How I Got Run Over by the Carbon Elephant or Buildings as a Climate Change Solu2on. Chris Magwood ONBC 2018

Transcription

1 How I Got Run Over by the Carbon Elephant or Buildings as a Climate Change Solu2on Chris Magwood ONBC 218

2 Where I m coming from A 2 year praccce of ecological design & construccon

3 Considering material & system choices based on criteria: Environmental impacts Embodied energy (and carbon) Indoor environment quality Energy Efficiency Waste Material costs Labour inputs Skill level required by homeowner Sourcing & availability Durability & longevity Building code compliance

4 Take a trip with me down the nerdy rabbit hole of embodied carbon calculacons

5 How do we find out the greenhouse gas emissions related to a parccular material? I started with the ICE (Inventory of Carbon and Energy) database, generated at University of Bath in England. It started in 25 and has been an invaluable resource. But, the data isn t verified or standardized (and is UK and European), so need beper sources

6 Environmental Product DeclaraCons A more reliable source of ecological impact data

7 Varying standards for EPDs Two different standards, not directly comparable!

8 Boundary condicons Ensuring comparisons cover the same boundaries for comparison

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11 PS. We should do this! LCA results ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS PER M2 Owner: No.: ECO EPD: Issued: Valid to: Carlo F. Christensen A/S MD171EN EPD 3rd PARTY VERIFIED Parameter Unit A1A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 D GWP [kg CO2eq.] 5,4,555,89 38,4,415,134 4,5 15,2 ODP [kg CFC11eq.] 3,97E9 4,52E13 6,31E13 4,66E1 1,9E13 8,81E12 1,62E11 AP [kg SO2eq.],42,239,423 6,81E5,575,413,2 EP [kg PO43eq.],882,595,862,349 6,78E5,143,843,249 POCP [kg etheneeq.],395,87 2,4E5 1,61E5,21,334,21 ADPE [kg Sbeq.],125 5,2E8 4,55E7 1,51E5 5,33E8 1,21E8 3,83E7 2,88E6 [MJ] 327 7,66 3,34,66 1,85 7,41 21 VERIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION ISO 1425 & EN 1584 ADPF Caption GWP = Global warming potential; ODP = Ozone depletion potential; AP = Acidification potential of soil and water; EP = Eutrophication potential; POCP = Photochemical ozone creation potential; ADPE = Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources; ADPF = Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources RESOURCE USE PER M2 Parameter Unit A1A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 D PERE [MJ] 262 PERM [MJ] 741 PERT [MJ] 1E3,395 9,87,274,954 1,31 59,9 PENRE [MJ] 33 PENRM [MJ] 6 PENRT [MJ] 336 7,7 3,45,619,7 1,86 8,81 28 SM [kg] RSF [MJ] NRSF [MJ] FW [m3],953,732,48,159,176,983,284 Caption PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non renewable primary energy excluding non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non renewable secondary fuels; FW = Use of net fresh water MD171EN Carlo F. Christensen Page 7 of 11 An EPD for straw bales and hemp would make these opvons that designers looking for materials would actually see. I can t think of a beper role for the ONBC at this point.

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13 Building Component Materials Construction type Kg total ICE 2. factor Other EC factor Total kg CO2e proved performanco2 sequestr Notes Red Foundation Walls & Slab 1) Typical poured concrete Concrete 8 inch concrete wall, 24mPa * N Parging Top 2 feet, 1:1:6 mix N Rebar 1/2" rebar as per OBC N ) High slag concrete Concrete, 5% blast furnace slag 8 inch slag concrete, 24mPa N Parging Top 2 feet, 1:1:6 mix N Rebar 1/2" rebar as per OBC N ) ICF Concrete 8 inch concrete, 24mPa * N Parging Top 2 feet, 1:1:6 mix N Rebar 1/2" rebar as per manufacturer sp N ) Nexcem ICF (formerly DurisConcrete Concrete fill for inch block * N Parging Top 2 feet, 1:1:6 mix N Rebar 1/2 inch rebar as per manufacture N ) Rammed earth blocks Rammed earth blocks 8" Watershed blocks * N Parging Top 2 feet, 1:1:6 mix N Rebar 1/2" rebar as per OBC N Foundation Slab 1) Typical poured concrete Concrete, 24 mpa 4 inch thick slab * N 2) High slag concrete Concrete, 5% blast furnace slag 4 inch thick slab N 3) Earthen floor 4 inches earthen floor N Foundation Insulation * Code Minimum 1) Extruded polystyrene Exterior wall insulation 4 inches XPS foam (R2) kg/m2 at R Y Sub slab insulation 2 inches XPS foam (R1) kg/m2 at R Y ) Expanded polystyrene Exterior wall insulation 4 inches EPS foam 15kg/m3 (R kg per m Y Sub slab insulation 2 inches EPS foam 15 kg/m3 (R9) kg per m Y ) High density spray foam Exterior wall insulation ~4 inches (R2) N/A kg/ft2 at R Y Sub slab insulation ~2 inches (R1) N/A 5.63 kg/ft2 at R Y ) Medium density spray foamexterior wall insulation ~4 inches, 2lb/ft3 (R2) N/A 9.3 kg/ft2 at R Y Sub slab insulation ~2 inches, 2lb/ft3 (R1) N/A 4.53 kg/ft2 at R1 453 Y ) ICF ICF insulation 25/8 inches EPS per side (R24) kg per m Y ICF webbing Polystyrene webs at 8 inches N Sub slab insulation 2 inches EPS foam 15 kg/m3 (R9) kg per m Y

14 Looking at modeling results There can be a wide variavon!

15 Build your own adventure Adding up the different materials that you could choose

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17 Involving the energy nerds to add operavonal carbon emissions to the scenario.

18 Take away points: Embodied carbon can vary widely, and can be negavve (or posivve ) Fuel source makes a huge difference

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20 And this could just be the beginning of an intenvonal effort to store carbon in the built environment.

21 Two key government direcvves drive the imperavve to reduce carbon emissions associated with buildings: OBC ObjecVve OE1.1 CCAP: Buildings and Homes This has been addressed via a focus on the energy efficiency of buildings, and to a lesser degree, electrificavon (via heat pumps). Policy opvon to focus on embodied carbon Pilot projects in City of Vancouver and CaGBC Zero Carbon Building Standard, collecvng embodied carbon data.

22 It s starvng to happen! PublicaVons, government policy acvon, cross sector inivavve from Carbon Leadership Forum and the natural building community has a central role to play.