EERA Joint Programme on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) CO 2 storage in Europe - current opportunities and issues

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1 EERA Joint Programme on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) CO 2 storage in Europe - current opportunities and issues Coordinating energy research for a low carbon Europe Jonathan Pearce Storage Subprogramme leader British Geological Survey Page 1

2 Contributions from the following gratefully acknowledged Staff in BGS CO2 Storage Team: CO2 Stored & Site Portfolio: Maxine Akhurst, Michelle Bentham, Karen Kirk GeoEnergy Test Bed: Ceri Vincent, David Jones, Oliver Kuras, Jon Chambers and others UK Storage Appraisal Project Den Gammer of Energy Technologies Institute and colleagues at Pale Blue Dot CO2 MultiStore Eric Mackay, Heriot-Watt University and Chris McDermott, University of Edinburgh European Energy Research Alliance Hannah Chalmers, University of Edinburgh

3 Sleipner: an example of offshore storage operated by Statoil 1x10 6 tonnes CO 2 injected per year since 1996 Images:

4 UK Storage Capacity CO 2 Stored Hosted and under development by The British Geological Survey (BGS) and The Crown Estate. Based on data produced in the UK Storage Appraisal Project. CO 2 Stored provides online access to worldleading overview data on CO 2 storage. Users can interrogate over 500 potential CO 2 storage sites around offshore UK.

5 Varied Portfolio 20 stores were selected from the CO2 Stored database for due diligence work. Then 5 stores were chosen for further appraisal effort The portfolio of 5 sites selected is: Geographically and technically diverse. Differing levels of data are available for each Only 2 of the 5 sites require any further appraisal drilling before an investment decision Alongside the detailed KT from UK FEED projects these sites characterise one of the most comprehensive and mature CO2 storage potential propositions available within the public domain.

6 How much capacity do we need?

7 How much capacity do we need? Potential capture for fossil-based emissions: 5967 Mt

8 How much capacity do we have? Potential theoretical storage: Mt

9 Key questions geologists try to answer about CO 2 storage How much CO2 can we inject and how quickly? What happens to the CO 2 once it is injected? How do we know where the CO 2 is underground? How can we decide if storage is safe? What happens if it leaks?

10 The GeoEnergy Test Bed (GTB) This is a GERC facility designed to be a (inter-)national facility 3.5 M facility (including investment and in-kind value e.g. land, drilling) 2.5 M UK government-funding for developing research programme (ERA) SB_Soil_Gas_Jun2016 FLUX_g_m2_ Classified by natural breaks (Jenks)

11 The GeoEnergy Test Bed - A National Facility Designed to investigate leakage and sub-surface fluid transport Testing and developing prototypes for next generation sensor technologies Capacity for ground-truthing GERC experimental and modelling capabilities/ software Highly Characterised site, hydrogeological testing, gravimetric survey, electrical resistive and 4D computed tomography, full rock core analysis Aquifer Gas injection Aquifer Gas monitoring migration, attenuation and remediation Micro Seismic monitoring and satellite ground movement Advanced Sensor and Software Testing & Development Next Generation quantum gravity sensors VOC downhole & surface gas monitoring VOC fingerprinting Gas emission soil & atmosphere monitoring Real Time Big Data Handling & Distribution Subsurface fluid tracking by ERT

12 Summary Theoretical capacity has been identified Detailed appraisal started to provide a portfolio of sites Strategic storage has yet to be defined and needs to connect to transport and undertake (pre-)feed for costs Research focusses on Site appraisal Predicting long-term future behaviour Reducing costs Understanding opportunities to gain social licence to operate

13 Any questions? THANK YOU 13