Columns Product. ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION In accordance with ISO 14025, ISO and EN Skonto Prefab SIA

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1 1114 Ver. 2:214 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION In accordance with ISO 1425, ISO 2193 and EN 1584 Publisher The Norwegian EPD Foundation NEPD285E Declaration number Issue date Valid to epd-norge logo Columns Product Company logo Only a picture or corresponding graphics shall be inserted showing the product or the use of the product. NB! Images must be high resolution (clear and sharp) with dimensions width 8 x height 75 pixels (22 x 21 cm). NEPD285E Columns 1

2 General information Product Columns Contact person: Inna Mina Phone: Program holder The Norwegian EPD Foundation Post Box 525 Majorstuen, 33 Oslo Manufacturer 33/4 Granita street, Acone, Salaspils area Phone: LV-2119 Latvia post@epd-norge.no Declaration number: Place of production: Acone, Salaspils area, Latvia This declaration is based on Product Category Rules: CEN Standard EN 1584:212+A1:213 serves as core PCR. NPCR 2 (3 212): Precast Concrete Products. Declared unit (A1-A3): 1 tonne of manufactured product. Management system: ISO 141 and ISO 91 Org. No: LV Declared unit with option: - Issue date Functional unit (A1-): 1 tonne with a specified reference service life (RSL) of 6 years. The EPD has been worked out by: Christofer Skaar, PhD Valid to Comparability: EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they do not comply with EN 1584 and are seen in a building context. Verification: Independent verification of data, other environmental information and EPD has been carried out in accordance with ISO1425, and externally internally Year of study: 214 Approved sign sign Helene Sedal, PhD (Independent verifier approved by EPD-Norway) Declared unit (A1-A3): 1 tonne of manufactured product. <Title Name> (Manager EPD-Norway) Key environmental indicators Global warming Energy use Dangerous substances Unit CO 2 -eqv * Cradle to gate A1 - A3 1,87E+2 2,6E+3 - ***** 49,1 7,67E+2 - * ***** The product contains no substances from the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list Estimate of transport from production site to central warehouse in Oslo, Norway. Calculation of this distance is required by the PCR. Note that the product is normally transported directly to construction site (as described in A4). NEPD285E Columns 2

3 Product Product description: Various sizes, shapes and lengths. Minimum cross-section size is 2 to 2 mm. From one up to several brackets. Precast columns are assembled at foundation with screw type fastening (column shoes) or by installing them in socket type foundations. Product specification The composition of the product is described in the table below: Technical data: The product is certified in accordance with the EN13225:24/AC:26 standard. Properties (min/max): Compressive strength: C25/3 - C5/6. Length: mm. Cross-section: 2x2-9x9. Market: Norway Materials Aggregate Sand Cement Water Steel Additives % 45 4, , 13,9 7 7, 45 4,5 < 1 <,1 % Reference service life: Expected reference service life (RSL) is 6 years. LCA: Calculation rules Functional unit (A1-): 1 tonne with a specified reference service life (RSL) of 6 years. A1 Cement A2 A3 Mould prep. System boundary: Cradle to grave. Included modules production and construction are A1-A5, included modules for end of life are C1, C2 and. In the use stage B1-B5 has no activity, and B6-B7 are not relevant. The waste processing stage (C3) has no activity, as waste processing takes place in C1. Module D is not declared. Production process at Skonto includes mould preparation, casting of concrete product, curing and finalising. The product is then loaded on trucks for transportation to building site. A4 Stone and sand Casting A5 Construction Recycling Steel Curing B1-B7 Use phase Disposal Additives and ancillaries Finalising C1 Demolition C2 Figure 1: Flow chart of production system Data quality: Data for Skonto Prefab production facilities is for 213. data is for 214, but valid for 213. Material and energy use per declared unit has been calculated using expert judgment and validated against annual consumption. Generic data is from the ecoinvent 2.2 database (23-27). Cut-off criteria: All important raw materials and energy use are included. In the production process, raw materials and energy of low amounts are not included (<1%). These cut-off rules do not apply to dangerous substances. Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN Energy, water and produced waste is allocated on expert judgment to each product group produced by Skonto Prefab to reflect differences between products. The basis for allocation has been information in Building Product Declarations (BPDs) for Skonto Prefab products. NEPD285E Columns 3

4 LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD. The scenario for transportation from production place to user is defined as transport from Salaspils (Latvia) to Stavanger (Norway). This is a typical transportation distance for Skonto Prefab products. from production place to user (A4) Type Capacity utilisation (incl. return) % Truck 75 Boat 65 Type of vehicle Lorry, >32t, EURO4 Ferry Distance km Fuel/Energy consumption 975,19 l/tkm 469,3 l/tkm Value (l/tkm) 18,62 1,31 Installation in the building (A5) End of Life (C1, C3, ) Unit Value Auxiliary - Hazardous waste disposed Water consumption m 3 - Collected as mixed construction waste Electricity consumption kwh - Reuse Other energy carriers 42 Recycling Material loss - Energy recovery Output materials from waste treatment - To landfill Dust in the air,12 Description, A5: Scenario is modelled as installation of a typical concrete product in a building. Only fossil fuel use during installation is included. Breakage and other inputs are negligible. Unit Value 1 Description, C1, C3 and : End of Life scenario is based on materials being separated on site. 99 % of steel and 9 % of concrete is recycled. The remaining fractions are sent to landfill (module ). Energy for material separation is included in C1, therefore there is no activity in C3. to waste processing (C2) Type Capacity utilisation (incl. return) Type of vehicle % Truck Lorry, 16-32t Distance km 15 Fuel/Energy consumption,356 l/tkm Value (l/t),53 Description, C2: to reuse of concrete as aggregate and material recycling of steel. Use stage (B1-B7) There is no significant interaction with the environment in modules B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5, as there is no need for maintenance, repair or refurbishment in the use stage. B6 and B7 are specified as not relevant (MNR) in NPCR2, and are therefore not included. This must not be regarded as an indicator result of zero for B6 and B7. Benefits and loads beyond the system boundaries (D) Unit Value NEPD285E Columns 4

