Innovators of Technologies to Harness the Potential Of Water for the Advancement of Human Welfare

Transcription

1 Innovators of Technologies to Harness the Potential Of Water for the Advancement of Human Welfare 1

2 Salinity Power Generation Texas-exico Border Energy Forum By aher Kelada IK Technology- Houston, Texas 2/16/11 2

3 Life Supporting Phenomena Photosynthesis: It is the foremost important Chemical Phenomenon in biology. Plants and some microorganisms use water, carbon dioxide and the energy from sunlight to produce food and livable atmosphere. Water + Carbon Dioxide Sugar + Oxygen 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Osmosis: It is the foremost important Physical Phenomenon in biology. Without it no living cell can exist. 2/16/11 3

4 Renewable Energy v Energy produced from virtually inexhaustible resources. v Energy that can be replenished at the same rate as it is used Natural surface renewable energy includes: Wind Hydropower Organic carbon Photovoltaic Waves Ocean thermal gradient Solar evaporation Salinity Osmotic Power All surface renewable energy are derivatives of the solar energy 2/16/11 4

5 Process Characteristics Spontaneity: Ø A spontaneous process is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable, energy state. Ø The process that can proceed without any outside intervention. Thermodynamic Reversibility: Ø The process can be "reversed" by means of infinitesimal changes in some property of the system without loss or dissipation of energy (Sears & Salinger 1986). All the processes occurring in nature are irreversible processes. Ø The process that can be reversed and causes no change in either the system or its surroundings. 2/16/11 5

6 Osmosis Phenomenon Δ π = ΔP Δ π > ΔP Water Brine W W + S P 1 P 2 = P 1 Water Brine W W + S J w P 1 P 2 >P 1 Water Brine W W + S P 1 P 2 >P 1 Initial Fluids time = 0 FIG 1A Osmosis in time > 0 FIG 1B Final Fluids Equilibrium FIG 1C 2/16/11 6

7 Internal energy du = TdS - pdv + µ dn + ϕ dq + v dp + ψ dm + l da + Heat Work Chemical Electrical omentum Gravitational Surface Tension [temperature T, entropy S], [pressure p, volume V], [chemical potential µ, amount of substance N], [electrical potential ϕ, electric power Q], [mass m, momentum p], [gravitational potential ψ, mass m], [surface tension l, area A], etc. Gibbs free energy Osmotic Pressure dg = Vdp SdT + Σ i µ i dn i π = ΦicRT π = Osmotic pressure, bars Φ = Reflection Coefficient i = Ions concentration (Na + and Cl - ions = 2), c = olar concentration of the salt ions, R = Gas constant ( liter bar / (k mol)), T = Ambient temperature in absolute Kelvin degree 2/16/11 7

8 4% Brine t = t = 0 & P > π 2% Brine 2% Brine t = t = 0 & P > π 307 m (1007 ft) π = P Water t = 0 Δ π > ΔP 156 m (512 ft) π = P t = FIG 2A FIG 2B FIG 2C 2/16/

9 Drain ~0.01% SW: 1m 3 3.5% Drain ~0.01% RO Brine: 1m 3 7% P P J J Drain ~0.01% salt 1 m 3 24% Salt P J Seawater/Freshwater Brine/Freshwater Gunnison Bay/ Freshwater J 2.34 J T J 4.61 J T J 15.8 J T FW: 1m 3 /s 2 m % FIG 3A FW: 1m 3 /s FIG 3B 2 m 3 3.5% FW: 3 m 3 /s FIG 3C 4 m 3 6% Energy Estimation FIG 3A FIG 3B FIG 3C Potential energy generation Total pumping energy embrane LCD Net energy generation (NE) System Efficiency NE/E NE/m 3 of brine feed 2.34 J J J 0 0 J 4.61 J J J 4.3% 0.2 J J J J 42.1% 6.66 J PATENT J J J 51% J 2/16/11 9

10 FIG 4: The Great Salt lake, USA 4,400 Square kilometer, 400 W Osmotic Power ( ) 2/16/11 10

11 FIG 5: Laguna Salada, exico 1,000 Square kilometer, 500 W Osmotic Power 2/16/11 11

12 Precipitation, mm/year FIG 6: Southwest USA & Northwest exico Precipitation 2/16/11 ( ) 12

13 FIG 7: Closed Osmotic Power Generation Unit ( ) 2/16/11 13

14 80 o 100 o C To Next Train (s) Solar Panel HX T Atmospheric Desalination Plant > 10% Salinity Brine Salt Pond or Drain C Desalinated Water Brackish or sea Water FIG 8: Atmospheric Saline water Desalination 2/16/11 14

15 IK technology has developed a new concept for using osmosis to generate clean power from natural and manmade high salinity water domains. Global osmotic power potential exceeds 50 Gigawatts, the equivalent of 25 Hoover dams. The Great Salt Lake can generate 400 W enough to power 350,000 homes. Laguna Salada, exico can generate 500 W. Our patent pending concept functions like a reversible process, resulting in power generation efficiency higher than 50%. The technology can provide electricity to 120 million people, recover seawater minerals in billions of tons, and generate jobs for hundreds of thousands of people. All without emission or radiation. Project development requires a salinity lab and a 10KW osmotic power station for water salinity research, process optimization and training personnel. We are seeking funds for $10 million to construct this facility and initiate commercial development. ( ) 2/16/11 15

16 World-Class Development in Osmotic Power, Desalination and Ion Exchange for Commercial and Industrial Applications 16