Japan U.S. Joint Conference on Drinking Water Quality Management and Wastewater Control, March 2-5, 2009

Transcription

1 Japan-U.S. Joint Conference Abstract Investigation of Membrane Bioreactor Effluent Water Quality and Technology Japan U.S. Joint Conference on Drinking Water Quality Management and Wastewater Control, March 2-5, 2009 Investigation of Membrane Bioreactor Effluent Water Quality and Technology (WRF ) Authors: Abstract: Joan Oppenheimer, MWH, Arcadia, CA, USA James DeCarolis, MWH, Arcadia, CA, USA Zakir Hirani, MWH, Arcadia, CA, USA BACKGROUND Membrane bioreactor technology offers attractive process options for advanced treatment and recycling of wastewater arising from municipal and industrial applications. The advantages of MBR technology compared to conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes for such applications including: consistent and superior effluent water quality, reduced footprint, flexibility in operation, increased automation, ease of expansion / retrofit for increased capacity have been well documented. However, rapid growth of the global MBR industry in recent years including research and full-scale implementation has resulted in a widely dispersed amount of data on MBR effluent water quality and operating conditions. MWH Americas Inc. is currently conducting a comprehensive investigation of municipal MBR technology that aims to collect worldwide dispersed data into a single source to allow a comprehensive analyses and characterization of MBR process effluent water quality and identify strengths and weakness of the technology based on operational history. This work is being sponsored by the WaterReuse Foundation in partnership with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and members of the Global Research Coalition: STOWA, Veolia, and Singapore PUB. PROJECT OBJECTIVES The specific objectives of the project include: To capture global water quality performance data of municipal MBR systems Assess the impact of various key operational and design conditions to achieve specific water quality criteria Identify knowledge gaps related to MBR technology for the treatment of municipal wastewater TECHNICAL APPROACH A phased approach is being implemented systematically to meet the project objectives. Each component of the technical approach is described briefly below. Phase I includes a comprehensive survey of three main sectors of the MBR industry including 1) literature and case studies, 2) vendor/system suppliers and 3) plant owners & operators. The objective of the literature and case study review is to document the specific removal mechanisms, factors which can impact removal performance, and reported removal efficiencies of MBR for various contaminant types. The general contaminants categories to be addressed include: suspended solids, microbial, aggregate Page 1 of 3-1-

2 organics (i.e. COD, BOD), nutrients, and inorganic microconstituents (i.e. trace metals) and trace organics (including EDCs/PPCPs). The purpose of the vendor survey is to capture the current status (i.e. quantity, capacity, start up date, driver for selection, location, etc.) of operating and planned municipal MBR plants worldwide from all vendors offering systems in both the U.S. and abroad Lastly, the worldwide survey is being conducted to capture detailed information related to the design, operation and water quality performance, and lessons learned of appropriate targeted full-scale plants located in various regions of the world including Asia Pacific, European Union, United States, and the Middle East. Phase II includes a detailed assessment of the data collected in Phase I. The project team will work with the project s technical advisory committee (TAC) and utility advisory committee (UAC) members to review and discuss the preliminary results of the survey of literature and case studies (Phase I). All information in the knowledge base will be presented both as raw data and binned into appropriate performance classifications. The experience of the project TAC and UAC will be incorporated to come to a consensus for the best way to analyze and present the data in the final knowledge base. This is critical to ensure that useful and accurate comparisons can be made between various categories of the knowledge base. Criteria will be developed during the meeting on how to bin the data in consideration of the following preliminary list of key issues: MBR capability in terms of effluent water quality Operating conditions required for MBRs to remove a wide range of pollutants Strengths and weaknesses of MBR technology in producing water for specific uses Nutrient removal achieved by MBRs at low to very low concentrations Removal of contaminants of emerging concern (EDCs, PPCPs, etc) by MBR under various operating conditions MBR capabilities for meeting regulatory guidelines Theoretical operational limits of MBRs Applicability and scalability of water quality data collected from pilot-scale MBRs to full-scale systems Phase III towards the end of the project, the project team will plan and convene a workshop of experts in the MBR field to identify, debate, and refine the key findings of this important project. In addition to the project team, selected world renowned experts with substantial expertise in MBRs and other related fields will be invited to the workshop. The overall goal of the workshop will be: 1- To validate the findings of the project team.. 2- To identify technological gaps of the MBR technology and develop specific guideline for future research needs. 3- To discuss the best way to present the final product of the project to maximize its use by the worldwide MBR community. -2-