5 LCA: Results System boundaries (=included, MND=module not declared, MNR=module not relevant) Product stage Construction installation stage Use stage End of life stage Beyond the system boundaries Raw materials Manufacturing Construction installation stage Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment Operational energy use Operational water use De-construction demolition Waste processing Disposal Reuse-Recovery- Recycling-potential A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 D MNR MNR MND Environmental impact Parameter Unit GWP ODP POCP CO 2 -eqv CFC11-eqv C 2 H 4 -eqv A1-A3 1,87E+2 9,46E-6 3,3E-2 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 8,76E+1 3,66E+ 9,16E+ 2,48E+ 1,49E+ 1,45E-5 4,56E-7 AP SO 2 -eqv 4,49E-1 4,41E-1 2,81E-2 7,3E-2 9,5E-3 9,67E-3 EP PO 3-4 -eqv 1,85E-1 1,5E-1 6,56E-3 1,64E-2 2,53E-3 2,34E-3 ADPM Sb-eqv 5,26E-4 3,9E-4 5,8E-7 1,45E-6 6,84E-6 1,47E-6 ADPE 1,69E+3 1,39E+3 5,6E+1 1,27E+2 3,66E+1 2,86E+1 C3 1,14E-6 3,92E-7 3,15E-7 1,54E-2 7,21E-4 1,8E-3 3,2E-4 3,7E-4 GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources Resource use Parameter RPEE RPEM TPE NRPE NRPM TRPE SM RSF NRSF W Unit m 3 A1-A3 9,37E+1 4,32E+ 9,8E+1 1,97E+3,E+ 1,97E+3 4,9E+1,E+,E+ 3,95E+ A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 2,24E+1 2,11E-1 5,26E-1 5,29E-1 2,25E-1,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+ 2,24E+1 2,11E-1 5,26E-1 5,29E-1 2,25E-1 1,49E+3 5,17E+1 1,29E+2 3,9E+1 2,97E+1,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+ 1,49E+3 5,17E+1 1,29E+2 3,9E+1 2,97E+1,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+,E+ 8,43E-1 1,42E-2 3,55E-2 1,82E-2 2,36E-2 RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; TPE Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; W Use of net fresh water NEPD285E Columns 5

6 End of life - Waste Parameter Unit A1-A3 HW 4,8E-3 NHW 3,48E+1 RW 3,87E-3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 1,81E-3 2,66E-5 6,65E-5 3,86E-5 1,48E-5 1,4E+1 3,41E-2 8,53E-2 2,42E-1 9,55E+1 1,35E-3 1,53E-5 3,82E-5 3,25E-5 1,42E-5 HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed End of life - Output flow Parameter Unit CR MR MER EEE ETE A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 9,4E+2 CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported thermal energy Reading example: 9, E-3 = 9,*1-3 =,9 Additional Norwegian requirements Electricity Latvian electricity mix is used for production site. The main electricity sources are hydropower (39 %), natural gas (35 %) and electricity imported from Russia (18 %). Data are based on ENTSO-E for 213. Greenhouse gas emissions per : Greenhouse gas emissions per kwh:.127 CO 2 -eqv/.459 CO 2 -eqv/kwh Dangerous substances None of the following substances have been added to the product: Substances on the REACH Candidate list (of ) of substances of very high concern or substances on the Norwegian Priority list (of ) or substances that lead to the product being classified as hazardous waste. The chemical content of the product complies with regulatory levels as given in the Norwegian Product Regulations. As the product contains no dangerous substances on the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list, it is assumed that there are no toxic effects occuring in the use stage. Name CAS no. Amount from production site to central warehouse in Norway is defined as transport to Oslo. The product is not normally transported to a central warehouse, but directly to construction site (see description of module A4). Indoor environment The product has not been tested for emissions to indoor environment. The product contains no dangerous substances on the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list, and a water-based release agent is used. Based on this it is assumed that the product has a negligible impact on the indoor environment and therefore meets the requirements for low emissions (M1) according to EN15251:27 Appendix E. Carbon footprint Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product. NEPD285E Columns 6

7 Bibliography ISO 1425:26 ISO 1444:26 EN 1584:212+A1:213 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines ISO 2193:27 Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declaration - Core rules for the product category of construction products Sustainability in building construction - Environmental declaration of building products Skaar, C. (214) LCA report for. MiSA EPD Report No NPCR2 (212) Precast concrete products. EPD-Norway. epd-norge logo Company logo Program holder and publisher The Norwegian EPD Foundation Post Box 525 Majorstuen, 33 Oslo Norway 33/4 Granita stree, Acone, Salaspils area LV Latvia Author of the Life Cycle Assessment Asplan Viak AS Postboks 6723, 749 Trondheim Norway NEPD285E Columns Phone: web Phone: Fax web Phone: post@epd-norge.no info@skontoprefab.lv web trondheim@asplanviak.no 7