DOE s Initiative

Transcription

1 DOE s H2@Scale Initiative Elizabeth Connelly, Ph.D. NY-BEST Annual Meeting and Conference: Capture the Energy 2019 Advancing Clean Transportation in New York Albany, NY March 13, 2019

2 Enabling Affordable, Reliable, Clean, and Secure Energy across Sectors More information at: 2

3 An Exciting Time for the Transportation Sector Commercial fuel cell electric cars are here Honda Clarity >6,500 sold or leased in the United States Toyota Mirai As of Dec 2017 Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell SUV No petroleum, no pollution Refuels in minutes More than 360 mi driving range Over 60 mpgge 3

4 Real World Applications In the U.S. Long-Range, Heavy Duty Applications Emerging Fuel cell buses in CA surpass 19M passengers Fuel cell delivery and parcel trucks starting deliveries in CA and NY Industry demonstrates first heavy duty fuel cell truck in CA 4

5 Applications and Funding of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Examples of Application in the United States Over >240MW Backup Power More than 23,000 Forklifts More than >30 Fuel Cell Buses ~40 H 2 Retail Stations Over 6,500 Fuel Cell Cars EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Office Funding 1 FY 2013 FY 2017 From 2013 to 2017 $429M Covering H 2 and Fuel Cell Activities in 30 states and DC With FCTO funding 1 Prime recipients only Hydrogen Stations: Examples of Plans Across States California 1,000 stations by 2030 Northeast stations planned HI, OH, SC, NY, CT, MA, CO, UT, TX, MI, and others with interest 5

6 H Enabling Renewable Energy Transport? Where we find abundant renewable energy resources 6

7 H Enabling Renewable Energy Transport? Where energy is consumed 7

8 Analysis to Guide Future Plans Cost of long distance electricity transmission is high Can H 2 or H 2 carriers be an option? 8

9 Hydrogen for Renewable Energy Storage Preliminary results from Ruth et al. (2019) MMT Large potential for seasonal storage One hydrogen cavern could provide ~ 100 GWh energy storage Image: Hydrogen Council Hydrogen can be used to monetize surplus electricity from the grid, or remote, off-grid energy feedstock (e.g. solar, wind) for days to months. 9

10 Comparison of Costs of Energy Storage LCOE of peak power (2016$/kWh) Current.Battery Future.Battery Current terrestrial H2 Future terrestrial H2 Current geologic H2 Current geologic H h 14h h 24h (1d) 19h 48h (2d) Fuel cells + geologic storage 72h (3d) 96h (4d) Storage duration At ~10h of storage and greater, hydrogen technologies are more cost competitive than lithium ion batteries. Source: Penev, M. et al. (upcoming) Energy Storage Days of Service Sensitivity Analysis. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 120h (5d) 144h (6d) 168h (7d) 10

11 The Dragon Curve Flexibility will be needed to address grid challenges: high ramp rates and demand fluctuations Predicted 2025 California EV Charging Load Profile (Weekday) Expected increase of ~ 500 MW from 4pm to 7pm Hydrogen fuel cell technology can provide essential grid services to ensure stability Source: CEC/NREL Report 11

12 Lab Testing Electrolyzers Value for Ancillary Services First Ever Validation of Frequency Regulation with Electrolyzers Idaho National Lab (INL) National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) Lab testing shows dynamic response within seconds and potential for grid services 12

13 Hydrogen Energy Storage can Support Nuclear Generation Value Proposition Nuclear power plants produce heat (>300 C) that can assist in hydrogen production when not needed for power generation Improve economics of fully amortized, existing reactors Improve economics of next generation of reactors Economic production of H 2 Research Needs (aligned with HydroGEN) High-temperature electrolysis: Elucidate degradation mechanisms Develop materials for durable high current density operation Evaluate load following capability Thermochemical: Discovery of redox materials capable of efficient H 2 production Development of high-temperature materials for thermochemical reactors Nuclear Plants at Risk by 2030, or Recently Retired (GW) 1 1. Source: U.S. DOE Quadrennial Energy Review, of 10 announced retirements attributed to market conditions. 1 Several advanced reactor types currently being studied in the U.S. (e.g. Gen IV designs) operate at 500-1,000 C, compatible with high-temperature H 2 production. Low-temperature reactors can be integrated with H 2 production through heat recuperation. 13

14 Strategy: Partnerships to Enable Early- Stage R&D Department of Energy Fuel Cells R&D H 2 Fuel R&D Other Federal Agencies Demonstration, Deployment & Commercialization Private Sector Industry, Other Agencies, States Partnerships FCHEA (H2USA), CaFCP, OFCC, CT, HI, CO, NJ, etc. H2@Scale Consortium 14

15 Current CRADA Projects Over 20 CRADA Projects Underway HYDROGEN INTEGRATION WITH ENERGY GENERATION R&D Electric Power Research Institute Exelon Southern Company / Terrestrial Energy Pacific Gas & Electric TerraPower Southern / Xcel HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT R&D California Go-Biz Office Frontier Energy HyET Honda NanoSonic RIX Tatsuno Shell ADVANCED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CONCEPTS R&D Honda C4-MCP, Inc. GinerELX GTA, Inc. HYDROGEN QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND OPERATION R&D Air Liquide California Energy Commission Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology PDC Machines Quong & Associates, Inc. 15

16 Realizing the H Vision Ongoing Opportunities and Next Steps H2@Scale Program Plan in development Ongoing H2@Scale CRADA Call Make working group kicked off in December 2018 Kick off FY18 H2@Scale FOA Projects Simulate renewable energy penetration scenarios integrated with large-scale electrolyzers (NREL) Design and techno-economic analysis of high-temperature electrolysis system coupled with nuclear power Develop tool to enable optimization of energy storage technologies (PNNL) Publication of H2@Scale analysis 16

17 Funding Opportunity 17

18 Stakeholder Engagement to Support Early Stage R&D Celebrate Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Day October 8 or 10/8 Use Safety Information and Training Resources Attend the 2019 Annual Merit Review H2tools.org April 29 May 1 Crystal City, VA Download for free at: energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/downloads/ increase-your-h2iq-training-resource Includes participation from other federal agencies working on hydrogen and fuel cell technologies Learn more: Sign up to receive hydrogen and fuel cell updates Learn more at: energy.gov/eere/fuelcells 18

19 Thank You Dr. Elizabeth Connelly 19

20 Additional Information energy.gov/eere/fuelcells 20

21 Test Hours FCTO R&D Established that Hydrogen Can Support Grid Services 250 FCTO-supported INL/NREL R&D project on dynamic electrolyzer performance Electrolyzers have been tested for ability to provide grid services: Ramp Up, Ramp Down Load Steps Utility Demand Response Random Variations 31-Jan 10-Feb 20-Feb 1-Mar 11-Mar 21-Mar 31-Mar hours of testing established that electrolysis (commercial hydrogen production technology) meets performance requirements of grid services. 21