Environmental Performance Assessment in Vietnam Experience, Benefit and Challenges

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1 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam Environmental Performance Assessment in Vietnam Experience, Benefit and Challenges Prepared by Phan Tuan Hung Deputy Director General - Department of Legal Affairs

2 Achievements from the implementation of national EPA reporting National EPA report (good reference source) Introduction of EPA concept Capacity building VIỆT NAM BÁO CÁO ĐÁNH GIÁ HOẠT ĐỘNG MÔI TRƯỜNG QUỐC GIA

3 Land degradation Inadequate solid waste management Biodiversity losses Forest degradation Air pollution in urban areas Inland surface water pollution E-concern Driver Pressure State Impact Response Changes in percentage of industry sector contributing to national GDP (%) Change in urban population (million persons) Increase in sick-beds in hospital ( ) (treatment beds) Changes in number of passengers carried ( ) (million passengers) Increase in value of industrial production ( ) (billion USD) Changes in urban population ( ) (million persons) Increase in areas for industrial crops ( ) Number of free migrants to Central Highlands ( ) (person) Poverty rate in mountainous regions ( ) (%) Amount of domestic waste water discharged in urban areas ( ) (m 3 /day) Increase of total industrial wastewater ( ) (%) Total wastewater from hospital and medical centers ( ) (m 3 ) Increase in number of cars and motorbikes ( ) (cars/motorbikes) Number and areas of industrial zones ( ) Area of newly constructed buildings in Ha Noi ( ) (m 2 ) area converted into other land use purposes ( ) (ha) Wood exploitation in ( ) (m 3 ) areas cleared by forest fired and illegal logging ( ) (ha) Number of km highway constructed and Changes in natural forest areas (2001- area occupied for road construction (km 2 ) 2009) (ha) Changes in BOD concentration in major rivers ( ) (mg/l) Change in coliform concentration in major rivers ( ) (MPN/100ml) Change in BOD 5 in major inland lakes ( ) (mg/l) PM10 concentration in some major cities ( ) (µg/m 3 ). TSP concentration monitored in some cities ( ) (µg/m 3 ) Forest cover of ( ) (%) Area of natural mangrove forests in ( ) (ha) Number and areas of protected areas 2009 (ha) Rate of people infected with water pollution-related diseases ( ) (case/ inhabitants) Rate of people infected with air pollution-related diseases ( ) (%). Damages caused by air pollution on health (2007) (USD) Number of natural disaster events and peoples losses during these events ( Impacts on livelihood of local people Impact on biodiversity losses Impact on livelihood of people dependent on natural resources Policy framework for environmental protection Percentage of IZs equipped with central wastewater treatment system in 2009 (%) Percentage of city equipped with central wastewater treatment system in 2009 (%) Policy framework for air quality control Development of public transportation services in major cities Policy framework for forest protection and development Reforestation programmes and projects Law enforcement for forest protection and development Policy framework for biodiversity conservation Consumption of fossil energy Increase of GHGs emission in the world Impact of climate change Land use changes ( ) (ha) Rate of population living under the poverty lines ( ) (%) Changes in area of mangrove forest ( ) (ha) Number of wildlife trafficking cases detected ( ) Appearance of exotic creatures and in Changes in number of species presented in the Viet Nam Red Book ( ) Change in temperature, rain fall, sea level, tropical storm and others. Increase in number of forest rangers Lives losses caused by natural disasters Policies for responding to climate change Economic losses Budget invested for responding to climate change Population growth ( ) (people) Development of industry ( ) (billion USD) Area of newly- constructed buildings ( ) (m 2 ) Investment budget for health care services ( ) (billion VN) Increase in annual average temperature ( ) ( o C) Increase in area and output of food crop production ( ) (ha; ton) Area of forests cleared by fires and illegal logging ( ) (ha) Increase of solid waste created per person annually ( ) (kg /person /day) Increase of IZs and other industrial facilities ( ) Increase in number of sick-beds ( ) Increase in drought events Sea level rise Amount of imported chemical fertilizers and pesticides ( ) (ton) Solid waste created from households ( ) (million ton) Percentage of solid wastes collected ( ) Percentage of landfills that meet environmental sanitation standards (2009) (%) Diseases related to improper solid waste dumping and treatment (%) Percentage of hospital solid wastes collected (%) Area effected by dessertification process Reduction in crop productivity Distance of seawater instrusion to rivers in 2008 (km) Soil erosion/potentially eroded Legal framework for solid waste management Investment planning for solid waste treatment (billion VND) (ha) Policy and legal framework for land protection and conservation

4 Lessons learnt from the implementation of national EPA reporting EPA is good assessment tool (DPSIR model) for environmental management EPA provides good inputs for development planning process However, EPA and NSDS are not linked as expected The project impact and outcome are not sufficient The guideline for EPA implementation is not clear enough

5 Advantages of EPA in comparision with other performance measurements More comprehensive tool (DPSIR) Easier to know environmental concerns the country (use of bottom up approach) Easier to understand the trend and identify policy actions in the future Good inputs for NSDS process

6 Disadvantages of EPA in comparision with other performance measurements Requires more data, information and statistics (5 year period) Heavily depend on high quality of information inputs Identification of environmental concerns is deferent from national priorities (national strategy)

7 How the mechanism of EPA can be integrated into the formal environmental performance assessment or development plans of the country? Legalize EPA into national law and regulation (to be part of national development planning process) EPA becomes regional mechanism (ASEAN agreement?) EPA and NSDP are linked (EPA follows national priorities)

8 Why EPA has not been taken forward and adopted by the government? New concept and new mechanism EPA and NSDP are not linked Existing performance measurements Capacity, funding.etc.,

9 Would your country be willing to support the EPA approach being harmonised across ASEAN countries? Yes, keep moving forward! EPA strengthens environmental reporting and provides inputs for development process

10 Would your country be willing to support the EPA approach being harmonised across ASEAN countries? Challenges Country commitment New concept and it is difficult to change or put in existing laws and regulations Lack of capacity, financial resource and other conditions Lack of inter-sector cooperation Lack of comprehensive database

11 Suggestions Institutionalization of EPA at region and countries /mainstream EPA into development planning EPA network in GMS and ASEAN EPA template and selection of indicators for all countries Strengthening database and information standard Capacity building and sufficient support for countries Strengthening the coordination and participation of stakeholders A project to push EPA moving forward and provide expected outcomes

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