Closing the Loop: Unlocking an inclusive circular economy approach. Learnings from Case Study in Pune 2018

Transcription

1 Closing the Loop: Unlocking an inclusive circular economy approach Learnings from Case Study in Pune 2018

2 Overview of Pune city Pune is the 9 th most populous city in India. Oxford of the East (educational and cultural center) Total population of the Pune urban agglomeration is approximately 5.05 million with nearly 1.2 million households/ properties generating waste. Area of city is 331 sq. kms. Total waste generated: 2000 TPD Per capita (in grams) PMC estimates: 397 gms

3 Overview of Pune waste management Door Step Collection through multiple mechanisms SWaCH Cooperative (52.5%): 1,050 MTPD PMC run waste collection vehicles (17.5%): 350 MTPD Private contractors (10%): 200 MTPD Community Bins (7.5%): 150 MTPD In situ Composting (7.5%): 150 MTPD Uncollected (5%): 100 MTPD Decentralized waste management of organic waste and recyclables In situ composting (150 MTPD) Bio methanation & Composting plants (515 MTPD) Diverted to Farmers (145 MTPD) Recycled by SWaCH (170 MTPD) Integration of informal waste pickers in door step collection (3000 Waste Pickers) Presence of a healthy partially integrated informal waste recycling sector

4 Solid Waste Flow in Pune Material recycling (Dry waste) Municipal solid waste generation (2000 MT per day) SWaCH waste pickers (1050 MT per day) PMC s waste collection Ghantagadi vehicles (350 MT per day) PMC s community bins and containers (150 MT per day) Private collectors (200 MT per day) Transfer stations Composting (Wet waste) Biogas production (Wet waste) RDF production and Incineration (Mixed and Dry waste) Landfill (Mixed waste) Uncollected littered/illegally dumped (100 MT per day) Composted in situ (150 MT per day)

5 Informal Waste Pickers and SWaCH Pune Waste Pickers are informal workers collecting recyclable materials from streets,binsand landfills. They sort such material into 40+ types and send it for recycling to earn their livelihood. The Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat (1993) Trade Union Current membership 10,000 Various facilities provided by PMC in recognition of contribution ID Cards (1996), Medical Insurance (2002), Life Insurance (2006), Scholarship to children of waste pickersandaccess to subsidized healthcare (2015) etc. Pilot program run by KKPKP for integration in SWaCH Pune Cooperative set up as a joint effort of the Pune Municipal Corporation and KKPKP in Formal engagement with PMC during and

6 PMC & SWaCH Cooperative s Waste Collection Mechanism One / Two waste pickers collect from households using non motorized push carts. Segregated waste is collected from waste generators. Wet waste is composted at source where possible. Dry waste is sorted by waste pickers into 40+ categories and sent for recycling. Residue wet waste and non recyclable waste is transferred to PMC vehicles off at city run feeder points. Waste pickers receive user fees directly from citizens for collection service. Sale of scrap is their other source of income. Equipment, Sorting Centers (for dry recyclables) and supervision costs provided by PMC. SWaCH s 3000 waste pickers servicing over 660,000 properties daily.

7 Closing the Loop Observations & Recommendations Waste characteristics Plastic Waste Generation Plastic Waste Flow including leakages Participation and contribution of the informal recycling sector Recommendations for improving linkages between the formal and informal sectors for better plastic waste management

8 Waste Characterisation Type of Waste Percentage Tons Per Day Sanitary 2.42% Glass 2.47% Cloth 1.66% Other 1.30% Inert Shoes 1.14% 0.54% Metal 0.33% Electronic 0.06% Organic Plastic Paper 7.57% Paper Glass Sanitary Plastic 8.31% Cloth Other Inert Shoes Metal Electronic Organic 74.20%

9 Plastic Waste Characterisation Type of Plastic % TPD Coloured Plastic Packaging (Mixed Men) Chip bags and packets (Kurkure) HDPE containers (Phuga) Milk Bag (Doodh Pishvi) Thick PET bottles (Kadkadi) White high grade film plastic (LD) Styrofoam (Tharmocol) Tetrapak (Juice Dabba) Small plastic pieces (Kadak) Bicycle seats and Rubber Tubes Cement bags (Rafiya) PVC pipes Styrofoam (Tharmocol) 2.11% White high grade film plastic (LD) 2.42% Thick PET bottles (Kadkadi) 5.34% Milk Bag (Doodh Pishvi) 7.17% HDPE containers (Phuga) 15.63% Tetrapak (Juice Dabba) 1.21% Chip bags and packets (Kurkure) 16.37% Small plastic pieces (Kadak) 1.38% Cement bags (Rafiya) 0.18% PVC pipes 0.08% Bicycle seats and Rubber Tubes 0.34% Coloured Plastic Packaging (Mixed Men) 47.76% TPD Recycled 53.3 Non Recyclable 32.7 Partially recyclable 79.4

