EO-MINERS. The EO-MINERS project A general overview. EO-MINERS Final Conference Versailles, October 11-12, 2013

Transcription

1 EO-MINERS The EO-MINERS project A general overview EO-MINERS Final Conference Versailles, October 11-12, 2013 Stéphane CHEVREL Project Coordinator s.chevrel@brgm.fr

2 The EO-MINERS project EO-MINERS is a Research and Technological Developement project funded by the European Commission To help EC improve its raw material policy and better exploiting mineral resources from the European territory and its mineral supplying countries To demonstrate how to improve the capacity of Europe in implementing new mining sites To improve interaction between the mining industry and society

3 General context Securing EC raw material supply ETP SMR and its Strategic Research Agenda GMES : integrating spaceborne and subsurface information component, EU Raw Material Initiative GEO - GEOSS

4 International initiatives and raw materials EU The Raw Materials Initiative Meeting our Critical Needs for Growth and Jobs in Europe (COM(2008)699) EU s 2001 Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) (renewed in 2006) 2005 Thematic Strategy for the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources The Mining Waste Directive (2006/21/EC) 2008 EGS proposals for the implementation of a coherent EU non-energy raw materials policy Flagship initiative "Resource Efficient Europe" European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on raw materials New! Africa-EU High Level Conference on Raw Materials International ICMM Sustainable Development Framework SDMI, an international forum for the Sustainable Development indicators in the Mineral Industry African Mining Vision 2050 African Mining Partnership (AMP)

5 Economic and societal importance of minerals The mining and extractive industry plays a significant role in the development of many countries all over the world Most sectors, such as construction, chemicals, automotive, aerospace, machinery and equipment sectors that provide in the EU a total value added of billion, and employment for some 30 million people, depend on unimpaired access to raw materials.

6 Significant ecological footprint of mining 1 kg Gold requires 540,000 kg of material, a large share of which is due to extraction At continental scale mining wastes represent a high percentage of the total registered waste: 26% in U.S. to which another 16% produced by the primary metals industry is added (EPA, 2004) 20% in Europe (EEA, 2003) The average tonnage imported/tonnage mining waste ratio increased from 1:4 to 1:16 in the past 25 years

7 EO in the Mineral Resource Development Cycle Earth Observation (EO) offers a unique opportunity and varieties of methods to collect spatial information to monitor and assess each phase of the mining cycle: Spaceborne and airborne imagery Ground and airborne geophysics Geochemistry In situ measurements Monitoring networks 3D modelling

8 EO-MINERS overall objective to bring into play EObased methods and tools to facilitate and improve interaction between the mineral extractive industry and society for its sustainable development while improving its societal acceptability. Mining vs Society After Solar and Shields, 2011

9 Scientific objectives - 1 Assess policy requirements at macro (public) and micro (mining companies) levels Define environmental, socio-economic, societal and sustainable development criteria and indicators to be possibly dealt with EO

10 Scientific objectives - 2 Demonstrate the capabilities of integrated EO-based methods and tools in: Monitoring, Managing, Contributing to reducing the environmental and societal footprints of all phases of a mining project Potential drainage contamination by AMD (ZA)

11 Scientific objectives - 3 Foster and develop a sound "trialogue" between industrialists, regulatory bodies and society based on reliable and objective information about ecosystems, populations and societies affected by mining activities

12 Who we are? Beneficiary name Country Beneficiary name Country (BRGM) Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières France Coordination Council for Geoscience South Africa British Geological Survey UK Anglo Operations Limited, Anglo Technical Division Tel-Aviv University Israel Université de Versailles St Quentin South Africa France Deutsches Zentrum für Luft - und Raumfahrt e.v. Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH Germany Česká Geologická Služba Czech Republic Germany Sokolovská Uhelná a.s. Czech Republic Geoloski Zavod Slovenije Slovenia Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience Mineral Industry Research Organisation Kyrgyzstan UK KyrgyzAltyn Kyrgyzstan

13 Makmal DE(2) UK(2) FR(2) SI(1) Where Sokolov lignite we open work? pit CZ AMD(Acid Mine Drainage) CZ(2) KG(2) Impact on vegetation Coal fires The Makmal gold mine Sediment (coal) Dust KG Landscape Cyanide contamination Emalahleni degradation (Witbank) coal Surface waters field ZA Groundwater? The largest coal field in ZA Radioactive More than 60 x 60 km contamination? AMD (Acid Mine Drainage) Health IL(1) affecting Employement 70% Drainage system and depending on mine ZA(2) wetlands activity Urban areas Coal fires 3 demonstration Dust sites (CZ, ZA, KG) Subsidence Landvalue degradation Uncontrolled urban sprawling

14 Our general approach Expert knowledge EO methods and tools Products Indicators On-site investigations Stakeholder interviews Trialogue workshops Stakeholder feedback

15 What are the methods we use? In situ measurements and observations Airborne data acquisition Integration of satellite, airborne and in situ monitoring tools and methods Satellite imagery

16 What are the methods we use? Ground monitoring networks Airborne imaging Conventional optical In situ point measurements spectroscopy sensors: Landsat Thematic (temperature, ph, ) (hyperspectral) Mapper, ASTER Field spectroradiometry surveys Very high resolution optical campaigns (VNIR, SWIR, Airborne TIR) geophysics : sensors, such as Ikonos, Information and/or radiometric, Quickbird, WorldView_II, measurements about electromagnetic, SPOT 5 vegetation, soil, groundwater aeromagnetic Radar sensors and dust Thermal infrared Chemical Model and 3D (multi and broad characterization of the band) contaminated soils LIDAR In situ measurements Airborne data acquisition Satellite imagery Integration of satellite, airborne and in situ monitoring tools and methods

17 Project T0 Affected Environment Environment Environmental and societal impacts Societal acceptability Pathways Transfer media EO and GIS in societal acceptability a simplified conceptual model Affected Populations Populations

18 Project Tn Affected Environment Environment Environmental and societal impacts Societal acceptability Pathways Transfer media EO and GIS in societal acceptability a simplified conceptual model Affected Populations Populations

19 A major challenge Need for a neutral attitude Stakeholders with very different concerns vs. environmental and societal issues Establishing confident relations with mining companies Reluctance to deal with environmental and societal impacts Reluctance to put data in the public domain Do not like we work with other stakeholders Working constraints (security, ) Need for a better engagement of the mining industry Get acquainted with local communities concerns and demands Lack of information, rumours Economical dependence (jobs, contribution to the community, infrastructure development, ) Looking for compensations

20 Points at issue Are EO tools and methods capable to produce indisputable documents for further use by stakeholders? To meet information requirements? To reconcile interests in a dialogue among stakholders? To improve exchanges between the mineral industry and other stakeholders based on standardised, reliable and objective documents? Can we move towards the development of EO-based services?