Competence in conductivity measurement

Transcription

1 Competence in conductivity measurement Sensors, transmitters and compact transmitters for determining conductivity and concentration for all applications

2 Liquid analysis solutions Endress+Hauser is a global provider of solutions for process automation. For all process-engineering processes, the company develops sensors and systems which retrieve, transmit and process information from the processes. Futureoriented services, and products excelling both in terms of price and performance, support the competitiveness of clients thanks to the highest degree of quality, safety and efficiency. Endress+Hauser has been a specialist in analysis measuring technology for the environment and process industry for over 30 years. The extraordinarily high number of research and development resources guarantees the efficiency, performance and high quality of the products. The latest technology for safe processes can be made permanently available to the user. By mastering all technically demanding processing steps, in conjunction with a high degree of automation in almost every production area, Endress+Hauser has achieved a great vertical range of production. As a result, the client receives high and constant product quality as well as rapid and excellent delivery reliability for all standard products or for individual products tailored to suit special applications. Measuring technology from Endress+Hauser stands for reliable measured values, a high degree of availability and long operating times. Competence in conductivity and concentration measurement Over 30 years ago, Endress+Hauser had already begun to use the measurement of electrolytic conductivity not only to monitor water treatment but also to control cleaning processes in the food industry (CIP = Clean in Place). Endress+Hauser is the leader in this respect. The areas of development have since expanded continuously. New products for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry have been introduced, making Endress+Hauser a provider for all sectors today. 2

3 Research and development pay off A lot of specialists contribute to the success of a product programme. At Endress+Hauser, chemists, physicists, design engineers, electronic engineers and software specialists work together to be able to provide a high-quality product programme in every respect. Numerous awards for innovation are proof of the technological leading position of Endress+Hauser. This will also fulfil the ever-increasing demands for accuracy, reliability, functionality and hygiene in the future. Hightech in manufacturing The most modern plastic injection moulding and connection technologies are important processes in sensor production. In addition, each individual sensor undergoes an inspection including the measurement of the cell constants prior to being packaged. The electronic components are manufactured on the latest automatic placement machines and assembly areas. Each assembly is tested individually. The centrally controlled manufacturing subsystems allow a high degree of flexibility in conjunction with a high level of manufacturing safety. This results in consistent high quality. Endress+Hauser in finding solutions for customers In addition to the clear segmentation of the product portfolio for individual sectors, Endress+Hauser offers support in the planning and realisation of customised solutions. Qualified specialists are available for competent application advice. Moreover, Endress+Hauser offers services to ensure the long-term reliability and availability of measuring systems, such as the maintenance, calibration and validation of measuring systems. 3

4 Conductivity and concentration measurement in food and beverages In plants in the food and beverages industry, be it in dairies, breweries or in the production of juices, the standards for cleanliness and hygiene are becoming tighter and tighter. Reliable measuring technology is demanded in particular for the cleaning procedures in the plants (CIP = Clean in Place): you have to guarantee that the cleaning liquids flow through the entire plant for a fixed period at a fixed temperature. For this purpose, Endress+Hauser's conductivity sensors constantly monitor the concentration of the solutions in the return line and the temperature is measured by integrated sensors. On completion of the cleaning, the cleaning water is monitored to ensure that all traces of cleaning agents really have been removed. Thanks to optimised CIP cycles, the owner/operator not only increases process safety but also saves on costs because fewer cleaning agents are introduced in the process. The CIP system, i.e. the preparation of cleaning solutions, is also controlled from a measurement perspective by conductivity sensors from Endress+Hauser: the solutions are created by the controlled dilution of concentrates and can be used several times by repeatedly increasing the concentrate. A further important field of application of conductivity sensors from Endress+Hauser is phase separation in pipes: the conductivity of milk, milk products or beer differs sufficiently from the conductivity of drinking water, making rapid and safe separation possible. The owner/operator saves on costs because he can reduce waste. The sensors from Endress+Hauser for these applications can be sterilised. Cleaning process - phase separation Concentration measurement when increasing concentrate Control of the CIP plant Smartec S NaOH concentrate HNO 3 concentrate Smartec S Smartec S Fill product Empty product NaOH tank Smartec S HNO 3 tank Smartec S HNO 3 acid NaOH alkali Water To filling Centrifuge CIP system Centrifuge CIP system Channel CIP system CIP system 4

