APPENDIX APPENDIX. Water saving in cities in households AQUASAVE. ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It

Transcription

1 ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It APPENDIX APPENDIX AQUASAVE PROJECT AQUASAVE GRAYWATER RAINWATER CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TREATMENT TREATMENT Water saving in cities in households

2 CONTENTS The pictures contained in this appendix are below listed. A.1.1 Introduction Rainwater precipitation: decrease. Consumption percentage for drinking and food preparation. A.1.2 Model Water management model. Rainwater use system. Grey water use system. A.1.3 Site Site of the experimentation. A.1.4 Realization phases Component installation. Final phase. Building. A.1.5 Treatment and data Rainfall. Collection tank. Filter. Pumps for disinfection. Washing machines: double feeding. Washing machines: washing phases. A.1.6 Components at low water consumption Toilet. Flushing cistern. Water tap. Water tap: detail. Taps: water saving. Washing machine. Dish washer. A.1.7 Monitoring and control Monitoring system in the flats. Water volume meter. Sampling points list. Sampling points. Plant operation mode. Filtration control. Disinfection control. Pressure setting. Data acquisition and elaboration. View from flats. A.1.8 Results and conclusion Eutrophication. Dirt removal degree. Disinfectant dose. Parameters after treatment. Consumption percentage. Daily per capita consumptions. Consumption comparison and water saving. Contribution on the water saving. Wide scale realization. A.1.9 Organization Financial support. Working group organization chart. Partners list. Figure A.1. Figure A.2. Figure A.3. Figure A.4. Figure A.5. Photo A.1. Photo A.2. Photo A.3. Photo A.4. Figure A.6. Photo A.5. Photo A.6. Photo A.7. Figure A.7. Figure A.8. Photo A.8. Photo A.9. Photo A.10. Photo A.11. Figure A.9. Photo A.12. Photo A.13. Figure A.10. Photo A.14. Figure A.11. Photo A.15. Photo A.16. Photo A.17. Photo A.18. Photo A.19. Photo A.20. Photo A.21. Figure A.12. Figure A.13. Table A.1. Table A.2. Figure A.14. Figure A.15. Figure A.16. Figure A.17. Figure A.18. Note A.1. Figure A.19. Figure A.20.

3 ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

4 ENEA: environment department. Life 97Env/ It RAINWATER PRECIPITATION DECREASE mm of water Figure A time Precipitation in Bologna. Figure A.1.

5 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It CONSUMPTION PERCENTAGE Figure A.2 FOR DRINKING AND FOOD PREPARATION 4 % 96 % Drinking and food preparation Other uses Figure A.2.

6 ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It MODEL MODEL

7 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL From: roof. Figure From: drinkable water supply. Washing machine Dish washer Kitchen sink A.3 Bidet Toilet flushing Shower Bathroom w. basin Rainwater treatment Grey water treatment To: car washing. To: garden watering. To: sewer network. Simplified flow sheet. Figure A.3.

8 ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It RAINWATER USE SYSTEM Figure A.4 From: roof To: washing machines, and dishwashers Collection Filtration Disinfection Storage Loading Simplified process flow diagram Figure A.4.

9 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It GREY WATER USE SYSTEM From: bath-tubs, showers, and bathroom washbasins Figure A.5 To: toilet flushing Collection Filtration Disinfection Storage Loading Simplified process flow diagram. Figure A.5.

10 ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It SITE SITE

11 SITE OF THE EXPERIMENTATION Photo A.1 Bologna ( Italy ) Photo A.1.

12 ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It REALIZATION PHASES REALIZATION PHASES

13 REALIZATION PHASE Photo A.2 Plant room: before tank installation Plant room: after tank installation Photo A.2.

14 REALIZATION PHASE Photo A.3 Fase finale Final phase Photo A.3.

15 Photo A.4 Building with the implemented model. There are: 8 flats, 22 persons. The roof surface is 200 m 2. Photo A.4.

