United Kingdom: Status, technologies, costs

Transcription

1 United Kingdom: Status, technologies, costs Katerina Syngellakis IT 26 th October 2006

2 Presentation plan Status of urban wind turbines in the UK Technologies and manufacturers Costs: are they falling? Opportunities and barriers: what does the future hold? A UK perspective

3 Urban Wind Turbines: UK status report

4 What? Over 100 urban and semi-urban installations Projects from 0.4 kw to 20 kw Schools and environmental centres dominating Local authorities now getting very involved

5 Where? Location of small wind turbines Residential 10% Dense inner city 10% Village/Country park 30% Commercial 10% Semi/Suburban 20% Industrial 20%

6 Who? Owners of small wind turbines Private Industry 11% Other 5% College/Uni 11% School 36% Local Authority 16% Environment centre 21%

7 Why? Drivers for installations Financial 4% Other 4% Organisations Image 20% Education 46% Environmental 26%

8 Capacity Factors Histogram of Capacity Factor Frequency Min 1.6% Max 13.6% Avg 6.4% 8 12 Capacity Factor 16

9 Community perceptions Local Community Perception Towards Wind Turbine Installation After Installation Before Installation Indifferent Frequency Negative Positive Very Positive Indifferent Opinion

10 Ground mounted example Skegness Grammar School

11 Roof top example Plymouth College of Higher Education Installation of two 6kW turbines August 2005

12 Domestic example Berwickshire Housing Association 1.5 kw turbine

13 Small Wind Turbines: UK Manufacturers and technologies

14 Manufacturers: Status Rapid development over the last 2-32 years Over 10 UK manufacturers Over 15 products already on the market All UK turbines available are Horizontal axis except for one At least 5 prototypes under development, two of these vertical axis

15 Micros UK Manufacturers Marlec 0.16 to 0.34 kw Samrey 0.24 and 0.6 kw Eclectic Energy 0.4 kw Ampair 0.3 and 0.6 kw Windsave 1kW Swift (Renewable Devices) 1.5 kw Small Iskra 5kW XCO2 6kW Proven 0.6, 2.5, 6, 15 kw Gazelle 20kW

16 Other manufacturers Non-UK manufacturers with distributors in the UK Sigen Bergey Jacobs 20 kw

17 Marlec 3 or 6 blades Up to 0.34 kw Variable diameter 15 years

18 Samrey New product 3 blades 0.24 and 0.6 kw models 1m or 1.8m diameter

19 Eclectic Energy 5 blades 0.4 kw 1.1 m diameter Lifetime 20 years

20 Ampair 3 blades 0.3, 0.6 kw Variable diameter 10 years

21 Windsave 3 blades 1 kw 1.75 m diameter 10 years

22 Swift 5 blades 1.5 kw 2m diameter 20 years Photo: Berwickshire Housing Association

23 Iskra 3 blades 5 kw 5.4 m diameter 20 years

24 XCO2 5 m high x 3.1 m 6 kw 20 years

25 Proven 3 blades 0.6, 2.5, 6, 15 kw Various diameters years

26 Gazelle 3 blades 20 kw 11 m diameter 20 to 25 years

27 Any questions?

28 Costs: are they falling?

29 Costs of small wind in the UK Average costs = 3750 per kw installed (Clear Skies 2005) Cost in GBP per kw installed GBP/kW installed kw

30 Costs: 20 Urban turbines Average cost = 5470 / kw installed Cost (in GBP) per kilowatt installed /kw kw

31 Cost per technology Cost per kw installed in EURO min EUR max EUR Windsave Swift (now) Proven 2,5 kw (Ground) Proven 2,5 kw (Roof) Iskra 5 kw Proven 6 kw (Ground) Proven 6 kw (Roof) Proven 15 kw Gazelle 20 kw European Windy Cities Meeting, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 26 th & 27 th October 2006 Proven 0,6 kw

32 Costs sources of information Manufacturers Case studies Installers Generally difficult to get accurate cost data Too few installations!

33 Project preparation costs In all cases: Structural survey Depending on what is required costs may be incurred for: Design of the system Obtaining Building regulation approval Obtaining Planning permission Vibration / noise / flicker assessments Grant funding applications preparation

34 Capital costs Equipment Wind turbine, Mast Inverter(s) and control equipment Electrical items Public display board Installation For a roof-mounted turbine - additional costs: Scaffolding Craning (for larger turbines) Roof works

35 Operation and Maintenance costs Annual maintenance cost for some wind turbines (between ) Replacing parts after 10 years Other costs Project management The cost of doing something that hasn t been done before hard to quantify!

36 Factors maximising economic benefit Wind speed picking a good site can make a big difference Grants Renewable Electricity Certificates On-site electricity consumption as price for imported electricity always higher than what will be paid for exported

37 Any questions?

38 Opportunities and barriers: What does the future hold? A UK perspective

39 Opportunities Government targets on renewables mean action needs to be taken at local level Microgeneration has a role to play Small wind turbines require less wind and land resources than large turbines, so their installation is feasible in a wider variety of locations

40 Opportunities Promotion of electricity generation from renewables Demonstration of support to sustainable energy Education and awareness raising For example, educational value could be maximised by placing the turbine near a school, environment centre or on a community landmark building.

41 Constraints However, small scale wind projects in urban areas do face some constraints: Lower annual mean wind speed Lower electricity production Vibration Flicker Noise Potential difficulties in obtaining planning permission

42 Wind Energy on Buildings New area for wind energy Issues to consider: Turbulence Wind speeds affected by buildings Vibration Flicker Noise Planning Issues So what are the technologies available?

43 and energy production Rated wind speed: not the same for all turbines Energy production No independent verification Usually quoted at wind speeds much higher than average urban wind speeds Monitoring programmes needed!

44 UK Conclusions A growing number of installations Local authorities prepared to carry out pilot projects Strong manufacturing base BUT Need for monitoring of performance Still expensive Planning