Reducing Transport Emissions in Istanbul. Zeren Erik Project Manager Centre for Sustainable Transport, EMBARQ-Istanbul

Transcription

1 Reducing Transport Emissions in Istanbul Zeren Erik Project Manager Centre for Sustainable Transport, EMBARQ-Istanbul

2 World Resources Institute

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4 EMBARQ s MISSION EMBARQ catalyzes and helps implement sustainable transport solutions to improve the environment and the quality of life in cities.

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6 The message You have a contact point in Turkey in the field of sustainable urban mobility, that works together with the City and other stakeholders to bring innovative, sustainable mobility solutions to the cities.

7 Istanbul: Inhabited since ~5500 BC 12.5 M inhabitants 27% of national GDP* 38% of total industrial output* More than 50% of services* +70% more GDP/capita than national average* *OECD, 2007 Vision: Centre for finance, commerce and trade, tourism, congress globally

8 Congestion Emissions Difficult Accesibility Pedestrian unfriendly infrastructure and driver behaviour Loss of public space

9 Vehicle Emissions in Istanbul Vehicle: 2.8 Million (600 new vehicles/day) Passenger cars: 1.6 Million Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects:The 2007 Revision Population Database Source: Prof. Dr Haluk Gercek (Istanbul Technical University)

10 Reducing Transport Emissions Project Objectives: Quantify the magnitude of on-road transportation emissions Develop efficient and economic mitigation strategies and policies to reduce this impact Develop pilot projects to test proposed strategies and identify the best options for Istanbul

11 Emissions Inventory Campaign October 31 st - November 16 th components Vehicle Activity Data Collection Diesel Vehicle Testing Gasoline Vehicle Testing

12 Gasoline and Diesel Testing Portable Emissions Measurement Equipment (PEMS) Real world second-by-second emissions Trucks, buses, minibuses, vans, passenger vehicles Emissions No of test Gasoline Tests (includes LPG) CO, CO 2, NO X, SO 2, HC, 104 tests Diesel Tests CO, CO 2, NO X, SO 2, HC, PM tests Model year Engine size lt lt

13 Diesel Testing

14 Gasoline Testing

15 Example of PM Emissions 2.5 Diesel Vehicles Truck 2004 Bus 1996 Truck PM2.5 [gr/km] Time [sec]

16 Vehicle Activity Vehicle Driving Patterns Data collection: Second by second rate of acceleration/deceleration; steady speed Slope of roadways Average speed (by road type and overall) Percent of time spent in idle mode (by road type and overall)

17 A C B E Driving Behavior and Traffic Flow Study Areas A Europe mid-lower income B Europe mid-higher income C Europe commercial D Asia mid-higher income E Asia mid-lower income D Driving Behavior Mid- Lower Income Route

18 Buses Dolmus Trucks Taxi

19 Average Passenger car Speeds Highway(km/h) Arterial(km/h) Residential (km/h) Km per Hour Time

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21 Emission Estimates for 2006 & 2015 CO 2 HC PM SO X CO NO X

22 WORKSHOP

23 WORKSHOP October 2007 Ministries, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, NGOs and business Brainstormed about solutions More than 250 solutions were proposed Potential projects were discussed (Top 10)

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25 Pilot Project Selection Top 10 Ideas: o Raise awareness on the impacts of transport o Improve public transport o Eco Driving o More efficient use of sea transport o Retrofit/Replace/Retire o More Park and Ride facilities o Quality of public bus service o Congestion Pricing o Use of Hybrid vehicles o Improvement of infrastructure

26 Bus Rapid Transit - BRT EMBARQ presents BRT to IETT (Public bus company): March 2005 September 2007: 1 st Istanbul BRT corridor launched (currently carries ~ pax/day) July 2008: CTS-Turkey begins infrastructure improvement consultation project on 1 st BRT corridor

27 Human Exposure Hypothesis: BRT reduces the level of exposure vis-à-vis other modes of transport. Measuring to start early 2009.

28 Istanbul Projects Bus Retrofit Vehicle Type CO 2 CO NOx PM THC SOx Passenger Vehicle %46 %85 %16 %4 %67 %51 Bus %49 %13 %82 %93 %32 %45 Taxi %3 %2 %2 %2 %1 %2 Dolmuş %2 %1 %1 %2 Emissions (g/kwh) 1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 CO HC PM without CRT with CRT S = 400 ppm S*= 10 ppm Planning for the pilot study in early 2009.

29 Documentary Highlights the history of Istanbul Explores evoluation of rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization Explores environmental and quality of life dilemmas

30 Pilot project with NASA NASA data for assessing the impact of urbanization on environment in Istanbul. Specific objectives for the pilot are: Land-Use/Land-Classification (LULC) change in Istanbul, 1985 and 2005 Temperature change (i.e., skin and ground temperature)

31 Urbanization in Istanbul Since 1983, 700% urbanization along the 2nd bridge over the Bosphorus! +0.8 degrees warmer since 1987

32 Istanbul Projects NASA LST (Kelvins) Agricultural Forest Urban Bare Next steps: Workshop on the analysis of the vulnerability of Istanbul to climate change and a policy-impactanalysis toolkit for decision-makers 275 Winter Spring Summer Fall Mean land surface temperature by season and land use type, from all Aqua and Terra MODIS observations, Land Processes Research and Applications Team, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL Fund raising for the project

33 In Conclusion... Evidence-based Goes beond research Ideas into action Catalyst to bring stakeholders to the table Find solutions in a participatory way

34 ZEREN ERİK Centre for Sustainable Transport,EMBARQ-Istanbul People gettıng off IDO