16 ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It TREATMENT AND DATA TREATMENT AND DATA

17 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It Figure A.6 RAINFALL rainfall ( mm ) J a n u a r y F e b r u a r y M a r c h A p r i l M a y J u n e J u l y A u g u s t S e p t e m b e r O c t o b e r N o v e m b e r D e c e m b e r months Average monthly rainfall: 57.2 mm. Total rainfall in 1999: mm. Monthly rainfall in Figure A.6.

18 COLLECTION TANK Photo A.5 Photo A.5.

19 FILTER Photo A.6 Photo A.6.

20 PUMPS FOR DISINFECTION Photo A.7 Photo A.7.

21 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It WASHING MACHINES WITH DOUBLE FEEDING Figure A.7 TR PW Dirty Cloths Legend: TR = Treated rainwater PW = Potable water Figure A.7.

22 ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It WASHING PHASES Water level 0 Use of rainwater Figure Use of potable water A.8 pre wash main wash rinse rinse last rinse Time Washing machine cycle with double feeeding. Figure A.8.

23 ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It COMPONENTS AT LOW WATER CONSUMPTION COMPONENTS AT LOW CONSUMPTION

24 TOILET Photo A.8 Photo A.8.

25 FLUSHING CISTERN WITH DUAL DISCHARGE Photo A.9 Photo A.9.

26 WATER TAP Photo A.10 Photo A.10.

27 WATER TAP DETAIL Photo A.11

28 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It RISPARMIO SAVING ATTRAVERSO LA BY RUBINETTERIA WATER Figure TAPS A.9 The volume of the air in the water Il volume dell'aria nell'acqua represents rappresenta theil risparmio saving. Figure A.9.

29 WASHING MASCHINE Photo A.12 Photo A.12.

30 DISH WASHER Photo A.13 Photo A.13.

31 ENEA: env i ronment department. Lif e 97 Env / It MONITORING AND CONTROL MONITORING AND CONTROL

32 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It MONITORING SYSTEM WATER VOLUME METERS (Flats) DRINKABLE WATER TREATED WATER HOT WATER COLD WATER TREATED RAIN WATER TREATED GREY WATER VM A VM B VM C Figure A.10 VM D VM A VM B VM C VM D VM E VM F VM E VM F VM G A = Tap of kitchen sink B = Tap of bidet C = Tap of bathroom washbasin D = Tap of shower / bathtub E = Washing machine F = Dish-washer G = Toilet flushing Figure A.10.

33 WATER VOLUME METER FOR CONSUMPTION MONITORING Photo A.14 Photo A.14.

34 ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It SAMPLING POINTS LIST GREY WATER G1 = arrival from flats G2 = aft er disinfect ion and preliminary grid G3 = out let from collect ion t ank G4 = before filt rat ion G5 = before disinfect ion G6 = inlet of t he st orage tank G7 = out let of t he st orage t ank G8 = sending t o flats RAINWATER P1 = arrival Figure from roof A.11 P2 = first rainwat er discard P3 = aft er disinfect ion and preliminary grid P4 = out let from collect ion t ank P5 = before filt rat ion P6 = before disinfect ion P7 = inlet of t he st orage tank P8 = out let of t he st orage t ank of 10 m 3 P9 = out let of t he st orage t ank of 12 m 3 P10 = sending t o flat s DISCHARGES S1 = bat h-t ub S2 = shower S3 = bat hroom washbasin S4 = bidet S5 = kit chen sink S6 = washing machine S7 = dishwasher Aquasave project. Figure A.11.

35 SAMPLING POINTS FOR WATER CHARACTERIZATION Photo A.15 Photo A.15.

36 CONTROL Photo A.16 PLANT OPERATION MODE Photo A.16.

37 CONTROL Photo A.17 FILTRATION CONTROL Photo A.17.

38 CONTROL Photo A.18 DISINFECTION CONTROL Photo A.18.

39 CONTROL MISURA DI PRESSIONE Photo A.19 PRESSURE SETTING Photo A.19.

40 CONTROL Photo A.20 DATA ACQUISITION AND ELABORATION Photo A.20.

41 VIEW FROM FLATS Photo A.21 Photo A.21.

42 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It RESULTS AND WATER SAVING CONCLUSION

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44 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It EUTROPHICATION geqpo Figure A.12 Experimental Traditional Systems ( waste water treatment ) CML Eutrophication (water) Figure A.12.