5 Sensors Indumax H CLS52 sensor Inductive conductivity sensor for average and high conductivity Hygienic design for the food and beverages industry Rapid temperature response time for efficient phase separation Can be sterilised up to 140 C Available with all process connections common to the hygienic sector Measuring system Measuring system Smartec S CLD132 Transmitter in stainless steel housing With hygienic Indumax H CLS52 sensor Available both as a compact and separate version Pre-defined concentration tables for NaOH, HNO 3, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 Remote switching of measuring ranges and concentration tables available Transmitter Smartec S CLD132 compact Transmitters Liquisys M CLM223, CLM253 and CLM223F Transparent menu structure with plain text in 6 languages Large display with simultaneous display of the measured value and the temperature Concentration measurement with direct display possible Pre-defined concentration tables for NaOH, HNO 3, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 available (CLM223F) With fault-signalling and limit contacts Available as panel-mounted housing 96 x 96 mm (CLM223, CLM223F) or as field housing for wall mounting (CLM253) Same operation for conductivity, ph, turbidity, chlorine and oxygen Mycom S CLM153 Mycom S CLM153 transmitter Liquisys M CLM253 Liquisys M CLM223/223F Transmitter in stable aluminium housing with a wide range of functions For one or two sensor circuits Concentration measurement with direct display possible Pre-defined concentration tables for NaOH, HNO 3, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 Remote switching of measuring ranges and concentration tables With fault-signalling and limit contacts Error log 5

6 Conductivity measurement in the pharmaceutical industry 3 Alarm threshold as per USP In the pharmaceutical industry, particularly high demands are made regarding the hygiene and cleanability of the plant units. The most important raw material is ultrapure water. It is a solvent for a wide range of substances which are introduced or injected and it is used to clean or rinse plants before the next production batch. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standard is the standard that is accepted worldwide for the purity of water. Section 645 lists the demands made on WFI (Water for Injection) in the form of a table with the maximum residual conductivity allowed in relation to the water temperature. As an exceptional feature, this standard uses the uncompensated conductivity values so it is freed from the dependency of the temperature compensation on the individual contaminants. Endress+Hauser offers measuring technology for monitoring WFI water and cleaning water. Limit value overshooting as per USP can be relayed by the Mycom S CLM153 and Liquisys M CLM223/253 transmitters by means of a fault-signalling contact. A preliminary alarm can also be configured: if approx. 80 % of the limit value is achieved, a message is relayed to the user instructing him to regenerate his plant without the water soon becoming unusable. One of the most important demands in pharmaceutical operations is the traceability of the production and the measuring devices as well as the traceability of the calibrations. In addition, calibration should be possible without having to interrupt the sterile process. Endress+Hauser offers the Concal reference system for pure and ultrapure water. The reference system is connected to a sampling valve in the bypass. Traceability to standards of the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and the German National Metrology Institute, PTB (Physikalisch- Technische Bundesanstalt), are described in the certificate enclosed. It is recommended to have Endress+Hauser recalibrate Concal on an annual basis. Conductivity [µs/cm] Stage 1 Requirements for conductivity and temperature (non-temperature compensated Temperature Temperature [ C] conductivity measurement) Preliminary alarm threshold Ultrapure water Maximum conductivity (µs/cm) Calibration with Concal Reverse osmosis Mycom S CLM153 Reference system Concal 6 CLS16 sensor Sterile process Sampling valve