10 Informal Recycling Sector Participants Type Numbers Swach Waste Pickers 3000 Non Swach KKPKP (Pune) 4000 Non affiliated itinerant waste pickers ~1500 Small and Medium Scrap Shops ~600 Large Scrap Shops ~50 Wholesalers / Aggregators ~30

11 Material Type Informal Sector Rates Weight Volume Recycling Technology Seasonal variation Losses PET (Kadkadi) 18 High Low Fibre None 5% HDPE (Phuga) 14 High Low Pellets None 5% Hard Plastic (Kadak) 6 High Low Powered None 7 10% LD+Men Recyclable vs. Recycled 14 Low High Extrusion Low value in Monsoon No market in Low High Extrusion Mixed Men monsoon Plastic Cable 6 High Low Burnt None 7 10% PVC Pipes 6 High Low Powered None 7 10% MLP (Kurkure) Low High Board Making 100% Tetrapak Low High Board Making 100% Styrofoam Low High 100%

12 Plastic Waste Flow & Leakages Source Collection Pre processing Recycling Other treatment Municipal solid waste Residental (households residential buildings, ) SWaCH waste pickers Small/medium scrap shops Small and medium plastic processors and recyclers RDF producers and waste to energy facilities Composting units Commercial (officies, stores, businesses ) Institutional (public buildings, hospitals ) Itinerant waste pickers Itinerant waste buyers Large scrap shops Large wholesalers/ aggregators Large plastic processors and recyclers Landfill Brick Kilns Aquatic and terrestrial environment Uncollected plastic waste littering, illegal dumping Residues of plastic waste sorting illegal dumping Residues of plastic waste treatment illegal dumping Residues of plastic waste treatment illegal dumping Plastic waste and treatment residues littering, illegal dumping Informal and semiinformal sector Formal sector

13 Plastic Waste Recycled Particulars Per Day (MT) Per Year (MT) Plastic Waste Generated Handledby SWaCH Waste Pickers Recycled by Swach Waste pickers Recycled by other informal waste pickers (Estimated) Partially recyclable but not recycled (RDF / landfill) Non Recyclable (RDF / Landfill)

14 Environmental Impact of SWaCH Waste Pickers Total Change in GHG Emissions (MTCO2E)**: This is equivalent to Removing annual emissions from 10,423 Passenger Cars CO2 Emmissions from Burning 2,06,11,991 Litres of Petrol Tree seedlings grown for 10 Carbon Sequestered by 12,83,056 years Economic Impact Minimum Wage Rates 74 Crores Transportation / Diversion towards landfill Total Savings to Corporation 16 Crores 90 Crores

15 Characteristics of the Informal Sector Pros Low Cost Efficient Decentralized Almost all types of plastic Market Driven Employment & Livelihood GHG Reductions Savings to Local Bodies Issues Technology Lack of Regulation Environmental Compliance Leakages Linkage with Formal MSWM Space deprived New types of Plastic

16 Drivers of Plastic Recycling Type of Plastic polymer, combinations, single layer / multi layer Quantity per capita generation by weight Quality plastic grade & thickness Quality cleanliness Ease of collection & transportation weight vs. volume Ease of identification Market demand Price Regulatory restrictions Availability and type of space Presence of informal sector waste pickers, small / medium traders, recyclers

17 Policy Recommendations Leverage existing systems. Regulation should be informed by potential impact on informal recycling sector Manufacturer level labelling, restrictions, recyclability, minimum recycled content, Extended Producers Responsibility Regulation Recyclable vs. Recycled EPR Recognition & Integration of the informal sector participants Bans Incentives Taxation GST Developing markets for recycled goods Public procurement Recycling targets for local bodies

18 Policy Recommendations Systems: Segregation at Source Integration of informal sector Waste pickers and Scrap Traders Recognition & Registration Compliance Fire safety, labour laws, environmental hazards Incentives Subsidized space, recycling markets, tax waiver, residue collection, technology assist, subsidized utilities Space for waste Sorting, Trade, Recycling Technology for data generation and tracking EPR: Support and upgrade informal scrap traders and recyclers Focus on low value / non recyclable materials Technology for recycling Low value plastics minimum support price

19 Thank You