RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED COURSE (MJ2412)

Transcription

1 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED COURSE (MJ2412) COURSE PLAN 2009 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Division of Heat and Power Technology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden

2 SYLLABUS This course is a continuation of the renewable energy technology basic course (MJ2411) and discusses in more detail three of the major renewable energy players in the energy field: wind energy, solar energy and biomass. These renewable resources have attracted interest in this time period where energy supply and climate change are of special concern. The selection of these three subjects has been made deliberately and is a logical follow up on the previous course. It is clear that these three renewable energy sources will not by themselves solve the energy problems in the world, but they will definitely be essential ingredients in a future energy mix in most countries around the world. The importance of the wind turbine as a commercial technology in the future and its role in the reduction of greenhouse emissions has been clearly identified by different governments and energy planners. This subject has acquired a great importance from the engineering side. A significant change in the economic viability of wind energy has occurred as a consequence of technology improvements, while acceptance is rising among the energy industry and the general public due to the steady increase in environmental awareness and the implications from the Kyoto protocol 1. This course is intended to provide a thorough and highly accessible introduction to the cross-disciplinary field of wind turbine engineering and technology, focusing mostly on aerodynamics and operational issues. Solar energy on the other hand has so far not so strong market development but it has a huge potential in the future. Solar thermal systems can help to significantly reduce the heat/cooling needs using fossil fuels as they can be covered by this renewable source. Photovoltaics hold a promising future to provide renewable electricity as long as their costs are reduced and we should also keep in mind its future importance as solar radiation is about 5.4 EJ/y. On the other hand, biomass-based fuels have attracted much interest due to their plentiful supply in some countries and favourable environmental characteristics (if properly managed). Biomass is an indigenous energy source, available in most countries and its application may diversify the fuel-supply in many situations, which in turn may lead to a more secure energy supply. Biomass production can generate employment and if intensive agriculture is replaced by less intensively managed energy crops, there are likely to be environmental benefits, such as reduced leaching of fertilizers and reduced use of pesticides. Biomass is available on a renewable basis, either through natural processes, or it can be made available as a by-product of human activities i.e. organic wastes. The potential of biomass energy derived from forest and agricultural residues worldwide, is estimated at about 30 EJ/yr, compared to an annual worldwide energy demand of over 400 EJ. There is however a growing concern that energy crops might start to compete with food production. The effective capture and continued sustainability of this renewable resource requires a new generation of biomass power plants with high fuel energy conversion. This course intends to explain biomass advanced thermal conversion methods and their importance in the management of this resource especially considering the important role that biomass plays in the world energy supply. Special attention is given to biomass gasification, which is the transformation of solid biomass (e.g. wood, charcoal) to a so-called producer gas 1

3 for power or electricity generation. The advantage of this conversion is the higher mechanical efficiency in the power generation cycle through the use of efficient gas turbines or its flexible use in internal combustion engines. Lectures/presentations are given by program specialists. A visit to a modern renewable energy plant/facility is arranged for all course participants. AIM This course aims to provide an insight in three of the renewable energies that were explained briefly in the renewable energy technology basic course (MJ2411): wind energy, solar energy and biomass. These renewable energies are seen as important players in the energy future following the compromises from different countries to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. At the end of the course, the students should be able to analyze and design energy systems to supply the electricity/heat/cooling requirements using wind energy, bioenergy and/or solar energy. After completion of the course, students will be able to: Describe in detail the fundamentals and main characteristics of wind energy, bioenergy and solar energy and their differences compared to fossil fuels. Describe in detail the main components of these 3 different renewable energy systems Explain the technological basis for harnessing these renewable energy sources including their possibilities and limitations Recognize the effects that current energy systems based on fossil fuels have over the environment and the society Compare different renewable energy technologies and choose the most appropriate based on local conditions Design and dimension technological solutions based on wind energy, bioenergy or solar energy that meet specific energy demands, are economically feasible and have a minimal impact on the environment EVALUATION The course consists of 6 credits (HP), from which 1,5 credit correspond to a project on renewable energy and 4,5 credits correspond to a written exam. Lectures COURSE DETAILS The theoretical part of the course consists of 36h of lectures that will be distributed as follows:

4 9 h on wind energy 10h on biomass 8h on solar energy 8h study visit Study Visits To be announced. An instructor will participate in the study visit. Project The project (corresponding to 1,5 cr) is to be done with the support of teachers and instructors. The projects offered are in the following topics: Biomass gasification: this project is done together with a lab exercise. The lab exercise has a total duration of 4h and Catharina Erlich/Nur Farizan are the teachers responsible for this part. Before the lab exercise is performed student are encouraged to get familiar with biomass gasification. After the lab exercise is completed a report must be submitted in Bilda for review. This report should follow the format specified in Bilda. Details about the lab are available in Bilda. Biomass CFB computer lab: this project is done using a CFB program that is available in Bilda for download. The program has also been installed in the project room M268 at Brinellvägen 68. Reza Fakhrai is the teacher responsible for this part. The description of this computer lab is available in Bilda. After the calculations specified in the computer lab description have been done a complete report must be submitted in Bilda for review. This report should follow the format specified in Bilda. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) project: This project consist on comparing the performance of CSP systems. Anneli Carlqvist is the teacher responsible for this project. The description of this project is available in Bilda in the document section and it is called RET II Solar CSP project 1.doc. The result of this project will be a report that will be submitted in Bilda and should follow the format specified in Bilda. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) project: This project consist on comparing the performance of CSP systems. Anneli Carlqvist is the teacher responsible for this project. The description of this project is available in Bilda in the document section and it is called RET II Solar CSP project 1.doc. The result of this project will be a report that will be submitted in Bilda and should follow the format specified in Bilda. Rankine-based Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) project: This project consist on designing a CSP system (including selection of the working fluid for the Rankine cycle associated to the CSP system). Anjane Krothapalli and Brent Greska are the teachers responsible for this project with the local support of Marianne Salomon. The description of this project is available in Bilda in the document section and it is called RET II Solar CSP project 2.doc. The result of this project will be a report that will be submitted in Bilda and should follow the format specified in Bilda. The project will be graded as pass or failed. Exam The exam consists of 2 parts. The first part is theoretical ( 70 points) without help and one calculation part ( 30 points). On the problem part you will are allowed to have the course handouts but not solved examples or solved assignments. In total the exam gives 100 points. To pass you need at least 50 points. Grades: 50-53: E, 54-67: D, 68-81: C, 82-90: B, 91 A

5 Prerequisites Renewable Energy Technology, MJ2411 Requirements Written examination, TEN1, 4,5 credits Project, PRO1, 1,5 credit. Handouts Course Literature Additional course literature (no purchase required) Gasch, R., Twele, J.; 2001 Wind Power Plants James & James Science Publishers Ltd., UK / Solarpraxis AG, Germany. ISBN (UK) / (DE) Klass, D.; 1998 Biomass Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals Cloth. Academic P, UK. ISBN