7 Sensors Condumax H CLS16 sensor Unique hygienic design Approvals by FDA and 3-A, sterilisable to EHEDG Large measuring range as of 0.04 µs/cm Inspection certificate 3.1B to EN available Can be sterilised up to 150 C Process connections: Clamp 1", 11 2" and 2", Varivent N DN , NEUMO BioControl D50 Transmitter Mycom S CLM153 transmitter Transmitters Liquisys M CLM223 and CLM253 Mycom S CLM153 Transmitter in stable aluminium housing with a wide range of functions For one or two sensor circuits Large display with simultaneous display of all measured values With special temperature compensation for ultrapure water With fault-signalling and limit contacts With fault-signalling and preliminary alarm contacts for WFI water as per USP (United States Pharmacopeia) Explosion protection available Data logger, error log Calibration Transparent menu structure with plain text in 6 languages Large display with simultaneous display of the measured value and the temperature With special temperature compensation for ultrapure water With fault-signalling and limit contacts Available with faultsignalling and preliminary alarm contacts WFI water as per USP (United States Pharmacopeia) Available as panel-mounted housing 96 x 96 mm (CLM223) or as field housing for wall mounting (CLM253) Liquisys M CLM253 Liquisys M CLM223 Concal reference system Reference system in a case, consisting of calibrated transmitter, calibrated sensor with flow vessel and certificate of calibration for the on-site calibration of ultrapure water measuring systems Calibration in a plant in the bypass without removing the sensor or without interfering with the sterile area On-site calibration of the measuring systems by Endress+Hauser available as a service Calibration of the Concal reference system in accordance with ASTM D by Endress+Hauser using test units traceable to international standards (DKD, NIST) Annual recalibration of the Concal reference system by Endress+Hauser with renewal of the calibration certificate recommended 7

8 Conductivity measurement for chemicals, water and wastewater and energy production The inductive sensor Indumax P CLS50 is used for determining the concentration of acids, alkalis and salts in the chemical industry. It can be supplied with a shaft made of PEEK or the highly resistant fluoropolymer PFA. In the two-wire Mypro CLM431 transmitter and in the comfortable Mycom S CLM153 transmitter, concentration tables can be entered so that the concentration can be displayed to the user immediately in %. In addition, the concentrations of some acids and alkalis are pre-programmed. Both devices are suitable for the Ex-area. Depending on the preconditioning, the Condumax W CLS12, CLS13 or CLS15 sensors are suitable for monitoring the water quality for the boiler feedwater circuits in power stations. The former two sensors can be operated with pressures up to 40 bar. All transmitters have the necessary temperature compensation for ultrapure water. The Mycom S CLM153 transmitter also has compensation for pure acid conductivity after the cation exchanger and ph determination from the differential conductivity before and after the cation exchanger (as per Directive VGB-R 450L of the German Association of Power Plant Operators, Technische Vereinigung der Großkraftwerksbertreiber e.v.). The Condumax W CLS21 sensor is provided with the Liquisys M CLM253 transmitter for on-line monitoring of the residual conductivity (according to the German TVO Drinking Water Directive) in drinking water or in sewage treatment plant outlets. In this way, the owner/operator achieves water quality monitoring with zero delay. The Liquisys M CLM223/253 series of transmitters allows easy operation by means of a uniform operating interface right across the parameters conductivity, ph, chlorine and dissolved oxygen. In the inlet of sewage treatment plants, the inductive sensor Indumax P CLS50 is your best choice as it is insensitive to contamination. With the aid of the Dipfit P CLA111 assembly, it can be mounted in open channels and in closed tanks. Boiler feedwater circuit in power stations Conductivity measuring point Detailed plan of measuring point: conductivity before and after the cation exchanger Boiler Turbine Turbine Generator Mycom S CLM153 Cooling unit/ pressurereducing valve CLS15 CLS15 Centrifugal pump Low pressure pre-heater Pump 8 High pressure pre-heater Feedwater tank Condensate cleaning Cation exchanger Outlet