3 PROJECT STATUS To date the majority of Phase I has been completed. Survey of the Literature and Case Studies To date the project team has prepared write-ups on the specific removal mechanisms associated with each of the contaminant categories under investigation. The review found that the removal mechanisms associated with MBR are contaminant specific and include biotransformation, size exclusion, complexation, inertial compaction, and sorption to solids. Preliminary information relating design and operational factors which can impact the performance will be presented during the workshop. Survey of the MBR System Suppliers To date eight participating MBR suppliers have provided information on their current and future planned worldwide MBR plants for with design capacities > 1 MGD (3780 m 3 /d). As part of the survey it has been reported that there are 134 municipal full scale MBR installations worldwide with a significant (~200%) increase in installations over the past 5 years. The preliminary (> 1 MGD) data also shows the reported drivers for selection of MBR technology ranks as follows: improved water quality & reliability, footprint limitation, cost effectiveness, low effluent nutrient requirements, disinfection credit and pretreatment for reverse osmosis. Survey of the Plant Owners and Operators The project team has prepared a comprehensive web based survey to be completed by plant owners and operators. The survey is organized into following categories: I. Background II. Preliminary and Primary Treatment III. Bioreactor Design and Operational Characteristics IV. Membrane Design and Operational Characteristics V. Water Quality Performance VI. Lessons Learned The project team has also developed a preliminary list of 25 plants located worldwide to request participation in the web survey. The selection of specific facilities considered some the challenges MBR technology may face in the future specific to water quality performance such as: increasing low nutrient requirements, requirements for EDC/PPCP removal, need to optimize energy and subsequent impact on water quality, impact of peaking on water quality performance. FUTURE WORK TASKS Work tasks to be completed to accomplish the project objectives include: Completion of the worldwide MBR Plant Survey Perform Data Analysis and Visualization Convene Project Workshop Prepare Draft Final Product for submittal to WateReuse Foundation in Summer

4 Investigation of Membrane Bioreactor Effluent Water Quality and Technology (WRF ) 007) Joan Oppenheimer James DeCarolis Zakir Hirani Japan - U.S. Joint Conference On Drinking Water Quality Management and Wastewater Control March 2-5, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS WateReuse Foundation & Funding Partners (USBR & GWRC Members) Utility Advisory Panel Technical Advisory Panel Arizona State University Participating MBR Vendors, Kruger/Toray, Norit/Xflow, Parkson Corporation, Huber Technologies, Koch/Puron, GE/Zenon, Siemens/US Filter, Enviroquip/Kubota, Asahi Kaesi/Pall -4-

5 Acknowledgments Project Background & Objectives Technical Approach Project Status Future Work Tasks Overview MUNICIPAL MBR MARKET GROWTH (U.S.) -5-

6 INCREASED MBR INSTALLATIONS 50 Municipal MBR Installations in the U.S. 1-5 MGD 5-10 MGD > 10 MGD Cumulative Number* From 2004 to 2007 ~ 215% Increase Upcoming * Cumulative number for 1-MGD or greater installations only; revised March Data compiled from information obtained from MBR vendors INCREASED MBR CAPACITY Facility Name (Location) Traverse City WWTP (Traverse City, MI) Tempe-Keyne (Tempe, AZ) Bright Water (King County, WA) Johns Creek Env. Campus (GA) Tri Cities (Clackamas County, OR) Cape Coral North (Cape Coral, FL) Clear Spring Ranch (Colorado Springs, CO) Capacity (MGD) Supplier Start Up 7.1 GE Water / Zenon GE Water / Zenon GE Water / Zenon GE Water / Zenon TBD TBD TBD

7 INCREASED MBR SUPPLIERS No. of MBR Suppliers (CDHS Title 22 Approved) California Department of Public Health Services (CDPH), Treatment Technology Report for Recycled Water, Jan Challenges Facing MBRs from a Water Quality Perspective Dispersed Amount of Water Quality Performance Data Increasing low nutrient requirements Future requirements for EDC/PPCP removal Energy Increasing Water Quality Requirements Impact of Peaking on Water Quality Performance -7-

8 Project Objectives To capture global water quality performance data of municipal MBR systems Assess the impact of various key operational and design conditions to achieve specific water quality criteria Identify Knowledge Gaps related to MBR technology Technical Approach Phase I Conduct Comprehensive Survey Phase II Data Analysis / Visualization Phase III Project Workshop / Final Product -8-

9 Phase I Conduct Comprehensive Survey RELEVANCE: Rapid growth of global industry has led to dispersed amount of data on MBR effluent water quality performance Industry sectors: Research, Vendor/system suppliers, and full-scale implementation Phase I Conduct Comprehensive Survey APPROACH: Survey of Literature / Case Studies Survey of MBR Vendors Worldwide Survey of MBR Plant Owners and Operators -9-

