Starter: WhydidtheFord factorysettlein Almussafes(Valencia) in the1980s? WhywastheGillette factorymoved fromspainto Bulgaria in the 2000s?

Transcription

1 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 1 UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To understand what is the secondary sector 2 To recognize the rare resources in this sector Starter: WhydidtheFord factorysettlein Almussafes(Valencia) in the1980s? WhywastheGillette factorymoved fromspainto Bulgaria in the 2000s?

2 Work with the image, p.84

3 Definition of secondary sector Activities related to extracting raw materials (iron, steel, leather) fromnatureand manufacturing them into finished products (car, bag). Mostimportantactivs: industry, energy sources

4 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 2 UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To be aware of the importance of mining 2 To recognize the types of mining Starter:

5 Mining activity: primary linked to secondary to provide raw materials (p.86) Minerals: inorganic natural resource with a chemical composition Mineral deposits Types of mining: found in Surface mining/quarries Underground mining Underwater mining Drilling wells

6 Underwater mining (submarine prospections)

7 Activs 1-2 p.87 Now you

8 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 3 UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To be aware of the impact of mining 2 To revise on type of energy sources Starter: guess the impacts of mining. Don t open your book yet!

9 Impact of mining (p.87) FromtheIndustrial Revolution(18th cent) Main impacts: Excessivemining: overexploitationof deposits to maintain industrial needs Environment: destroy the landscape, water and soil pollution. Conflicts between countries(ledc): to control thedeposits. Destroysettlements. Neocolonialism. World economic crisis (from 1980s): high costs of mining outsourcing (subcontratación), offshore (externalización)

10 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 3 UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To be aware of how industry evolved in time 2 To see the industrial differences between countries Starter:

11 Originsof industry, p.94 1st stage of industrialisation From domestic production to craft production(factories) Industrial Revol. (England, 18th cent) based on: Technical innovation: new inventions coal based(watt s steam engine, spinning, weaving machines) Division of labour: multiple tasks, different workers Large-scale production: commercial production for international trade.

12 2nd stageof industrialisation(2nd Ind. Revol) p.95 Mass production or Fordist model (US end 19th cent): assembly lines (Ford T factory, photo p.95) New sources of energy: electricity and petrol > productivity, < production costs Products available to everyone Mass consumption Wider differences between developed / developing: USA, Canada, Western Europe Australia, Japan Act. 1-2 pp Asia, Africa Latin America

13 Types of industry Heavy industry: highly polluting, metals and chemistry (in the countryside, coastal areas and industrial areas in MEDC) Light industry: not polluting, at the outskirts or inside towns high tech industries: microelectronics mobile phones computers textiles

14 3rd stage of industrialisation, p.96 20th cent (1970s after the oil crisis) 21st cent New model of industry (post-fordist) New technologies: information, telecommunications, microelectronics Consumer s preferences (tailor-made) Automated system of production (robots) Not only MEDC emerging countries Research and development R&D) Traditionalind(textiles, food) New ind: electronics, biotechnology Nanotechnology (computers, tiny devices to travel through the blood stream for diagnosis) Decentralisationof production(globalisation) outsourcing (subcontratación), offshore (externalización)

15 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To be aware of the importance of location factors for factories Starter: Location factors of a factory in Coslada industrial area

16 Industrial locationfactors, p Access to innovation and information technology 2. Proximity to similar industries 3. Transport and communications 4. Capital 5. Proximity to markets 6. Availability of raw materials 7. Environmental factors Example: Synchrotron, Parc Tecnològic del Vallès

17 Location of modern industry, where is it? Most important factors affecting industrial location nowadays are: transport and labour Locations for industries: Industrial estate (ex: ) Areas on the edge of the cities: heavy manufacturing companies (ex: ) Business parks: a mixture of light manufacturing, offices and retail parks (ex: ) Science parks: high tech companies located in greenfields and linked to a university or an airport (ex: ) Modern industries are footloose: They don t use heavy or bulky raw materials They have a wide choice of locations

18 HW: Locationcase case study. Almussafes, Valencia 1. Do some research about the factories that surround the Ford company. 2. Consideringthelocationfactors, drawa sketch labelling them, then describe them giving as many details possible. Which are the kind of factories located in Almussafes? 3. Whatwouldyousuggesttoreduce thecostof the inputs? 4. Whatdidyoulearn with this activity?