9 Sensors Condumax W CLS12 and CLS13 sensors Robust conductive sensors for the power plant sector Up to 160 C (CLS12) or 250 C (CLS13); up to 40 bar Associated flow vessel: CLA751 made of stainless steel ( (AISI 316Ti)) Condumax W CLS15 sensor Multi-faceted and accurate sensor for pure and ultrapure water Monitoring of ion exchangers, reverse osmosis plants etc. Chipcleaning in the semiconductor industry CLS12 CLS13 CLS15 CLS21 CLS50 Transmitter Mycom S CLM153 transmitter Transmitter in stable aluminium housing with a wide range of functions For one or two sensor circuits Large display with simultaneous display of all measured values With special temperature compensation for ultrapure water (NaCl and HCl) Concentration measurement with direct display possible With fault-signalling and limit contacts Version for use in hazardous areas available Mypro CLM431 transmitter, Mypro CLD431 measuring system Two-wire transmitter for conductive or inductive sensors Separate and compact version available Easy installation Version for use in hazardous areas available Transmitters Liquisys M CLM223 and CLM253 Transparent menu structure with plain text in 6 languages Large display with simultaneous display of the measured value and the temperature With fault-signalling and limit contacts Available as panel-mounted housing 96 x 96 mm (CLM223) or as field housing for wall mounting (CLM253) Same operation for conductivity, ph, turbidity, chlorine and oxygen Mycom S CLM153 Condumax W CLS21 sensor Conductive sensor for the average conductivity range up to 20 ms/cm For drinking water and sewage treatment plant outlets Associated submersion holder: Dipfit W CLA111 made of PP for open and closed tanks Calibration Calibration solutions CLY11 For the easy calibration of conductivity sensors Available from 74 µs/cm to 107 ms/cm Mypro CLD431 CLA111 Indumax P CLS50 sensor Robust inductive sensor for the average to high conductivity range For the chemical, wastewater and the paper industry With threaded connection or flange Associated submersion holder: Dipfit P CLA140 or Dipfit W CLA111 Concal reference system CLA140 Reference system in a case, consisting of calibrated transmitter, calibrated sensor with flow vessel and certificate of calibration for the on-site calibration of ultrapure water measuring systems On-site calibration of the measuring systems by Endress+Hauser available as a service Liquisys M CLM253 Liquisys M CLM223 9

10 Simple measuring principle The measurement of electrolytic conductivity in liquids directly in the process has been applied for many years in the process-engineering industry for control and monitoring purposes. Since all the ionic parts of acids, alkalis and salts contribute to the conductivity, this is a very multi-faceted measurement method for determining the concentration of chemical solutions or the purity of water µs/cm Water Ultrapure water Electrolytic conductivity in liquids arises from the fact that acids, alkalis and water-soluble salts dissociate into positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. Just like electrons in wires, these ions contribute to the charge transport in the electric field and thus to the current flow. 1 µs/cm Pure water In addition, there is also a slight intrinsic conductivity of the water since the water molecules H 2 O dissociate to a slight degree into H + and OH - ions. This is of major importance if the purity of ultrapure water has to be determined for the pharmaceutical or semi-conductor industry. 10 µs/cm Industrial water Organic solvents have hardly any electric conductivity. 100 µs/cm Food Drinking water 1 ms/cm 10 ms/cm Beer Milk Orange juice Apple juice Tomato juice Salt Acid 100 ms/cm Process Phosphoric acid Sulphuric acid Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide Base 1000 ms/cm 10

11 with sophisticated technology In practice, process-engineering processes are carried out under very different and alternating temperatures. However, in order to compare the measured conductivity values with one another, it is normal to relate all the measured values to the reference temperature of 25 C. This means that a value is displayed that the liquid would have at 25 C. For this reason, Endress+Hauser transmitters have temperature measurement and several ways of compensating the temperature. In the simplest case, a fixed temperature coefficient is entered; it is 2.2 %/ C for salts and alkalis and around 1.5 %/ C for acids. As a result, good compensation results can be achieved for temperature changes in restricted ranges. If a larger temperature range has to be covered, the user can avail of the pre-defined NaCl compensation as per IEC or enter a table for temperature-dependent coefficients for his product. Special algorithms are required for ultrapure water since the temperature coefficient of the intrinsic conductivity (up to over 7 %/ C) differs greatly from the temperature coefficients of the "contaminants" (approx. 2.1 %/ C). Endress+Hauser transmitters have the necessary ultrapure water compensation. The owner/operator often prefers to display the concentration of the solution directly in %. Endress+Hauser transmitters make this possible by entering concentration tables. Since the temperature is also entered in addition to the conductivity and the related concentration, the values displayed are temperature-compensated. Fixed algorithms are available for CIP solutions NaOH, HNO 3, H 3 PO 4, H 2 SO 4. All transmitters are available with a Profibus or HART interface for connection to programmable logic controllers and process control systems. Conductivity [µs/cm] 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 H 2 O 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0, Temperature [ C] Conductivity [ms/cm] at 25 C H 2 SO 4 HNO H 3 PO NaOH Concentration [%] Left: the conductivity of ultrapure water increases dramatically with increasing temperature Right: concentration-dependent conductivity of strong electrolytes Transmitter for conductivity from Endress+Hauser Mycom S CLM153 For up to two sensors Wide range of functions Stable aluminium field housing Version for use in hazardous areas Liquisys M CLM223/223F/253 Same operation as for ph, turbidity, oxygen, chlorine Panel-mounted housing (CLM223, 223F) or field housing (CLM253) CLM223F with CIP concentration tables and measuring range switching Version for use in hazardous areas available for Zone 2 Smartec S CLD132 Stainless steel housing for the food sector Separate transmitter or compact with sensor CIP concentration tables Measuring range switching available Mypro CLM431 Two-wire device Version for use in hazardous areas Mycom S CLM153 Smartec S CLD132 Liquisys M CLM223/223F/253 Mypro CLM431 11

