nuclear Energy Air Pollution Water Pollution Water Supply/Water Shortages CO 2 and global warming/climate change Waste (garbage) management and Recycling Over fishing, over hunting, and poaching Invasive species (also known as exotic species, nonnative species, introduced species) Deforestation Federal or international environmental legislation and/or treaties Mining, mineral resources, and rare earth metals Epidemiology (patterns of disease) Biodiversity & wildlife conservation ARTICLE ANALYSIS & SUBMISSION You will need to submit a hard copy of each article with an analysis chart attached to each, as the first page of the article ON THE DUE DATE You may neatly hand write, or type your analysis.

3 GRADING: You will be graded on the following factors: Article quality Diversity of topics amongst articles submitted Completion of all requirements & following directions Quality of analyses and research PART 2: PREREQUSITE MATH SKILLS ASSIGNMENT DUE ON FIRST DAY OF CLASS: August 1 st, 2018 DIRECTIONS: Review the math skills informational sheet, and complete the accompanying math problems. Guideline to ALWAYS follow when doing math problems in APES: SHOW ALL WORK (set-up, operations, and labeled units) when completing APES math problems Label units Circle you final answer GRADING You will be graded on proper set-up, and calculation of the math problems. Partial credit will be given for a correct set-up with an incorrect calculation. SHOW YOUR WORK! PART 3: APES CHEMISTRY & VOCABULARY DUE ON FIRST DAY OF CLASS: August 1 st, 2018 You will need to define and know the following terms and the full names of the chemical abbreviations the first day of school. There will be a quiz during the first few days of school on this material. Organic compounds Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Radioactive decay Half life Law of Conservation of Matter 1 st Law of Thermodynamics (Energy) 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics (Energy) Entropy Organism Species Population Community Ecosystem Producers/Autotrophs Consumers/Heterotrophs Decomposers Photosynthesis (reactants and products) Cellular Respiration (reactants and products) Aerobic Anaerobic Adaptation Gene pool Natural Selection Biodiversity Extinction Plate Tectonics Weathering Climate Change Climate Weather CO₂ CO C₆H₁₂O₆ CH₄ H₂ H₂O N₂ NO 3 - NH₄ O₂ O₃ P PO4 3- S SO₂ Cl K NaCl Pb Hg Rn U

4 Percentage Prerequisite Basic Mathematical Skills 17% = 17/100 =.17 Remember that percent literally means divided by 100. Percentage is a measure of the part of the whole, or part divided by whole. Ex. 15 million is what percentage of the US population? 15 million / 300 million =.05 = 5% What is 20% of this $15 bill so that I can give a good tip? $15 x.20 = $15 x 20/100 = $3 Rates Rise Y₂-Y₁ slope change y = mx+b dx Run X₂-X₁ time dt All of the above are ways to look at rates. The second equation is the easiest way to calculate a rate, especially from looking at a graph. Rates will often be written using the word per followed by a unit of time, such as cases per year, grams per minute or miles per hour. The word per means to divide, so miles per gallon is actually the number of miles driven divided by one gallon. Rates are calculating how much an amount changes in a given amount of time. Scientific Notation Thousand = 10 3 =1,000 Million = 10 6 =1,000,000 (people in the US) Billion = 10 9 =1,000,000,000 (people on Earth) Trillion = =1,000,000,000,000 (National debt) When using very large numbers, scientific notation is often easiest to manipulate. For example, the US population is 300 million people or 300x106 or 3x108 When adding or subtracting, exponents must be the same. Add the numbers in front of the ten and keep the exponent the same. When multiplying or dividing, multiply or divide the number in front of the ten and add the exponents if multiplying or subtract the exponents if dividing Online tutorial: Ex. 9x106 / 3x102 = (9/3) x 10(6-2) = 3 x 104 Dimensional Analysis You should be able to convert any unit into any other unit accurately if given the conversion factor. Online tutorials are available: Prefixes m (milli) =1/1000 =10-3 c (cent) =1/100 =10-2 k (kilo) =1000 =10 3 M (mega) =1,000,000 =10 6 G (giga) =1,000,000,000 =10 9 T (tera) =1,000,000,000,000 =10 12 Long Division and Multiplication You should be able to do these calculations by hand, including values with decimals and scientific notation. Many students struggle in this area because calculators are not allowed on the AP exam. Online tutorials are available:

5 Math Problems USE THE PRE REQUISITE BASIC MATH SKILLS PAGE AND THE TUTORIAL LINKS TO HELP YOU WITH SOLVING THESE PROBLEMS. REMEMBER TO SHOW YOUR WORK! 1) What is ten thousand times one hundred million? Show your work in scientific notation. Give the answer in scientific notation and in words. 2) A population of deer had 325 individuals. If the population grows by 16% in one year, how many deer will there be the next year? 3) One year I had 124 AP Environmental Science students and the next year I had 87 Environmental Science students. What percentage did the population of APES students decrease by (round to the nearest tenth)? 4) Electricity costs 7 cents per kilowatt hour. In one month one home uses 1.8 megawatt hours of electricity. How much will the electric bill be? (be sure to look at the prefixes chart on the previous page for the conversion of kilo to mega) 5) Your car gets 21 miles to the gallon and your friend s car gets 28 miles to the gallon. You decide to go on a road trip to the University of APES, which is 175 miles away. If gas costs $4 per gallon and you decide to split the gas money, how much money will each of you save in gas by driving your friend s car? 6) Virginia Beach is about 20 miles wide and 28 miles long. If one inch of rain falls on Virginia Beach, how many cubic feet of rain fell on Virginia Beach? (Hint: convert all units to feet first). 7) The concentration of mercury in a water supply changes from 10ppm (parts per million) to 56ppm over a tenyear period. What is the percentage change of the mercury concentration? 8) Consider a wind turbine that is rated at 1.5 MW (megawatts) per hour. This means that with sufficiently high winds, it will produce 1.5 MW or 1,500 kw (kilowatts) of power. If this wind turbine runs at its rated power of 100% of the time for a full year, how much energy would it produce in a year? Give your answer in kwh/year (kilowatt hours per year).

6 ARTICLE ANALYSIS FORMAT ARTICLE SOURCE In APA format For articles retrieved from websites, use the citation style demonstrated on Media Center website SUMMARY Written summary of the article in paragraph format 3 QUESTIONS: Questions about the article, not answered in the article ANSWERS TO 3 QUESTIONS (with citations) It is OK to do a general web search to find answers to your questions, and copy and paste the URL as your source. DO NOT copy and paste text information directly from the website RELEVANT VOCABULARY TERMS & DEFINITIONS 2-3 terms and definitions from the original article that are new to you HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis that could serve as a basis for a scientific study to find out more (than what is in the article) about this topic