Integrated Concepts for Smart Cities

Transcription

1 Integrated Concepts for Smart Cities Workshop Innovative space-based solutions for Future Cities July , Vienna Tanja Tötzer Klaus Steinnocher, Daiva Jakutyte-Walangitang, Hans-Martin Neumann

2 Why is there a need for smart city concepts? In the Smart Cities Initiative the European Commission proposes: to progress by 2020 towards a 20 % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable use and production of energy, requiring systemic approaches and organizational innovation, encompassing energy efficiency, low carbon technologies and the smart management of supply and demand. Fossile fuel emissions/ in kg/m 2 /month Source:

3 Key elements of a smart city Energy supply technologies Urban energy planning Active buildings Low carbon mobility Smart energy grids Source: Based on Risø Energy Report 10,

4 Smart City sectors ICT Active Buildings Smart Mobility Networks Urban Energy Planning and Optimised Supply Technologies Optimised Industrial Processes and Technologies Urban Planning New Business Models 4

5 Technological research questions Transmission Grid The density of the current transmission grid *) Source: JRC (2014): 2013 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan *) Note: It includes the high voltage lines over 220 kv and the Member States interconnectors. 5

6 Technological research questions Renewable energy generation Regional costs for energy generation vs. installed capacities Source: EWI 2010: European RES-E Policy Analysis 6

7 Multiple Smart City concept definitions Varying emphasis on the core characteristics of Smart City Key Smart City development objectives: from static to dynamic systems and networks from consumers to prosumers from single technologies to integrated systematic solutions 7

8 Smart City pillars Integration of processes, concepts and technologies processes (e.g. policies, urban planning, infrastructure planning, financing and stakeholder processes) concepts (e.g. energy efficiency measures; decentralised and centralised energy production strategies for heat, cold, electricity and fuels; mobility, waste and water strategies) technologies (e.g. CHPower, heat pumps, solar PV and thermal collectors, smart electrical and thermal network components) Use of Information and Communication Technologies for optimized design and operation of the urban energy systems the communication between technologies monitoring the performance of the Smart City the communication with end energy consumers 8

9 Smart City approaches Present sectoral approaches State of the Art Integrated Approach URBAN PLANNING ENERGY BUILDINGS MOBILITY INDUSTRY 9

10 The Smart Cities concept Takes the holistic approach, considering urban complexity Processes Focuses on energy systems (demand, supply, distribution, storage) and resulting carbon emissions Takes into account interactions between energy and mobility, water, waste, the quality of life of its citizens and socio-economic conditions within the city Technologies Energy produced in and for cities Concepts 10

11 Providing scientific planning support for urban energy planning Using Geographic Information Systems Large scale framework conditions Primärenergiebedarf (nicht erneuerbar) [kwh PE_NE/m².a] ohne EE mit PV min mit PV mit mit mit ST max PV+Wind PV+Wind min min max mit ST max Wind and microclimatic simulation at neighbourhood scale Szenario PE AT, ohne FK Szenario PE EU, ohne FK Szenario PE AT, mit FK Szenario PE EU, mit FK Assessment and monitoring of energy systems at neighbourhood scale Thermal simulation of district energy systems (district heating and cooling) flächenbez. elektr. Leistung [W/m²] Öffnungszeit mittlerer Tagesgang 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Tageszeit Schließzeit Transient thermal building simulation 11

12 Factors that influence the urban emission profile and energy consumption A city s geographic situation and climatic context influencing the amount of energy required for heating, cooling and lighting; Demographics the size of the population influences the demand for space and services; Eurostat Urban form and density sprawling cities tend to have higher per capita emissions than more compact ones; Urban footprint (DLR); Urban fabric types and microclimate response (UFT ADI) The urban economy types of economic activities and whether these emit large quantities of greenhouse gases; The wealth and consumption patterns of urban residents; Source: UN HABITAT, Global Report on Human Settlements

13 UFT-Adi Urban fabric types and microclimate response - Assessment and Design Improvement Reference project Clusteranalysis From spatial and statistical indicators to cluster types and scenario calcuations 13

14 geoland 2 Reference project geoland 2 spatial planning (urban footprints and urban growth) ( 14

15 Pop_Grid _Europe Reference project Eurostat-project Population density grid of Europe based on administrative statistics and EO derived built-up information layers 15

16 Population per km2

17 LISA Reference project LISA Land information system Austria ( ) Urban Structure and function based on EO and statistical information Salzburg 17

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19 AIT Austrian Institute of Technoloy your ingenious partner DR. TANJA TÖTZER T +43(0) tanja.toetzer@ait.ac.at DR. KLAUS STEINNOCHER T +43(0) klaus.steinnocher@ait.ac.at AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Energy Department Sustainable Buildings and Cities Giefinggasse Vienna Austria