12 Conductivity sensors working on the conductive measuring principle Working principle: The electrical conductivity of liquids is determined with a measuring arrangement in which two electrodes are located opposite one another as is the case with a capacitor. According to Ohm's Law, the electrical resistance R or its reciprocal value, conductance G, is measured. The specific conductivity κ (Greek: kappa) is determined from this with the aid of the cell constant k, which describes the geometry of the electrode arrangement: κ= k. G = k / R The cell constant k usually has the unit cm -1 and is specified by the manufacturer for each sensor. In the case of the ideal plate capacitor, the cell constant is k = electrode separation distance / electrode surface The choice of sensor with a certain cell constant is based on the desired measuring range: the lower the conductivity, the smaller the cell constant selected. The size of the cell constant has an influence on the optimum arrangement of the electrodes. For ultrapure water, a concentric arrangement of the cylindrical electrodes is preferred. Advantages of conductive sensors: High sensitivity Can be used for the ultrapure water range right through to the drinking water range Simple design Limits of conductive sensors: For high conductivities measuring range restricted due to the polarisation effect at the electrodes Change in the cell constant with products that cause residue k=0.01cm -1 k=0.1cm -1 k=1cm -1 Conductive conductivity sensors from Endress+Hauser Condumax W CLS12/13 For power stations: boiler feedwater Up to 160 C or 250 C Up to 40 bar Approval for use in hazardous areas Condumax W CLS15 For pure and ultrapure water Ion exchanger, reverse osmosis, chip industry Approval for use in hazardous areas Condumax H CLS16 Hygienic sensor FDA, EHEDG, 3-A For pharmaceutical industry Approval for use in hazardous areas Condumax W CLS19 For pure and ultrapure water Low-cost sensor Condumax W CLS21 For media separation For drinking water/ wastewater Up to 20 ms/cm Approval for use in hazardous areas CLS12 CLS13 CLS15 CLS16 CLS19 CLS21 12

13 Conductivity sensors working on the inductive measuring principle Working principle: 4 In inductive conductivity measurement, a transmitter coil (1) creates a magnetic alternating field which induces an electric voltage in the medium. This causes the positively or negatively charged ions in the fluid to be set in motion and an electric alternating current flows in the liquid (2). This current generates a magnetic alternating field in the receiving coil (3). This causes an induction current in the coil which is evaluated by the electronics (4). The conductivity is then determined from this. Advantages of inductive sensors: No restrictions for high conductivities due to polarisation effects No galvanic contact with the medium Insensitive to contamination Limits of inductive sensors: Less sensitive so not suitable for pure or ultrapure water Inductive sensors 1 2 k = 5,9 cm -1 CLS52 3 k = 1,98 cm -1 CLS50 Inductive conductivity sensors from Endress+Hauser Conductive sensors k = 0,1 cm -1 CLS16 k = 0,1 cm -1 CLS12/15/19 k = 0,01 cm -1 CLS12/15/19 k = 1 cm -1 CLS21 Indumax P CLS50 Rugged structure High chemical resistance thanks to PEEK or PFA Up to 125 or 180 C Approval for use in hazardous areas Indumax H CLS52 Hygienic design for the food industry Numerous process connections Rapid temperature measurement Part of the Smartec S CLD132 measuring system 0,01 0,1 1, Ultrapure water Pure water µs/cm Industrial water Wastewater ms/cm Concentrate 13