19 Example of a location case study: Company Volkswagen AutoEuropacar plant located in Setúbal(Portugal) devoted to assembling vehicles. Key Location factors are??: AutoEuropa Activ. p.104

20 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 6 UNITS 8-9: The Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To understand that some LEDC developed industrialisation faster since the 1960s: BRICS Starter: work with the graph and table, p.98 acts. 1-3

21 Traditional and emerging powers: Economies based on manufacturing since the 1960s. These countries are known as BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (altogether 27% of the world s ind production) BRICS, p.98 Strategies used by the governments of BRICS to have an industrial development are: -Cheap loans and subsidies for new industries. -Restricted imports to protect national industries from competition ( ) -Currencies were devaluated to make exports cheaper

22 Why is China the world s leading ind power?p.98p.98 Because of: 1.Changes in economic policy: Until 1960s: communist type of economy Priority: basic industries (coal, iron, textile, ) After 1960s: Mixed type of economy (liberal) Privatization of companies Multinational corporations settled in the country

23 Why is China the world s leading ind power?p.98p Abundant resources and cheap labour 3. Main industries now: Electronics: strategic ind (worldwide needed as semifinished products) Basic industries: chemicals, steel, heavy machinery, cement Consumer goods: massive production of textiles, toys, cars, food 4. Location (Google maps)

24 The traditional industrial powersp.99p.99 Activ. 4 p.99 Features: Strong tradition of industry since 19th cent. Skilled labour force High technology The US (Google maps): 2nd ind power (after China) Location: around the Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Coast Traditional ind: cars, chemicals, iron, steel, food High tech ind: aerospace ind, electronics, telecommunication Japan (Google maps): 3rd ind power Aggressive business policies Advanced technological development Leader in the production of cars, electronic equipment, ships and steel The EU: Mainly Ger, UK, Fr and It

25 India: Other BRICS Rapid expansion since 1990s Textiles, steel (traditional), petrochemical, pharmaceutical, car and software Brazil: Largest econ in Latin america Location: from Sao Paulo to Rio, Belo Horizonte Automobile, naval, aeronautic, pharmaceutical inds South Africa: Largest econ in Africa Mining, combustible synthetics Railway components Asian Dragons: Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea

26 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 3 UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To be aware of the position of Spain in the world industry 2 To understand the term deindustrialisation (reconversión industrial) Starter: activs p.100 orally

27 Mining, energy and industry in Spain, p.100 Mining and energy sources Employ 0.2% of the active popul. Until 1980s: important mining producer Non-ferrous minerals: sepiolite (ind absorbent) Ferrous metals: copper, tin, zinc, nickel, lead, gold, silver, wólfram Energy minerals (scarce): coal in Asturias (now imported) Energy sources: Strong dependence on fossil fuels ( ) Recent development of renewable ( )

28 Industrialisation (since 19th cent), p.100 Main ind: Textiles ( ) Coal, iron ( ) Industrial growth (beginning 20th cent) for: Money brought from Cuba and Philippines (invested in ind) Spain neutral during WW1 (but supplier) Building of new infrastructures (railway) Protectionist policies: consumption of national products Main ind: iron, steel, ship-building 1900: 15% of active population 1930: 31%

29 Industrialisation (20th cent), p.100 Ind evolution stopped by the Civil War ( ) Ind expansión between Ind after 1980s: no longer competitive (cheaper prices in former communist Eastern Europe) Reestructuring of ind or Deindustrialisation Many mines, factories and ship-building closed

30 Deindustrialisation By 1960s heavy industry in UK and by 1980s in Spain experienced a serious decline due to: Standards of living (and salaries) increased: need for more and cheaper industrial products Lower wages in BRICS and LEDC: cheaper production Competition from other countries made British and Spanish products uneconomic. Raw materials (coal and iron ore): much cheaper in USA, Australia and Eastern European countries. Example: a car factory in Bilbao extracts iron to make car components and manufatures cars (input: 1MM ) The factory buys the car components in Bulgaria and just assembles the cars and sell them (input 500,000 ). Mines close, factory to make the car components closes, miners and workers unemployed, cars sold cheaper, more benefits for the factory. Why aye man_mark Knopfler song Look for an article from the 1980s mentioning the deindustrialisation in Spain

31 Ind in Spain today, p : world econ crisis affected Spain property bubble (inflated property prices collapsed) consequences? Employment, ind production, salaries, consuming fell Main ind now: Food, drink, tobacco (18% of ind prod) Automobile (car exports: 20%), chemical Location? (google maps, map p.101) Find info about ship-building today

32 Now you Make your own song about the problems of the Spanish industry for the youth Perform it in class or record a video Deadline: 21st, 22nd, 23rd Febr

33 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 5 UNITS 5: Mining, energy and industry. Secondary Sector Learning objective: 1 To tell the difference of industry in MEDC and LEDC Starter: lookingat thecharacteristicsof industryin MEDC, guesswhichare theonesin LEDC

34 Industry in LEDC LEDC have not undergone an Industrial Revolution. The majority of the population in LEDC works in the primary sector Before industrialisation takes place, certain problems must be solved:

35 INDUSTRY IN LEDC Lack of capitals for investment Transport networks need to be improved Local markets are limited. Electricity supplies are weak. Shortage of skilled workforce and expert managers. MEDCs trade unfairly Governments sometimes are corrupted.

36 INDUSTRY IN LEDC There is a serious impact on the environment: Air pollution, global warming, acid rain and ozone layer damage. (Kyoto Protocol??) Land is affected by industrial and toxic waste. Water contaminated with chemicalspills in rivers and oilspills at the sea. Green: signed and ratified Light green: signed Light brown: signed but quitted Dark brown: not signed Grey: not involved

37 Graphic organiser to revise for test Mountain shape: text and photos to ilustrate.. Climax Event Event Problem Resolution