MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E.

Transcription

1 ICSE X MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. SUBJECT : GEOGRAPHY Exam No. : MT/ICSE/I SPA 009 Model Answer Paper Marks : 80 Time : 2 hrs. A.1 (a) (i) (i) Spot height Settlement Jegol (c) 100 km 2 lined perennial well (e) The area receives reasonal rainfall. The reasons are dry drainage pattern, broken grounds, open scrub dry tanks. [2] (f) The area around the forest which is cleared off all the vegetation to avoid the forest fire from spreading in the interior. (g) South West. (h) Cart track. (i) 1.25 km (j) 20 metres. (k) Dense Jungle, Open Jungle. (l) South -West (m) The relative height of the dry tank with an embankment is 3m above the mean sea level for that given area. [2] (n) The main occupation in agriculture as indicated by the yellow wash. (o) Cart track (p) The back lines indicate broken grounds which are formed due to gully erosion.

2 A.2 g Karakoram Pass INDIA N b Ravi c 0 IST meridian 82 30' E Arunachal Pradesh d f Digboi j Gulf of Kutch h Malwa Plateau Allahabad Lake Chilka i Eastern Ghats a e Coromandal Coast A.3 (a) In summer, the land gets heated more than the sea, Hence there develops a centre of low pressure on the land. Over the adjoining sea, the air is comparatively cool and a high pressure develops there. This causes the winds to blow from the sea to the land. It is the Summer Monsoon. [2] Tropical Cyclones 1. Tropical cyclones are largely a summer phenomenon. 2. They are generally smaller in size and their shape is more or less circular. 3. Tropical cyclones develop over the seas. 4. They develop in the tropical region of Bay of Bengal and influence Indian coastal climate. 5. They bring heavy rainfall with strong winds over the Coromandel coast of India. Temperate Cyclones 1. Temperate cyclones are most intense in the winter season. 2. They are bigger in size than the tropical cyclones and are oval in shape. 3. Temperate cyclones develop over continents. 4. They develop in the temperate region of Mediterranean sea. 5. They bring light to moderate rainfall in the North western part of India under the influence of westerly jet streams. [2]

3 (c) (i) Agra has continental type of climate therefore has very high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter. Whereas Kochi lies in coastal areas hence it has moderating influence of land breezes and sea breezes. Hence difference between summer and lower temperature is very less. Manglore lies in coastal area. Therefore its climate is moderated by land breezes and sea breezes. Hence it does not have high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter. (iii) Most of India remains dry during winters because it comes under the influence of the North-East monsoon winds which come from land and are thus dry winds. When these winds pass over Bay of Bengal they collect moisture and give rainfall to Coromondal coast. The Coromandel coast gets most of its rain during the winter season because Coromandel coast lies in the rain shadow area of Western Ghats hence it doesn t receive rainfall from Arabian sea branch. Further it lies parallel to Bay of Bengal branch hence does not receive much rainfall from Bay of Bengal. Where as it receives heavy rainfall from North-east monsoon winds which blow in winter, as these winds pick up moisture from Bay of Bengal and shed it on Coromandel coast. [3] A.4 (a) (i) (i) Alluvial soils are found on the plains of the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra rivers. The Deltaic alluvium is found in the deltas of the Ganga- Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri river. (iii) It is of tidal origin. It is found in the coastal strips of Peninsular I n d i a. I t i s a l s o f o u n d i n t h e p l a i n s o f G u j a r a t. [2] (i) Red soil is poor in nitrogen. phosphorus. potassium and organic matter. It is not fertile but responds to fertilisers. (c) Black soils contain high clay content. These soils expand when wet and become difficult to plough. [3] In Gangetic Plains alluvial soil is found which is formed by the deposition of the river load as it flows from its upper to its lower course. [2] Gujarat and Maharashtra are the two states in India where Regur soil is found. (i) The soil is very fertile in most of places. In any season it has moisture stored in its subsoil. [2] A.5. (a) Two varieties of the Tropical Deciduous Forests are : (i) The Moist deciduous forests The Dry deciduous forests [3]

4 Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in western part of Western Ghats. These are so called because these forest are restriced to heavy rainfall areas receiving more than 250cm rain. [3] (c) (i) Deciduous forests have important trees such as sandalwood, teak, sal, shisham etc. Beside, providing valuable timber, these provide various other products. Sandalwood, found in thse forests is in great demand in India & abroad. Also these forest are less dense. So, deciduous forests are commercially the most exploited ones. [2] The main characteristic features of Littoral forests (Tidal forests) are: (i) They have mainly evergreen species of varying density and height, usually associated with wetness. The tree trunks are supported by a number of stilt like roots which remain submerged under water during high tide and can be seen during low tide. (iii) They have profuse growth with tangle of climbers, which is an adaptation for survival in soft and shifting mud. [2] A.6. (a) (i) Water harvesting in needed because rainfall in India is of short spell and of high intensity which leads to acute shortage of water. The perennial canals function throughout the year and thus helps in increasing the agricultural production throughout the year. [2] Disadvantages of tank irrigation (i) Tanks get silted up soon and regular desilting is required to make these suitable for irrigation. When the monsoons fail these tanks go dry and therefore, are not dependable sources of irrigation. [2] (c) Water harvesting is collecting and storing rainwater. The two systems of rain water harvesting are (i) Systems which collect roof run offs for household use. Systems which use infield or adjoining catchment to provide supplemental irrigation for agriculture. (iii) The simplest harvesting technique is the check dam. It is a small barrier built across streams which help in storing water during monsoon. [3] Advantages of inundation canal (i) Inundation canals are easily and cheaply built. They are useful in controlling the floods. Disadvantages of inundation canal (i) Inundation canals are seasonal in nature and thus uncertainty of water supply. These canals can be constructed only in the low lying areas. [2]

