Global Challenges and Innovation in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

Transcription

1 Global Challenges and Innovation in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Critical Challenges Facing Wastewater Treatment: Wastewater Treatment Intensification CIWEM Technical Seminar, 4 December 2018 Professor Stephen R Smith Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tel , s.r.smith@imperial.ac.uk Page 1

2 In the 1850s the River Thames was polluted and dangerous - It was called the Great Stink! It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, A Tale of Two Cities, 1859, Charles Dickens DIPHTHERIA SCROFULA CHOLERA FATHER THAMES INTRODUCING HIS OFFSPRING TO THE FAIR CITY OF LONDON (A Design for a Fresco in the New Houses of Parliament) A DROP OF LONDON WATER

3 Sir Edward Frankland 1868 Sir Edward Frankland began a major study of filtration performance on raw London sewage in laboratory columns Page 3

4 Ardern and Lockett Page 4

5 The Value of Activated Sludge as an Effective Fertilizer has been Understood for a Long Time:

6 Yield g/plant FW N Fertilizer Response to Activated Sludge (a) Ammonium nitrate (b) Activated sludge Top kg N/ha Base kg N/ha Top kg N/ha Base kg N/ha

7 First Anaerobic Digester First municipal treatment of wastewater in septic tanks began in Exeter in The methane gas was used for heating and lighting at the treatment works Page 7

8 Mogden Sewage Treatment Works Built in the 1930s Serves 1.9m people 140 acre site Upgraded 2013 Treats 1064mega L/d.

9 Climate Change Greatest long-term challenge facing the world today IPPC Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report IPPC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report, 2017 (5 th ) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) - syr.ipcc.ch/topic_observedchanges.php Page 9

10 DEHP PFCs 17 -ethinyloestradiol 3 2 PBDE 2' 3' 4 O 4' Bx r B r PCNs 5 6 6' 5' y Synthetic Musks (Tonalide) Page 10

11 Resource Conservation and Recovery Peak Phosphate Production

12 Page 12

13 How to address the challenges of: Process intensification Resource recovery and efficiency Contaminant management Page 13

14 Bioengineering Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Biocatalysis Microvi MicroNiche Engineering technology Microenvironment of biological systems is synthetically designed to enhance microbial physiology and optimize enzymatic performance N and contaminant removal + other applications eg bioethanol, biobutanol production Quorum Sensing (Microbial Signalling) Page 14

15 Wastewater Treatment Intensification Integrated Film/Hybrid AS Systems Granular AS Systems Membranes Page 15

16 Wastewater Treatment and Sludge AD - N Balance Increases to ~20% with struvite recovery

17 International Research Output (by Year) Results of Web-of-Science search: Activated AND Sludge AND Resource

18 International Research Output (by Country since 1950) Results of Web-of-Science search: Activated AND Sludge AND Resource

19 Bioenzyme Recovery from Activated Sludge Global bioenzyme market > 3 billion in 2017 Page 19

20 Specific Activity(U/gVSS,μmol/min/g VSS) Specific Activity(U/gVSS,μmol/min/g VSS) Enzyme quality similar to commercial products Enzyme assays Extracted enzyme activities Extracted enzyme activities duration (min) Amplitude(%) α-amylase Protease Cellulase α-amylase Protease Cellulase 1. 10min 2. Energy 40%

21 It is hard to imagine a future without AD Page 21

22 AD Big Data: Average Site Specific Biogas Yield Overview of the conventional MAD dataset

23 Integrated Functional Model for AD Management Page 23

24 Relative changes of BY (m3/t DS) Relative changes of BY (m 3 / tds) Relative changes of BY (m 3 /t DS) AD Big Data - Multiple Regression Model All data integrated models Conventional MAD natural logarithm with interaction HRT vs relative changes of BY Temperature vs relative changes of BY % DS 2% DS 3% DS 5% DS 7% DS 9% DS HRT (days) -80 Temperature ( o C) DS vs relative changes of BY DS feed (%) 5 days HRT 10 days HRT 15 days HRT 20 days HRT 25 days HRT 30 days HRT 35 days HRT 40 days HRT

25 Statistical Big Data AD Model Validation All data integrated conventional MAD model monthly average

26 Conclusions Bioengineering WW and sludge treatment Rhetro fit technologies Develop and apply operational models for decision support and intensity optimisation Adopt a resource management strategy: Technological opportunities leading to greater diversity, resilience and revenue streams Page 26