10 Survey of Literature / Case Studies 1 Identify Removal Mechanisms for Various Wastewater Contaminants Assess Global Trends with Regard to Water Quality Requirements and Drivers Review Recent Research (published / grey) to Capture MBR Performance Data 1 Includes Development of Predictive Model Survey of MBR Vendors >1 MGD (~4000 m3/d) Includes all Vendors offering MBR Systems for municipal wastewater treatment in US & abroad Requested Basic Information: location, capacity, start-up year, driver for selection, etc -10-

11 Survey of Plant Owner and Operators Targeting Key Parameters related to design, operation and water quality performance Survey web-based to provide easy access and downloading of data MBR Plant: 9 MGD AZ USA Target Plant List based on Key Selection Criteria MBR Plant: 11.9 MGD Germany Phase II Data Analysis / Visualization RELEVANCE: Goal of the Data translation is to demonstrate the impact of operational / design choices on MBR performance and product water quality -11-

12 Phase II Data Analysis / Visualization APPROACH: Review Survey Data (Team Consensus) Bin Data into appropriate performance classifications Team Consensus on Data Analysis / Presentation Phase II Data Analysis / Visualization Assessment of Survey Data to ID Key issues Define MBR Water quality capabilities Define Operating Conditions Required to meet specific water quality objectives Identify strengths/weaknesses of MBR for the removal of specific contaminants Assess nutrient removal limitations of MBR Define optimized operating conditions for EDC/PPCP removal Determine the theoretical operational limits of MBR -12-

13 Phase III Project Workshop and Final Product RELEVANCE: Validate Project Findings Confirm knowledge/technical gaps to identify future research needs Identify best way to present the final product of the project to maximize use by MBR industry Phase III Project Workshop and Final Product APPROACH: Conduct Project Workshop Review of Project Goals and Preliminary Data Work Groups to focus on Specific Topics Finalize Planned Format and Project Deliverable -13-

14 Project Status (Phase I) Prepared write-up on basic removal mechanisms & MBR removal performance related to targeted water quality contaminants Completed survey of eight MBR system vendors Developed and Launched Worldwide MBR Survey to identified plants Summary of MBR Removal Mechanisms Removal Mechanism Biotransformation Contaminant B Size exclusion Sorption to solids Contaminant A Contaminant B Complexation Inertial impaction Contaminant A,B,C Contaminant C,D,E Sorption to membrane biofilm Contaminant A,B,C,D,E, F Contaminant Type A = inorganic micro-constituent B = microbial C = organic micro-constituent D = nutrients E = aggregate organics F = suspended solids -14-

15 Example of Vendor Survey Results Drivers / Process Selection Criterias 11% 1% Footprint Limitation 6% 32% Pretreatment for RO Disinfection Credit 1% 3% Improved Water Quality & Reliability Low Nutrient Requirement Cost-effectiveness 46% Others Example of MBR Predictive Model Output MBR Effluent Quality Depending On SRT 35 COD Concentration (mg COD/L) SRT (days) -15-

16 Worldwide MBR Web Survey I. Background II. Preliminary / Primary Treatment III. Bioreactor Design & Operation IV. Membrane Design & Operation V. Water Quality Goals & Performance VI. Lesson Learned Target MBR Plant List for Survey Facility Number Country Region Design Capacity (MGD) Plant Start Up (Year) Manufacturer Drivers 1 USA Americas GE/Zenon C & D 2 USA Americas GE/Zenon 3 Italy Europe GE/Zenon A 4 UK Europe GE/Zenon 5 USA Americas GE/Zenon D 6 Germany Europe GE/Zenon 7 UK Europe GE/Zenon E 8 USA Americas GE/Zenon 9 Singapore Asia-Pacific GE/Zenon 10 USA Americas GE/Zenon D 11 Spain Europe Huber D 12 USA Americas Enivroquip/Kubota A & F 13 USA Americas Enivroquip/Kubota A & F 14 USA Americas Enivroquip/Kubota A & F 15 USA Americas Enivroquip/Kubota A & D & F 16 UK Europe Enivroquip/Kubota C 17 Dubai Asia-Pacific Kubota A & D 18 China Asia-Pacific Microza 19 Netherlands Europe Norit D 20 Dubai Asia-Pacific Norit A & D 21 China Asia-Pacific Puron 22 USA Americas Siemens D 23 Australia Asia-Pacific Siemens A & G -16-

17 Future Work Tasks Complete MBR Plant Survey Conduct Data Analysis and Visualization Convene Project Workshop Prepare Draft Final Product for submittal to WateReuse Foundation Summer