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46 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It DIRT REMOVAL DEGREE COMPARISON BETWEEN DRINKABLE WATER AND RAINWATER REFLECTANCE Dirt removal degree Drinkable water Rainwater Figure A.13 Carbon black/ mineral oil Blood Chocolate/ milk KINDS OF DIRT Red wine Dirt removal in washing machine Figure A.13.

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48 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It DISINFECTANT DOSE FLUIDS PERACETIC ACID DOSES Table A.1 Grey water [ ppm ] 39 Rainwater 5.5 Table A.1.

49 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It PARAMETERS AFTER TREATMENT PARAMETERS FLUIDS Grey water Rainwater Total coliforms [UFC 10-2 ml -1 ] Table A.2 Faecal coliforms [UFC 10-2 ml -1 ] 165 < 1 < 1 < 1 Turbidity [NTU] Table A.2.

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51 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It CONSUMPTION PERCENTAGE OF THE WATER CONSUMPTION POINTS 33% A 28% E 23% B 4% D 12% C Figure A.14 A=Body Washing C=Dish & Cloth Washing machines E=Other Uses (Bidet, kitchen sink) B=Toilet Flushing D=Drinking & Food preparation Water consumption (drinkable + reuse water) in the flats: 854 m 3 year-1; person number:22. Figure A.14.

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53 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It DAILY PERCAPITA CONSUMPTIONS Consumptions [L / ( d, p )] Figure A Flats 106 Max 74 Average 36 Min Drinkable water consumption in the flats: ~ 592 m 3 /year -1 ; person number: 22. Figure A.15.

54 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It CONSUMPTION COMPARISON AND WATER SAVING Consumptions [L(d,p)] Water saving Figure A.16 Traditional 0 - Experimental SYSTEMS Daily percapita consumptions of water. Figure A.16.

55 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It CONTRIBUTION ON THE WATER SAVING OF THE IMPLEMENTED SYSTEMS Consumptions [L/(d,p)] 180,0 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 167 TRADITIONAL Figure A.17 ONLY COMPONENTS EXPERIMENTAL COMPONENTS+GREY-RAIN WATER USE SYSTEMS Daily percapita consumptions of water: detail. Figure A.17.

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57 ILUNUMKL ILUN UM K L ILUN UM KL ILUNUMKL ILU NUM K L ILUNUMKL ILUNUMKL ILU NUM KL ILUNUMKL IL U N U M K L ILUNUMKL ILUNUM KL ILUNUMKL ILUNUMKL WIDE SCALE REALIZATION ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It TREATMENT SYSTEM (For single building) TREATMENT SYSTEM (For many buildings) ILUNUMKL Figure A.18 GREY WATER TREATMENT GREY WATER TREATMENT Figure A.18.

58 ENEA: env i ronment dep artment. Lif e 97 Env / It ORGANIZATION

59 ENEA : environment depart ment. Life 97 Env / It Note A.1 FINANCIAL SUPPORT The European Commission, with the decision Life 97 Environment /IT/ in the framework of the life-environment actions, has financed the 50% of the total project cost. Note A.1.

60 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It WORKING GROUP ORGANIZATION CHART EUROPEAN COMMISSION MONITORING TEAM ENEA Figure A.19 ARPA Az. USL COMUNE DI BOLOGNA COOPERATIVA DOZZA HERA STUDIO ARCHITETTO SCAGLIARINI Figure A.19.

61 ENEA: environment department. Life 97 Env / It PARTNERS LIST ENEA COMUNE DI BOLOGNA Figure ARPA A.20 COOPERATIVA G. DOZZA HERA Arch. SCAGLIARINI CORRADO SCAGLIARINI ARCHITETTO Azienda USL Figure A.20.

62 Towards the new management TOWARDS THE NEW MANAGEMENT

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