5 A.7. (a) (i) Bauxite is the main source of aluminium, which is a lightweight, strong and rust resistant metal. Aluminium is used in aircrafts, automobiles, rail wagons, coaches, shipping industry and household appliances. (iii) It is used in electrical equipment industry and for transmitting electricity because it is a good conductor of electricity. (iv) Pure aluminium is the best material for making headlight reflectors and mirrors and in telescopes. [2] The uses of manganese are the following : (i) Manganese is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting. Therefore, it is an important raw material for the iron and steel industry. Manganese is used in the manufacturing of black enamel, in chemical industries for manufacturing bleaching powder and in electrical and glass industries. (iii) Manganese is used to form a number of important alloys. (iv) Manganese is used in dry cell batteries. (v) Manganese is used to manufacture vital enzymes for the metabolism of fats and proteins. Manganese can also regulate blood sugar levels and supports the immune system. It is also involved in bone development and reproduction. (vi) Manganese is essential to plant growth and is involved in the reduction of nitrates in green plants and algae when distributed in the correct amount. (vii) Manganese is an essential trace element in higher animals. It aids in the action of many enzymes. [2] (c) (i) Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in Odisha. Uses : (i) The dam supports two different hydroelectric power houses. The dam regulates the flow of the Mahanadi river and produces hydroelectricity through several hydroelectric plants. (iii) The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates 75,000 square kilometeres of land. (i) About 90 per cent of iron ore is used to make steel. Raw iron by itself is not as strong and hard as needed for construction and other purposes. So it is alloyed with other elements to strengthen and harden it, making it useful for construction, automobiles and other forms of transportation such as trucks, trains and train tracks. Powered iron is used in manufacturing metallurgy products, magnets, high frequency cores, auto parts and catalysts. (iii) Radioactive iron (iron is 59 per cent) is used in medicine as tracer element and in biochemical and metallurgical research. (iv) Iron blue is used in paints, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics (eye shadow), artist colours, laundry blue, paper dyeing, fertilizer ingredient, baked enamel finishes for autos and appliances and industrial finishes.

6 (v) Black iron oxide is used as pigment in polishing compounds, metallurgy, medicine, and magnetic inks. (iii) Coal is a basic source of energy as it can be used for running machines, trains, ships and dynamos. A.8. (a) India have to import oil because day by day the demand for petroleum is going on increasing and the supply is less. [3] Three remedial steps taken by government. (i) The Government announces minimum support prices for various agricultural commodities from time to time to ensure adequate returns to the farmers. The government of India provides subsidy on fertilisers to ensure adequate availability of fertilizer to farmers at reasonable rates. (iii) The Government started Kisan call centres. These are working in 25 different locations covering almost all the states of the country. [2] Cereals Pulses [2] 1. The term, 'Cereals' denotes all kinds of grass like plants, which have starchy, edible seeds. For e.g. Rice, wheat, etc. 2. Cereals occupy about 54% of total cropped area. 1. Pulse crops includes a large number of crops, which are mostly leguminous and rich in proteins. For e.g. Black gram, green gram etc. 2. Pulses occupy 11% of the total cropped area. (c) (i) Wheat grows well in loamy soil because loamy soil has good moisture retention capacity. During germination the wheat needs sufficient soil moisture. Plantation farming 1. Predominance of single crop farming in tropical regions is called plantation farming. e.g. tea, coffee, plantain, spices, coconut and rubber. 2. Its requires huge capital investment. Mixed farming 1. Cultivayion of crops and raising of animals simultaneously is called mixed farming. 2. It does not require much capital investment. (iii) Shifting Agriculture is a primitive agricultural practice in which a patch of forest is cleared, trees are cut and stumps are set on fire. The cleared land is then cultivated for a few years until fertility of the soil is seriously reduced. Then the farmer moves to a fresh piece of land and the same process is repeated.

7 Indian agriculture is dependent to a large extent on the monsoons, which are uncertain, irregular and unequally distributed. Nearly 55% of the net sown area continues to depend on rainfall rather than irrigation. The irrigation facilities in India are very low. [3]