14 Conductivity sensors - technical data and applications The choice of sensor is the crux to a successful solution to a measuring application. Not only is the desired measuring range important here, but every measuring point is subject to special requirements with regard to product temperature, process pressure, corrosive chemicals, negative ambient conditions and possibly explosion protection. 14 Condumax W CLS12 Condumax W CLS13 Condumax W CLS15 Main area of application Power plants Power plants Production of ultrapure water, monitoring of ion exchangers, reverse osmosis, distillation, chip cleaning Condumax H CLS16 Measuring principle Conductive Conductive Conductive Conductive Cell constant a) 0.01 cm -1 b) 0.1 cm -1 a) 0.01 cm -1 b) 0.1 cm -1 a) 0.01 cm -1 b) 0.1 cm cm -1 Measuring range a) µs/cm b) µs/cm a) µs/cm b) µs/cm a) µs/cm b) µs/cm Hygienic sensor for monitoring ion exchangers, reverse osmosis, distillation, WFI (Water for Injection) in the pharmaceutical industry µs/cm Temperature measurement Pt 100 Pt 100 Pt 100 Pt 100, Pt 1000 Process connections G 1 NPT 1" Wetted materials /316Ti EPDM, PEEK G 1 NPT 1" /316Ti Kalrez, ceramic NPT 1 2" NPT 3 4" Clamp 11 2" /316L PES (polyethersulphon) Electr. connection Cable gland Cable gland Connector Fixed cable Max. process temperature 160 C 250 C 130 C Can be sterilised up to 150 C Clamp 1", 11 2", 2" Varivent N DN BioControl D /316L PEEK (FDA), EPDM (FDA) TOP 68 plug-in system Fixed cable 120 C Can be sterilised up to 150 C Max. process pressure 40 bar (100 C) 40 bar (250 C) 12 bar (20 C) 12 bar (20 C) Quality certificate with cell constant Explosion protection Other certificates Option: 3.1B FDA, 3-A, EHEDG Option: 3.1B Suitable assemblies CLA751 On request Food industry CIP applications Phase separation Leak monitoring Chemicals industry Concentration measurement Deionised water production Pharmaceutical industry WFI water production Monitoring of rinse cycles Water/wastewater Drinking water monitoring Sewage treatment plant inlet Sewage treatment plant outlet Power plants Water steam circuits

15 For this reason, Endress+Hauser is offering a whole portfolio of sensors which have all been optimised for certain applications. In particular, this affects the range of process connections tailored for the industry, the choice of wetted materials as well as the layout with regard to temperature peaks during sterilisation. All sensors are available with temperature sensors. Main area of application Condumax W CLS19 Low-cost sensor for ultrapure water applications Condumax W CLS21 Media separation for average conductivity, drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment Indumax P CLS50 Concentration measurement of acids, alkalis and salts in the chemical industry, product monitoring and wastewater treatment Measuring principle Conductive Conductive Inductive Inductive Cell constant a) 0.01 cm -1 b) 0.1 cm -1 1 cm cm cm -1 Measuring range a) µs/cm b) µs/cm Indumax H CLS52 Smartec S CLD132 Control of CIP cycles, CIP concentrate increase, phase separation in the food industry ms/cm ms/cm ms/cm Temperature measurement Pt 100, without sensor Pt 100, without sensor Pt 100 Pt 100 Process connections NPT 1 2" G 1 NPT 1" Dairy fitting DN 25, DN 40 Clamp 2" Wetted materials /SS 316Ti PES (polyethersulphon) Graphite PES (polyethersulphon) Electr. connection Connector Connector Fixed cable G 3 4 NPT 1" Flange DN 50/ANSI 2"/ JIS 10K PEEK/PFA, PTFE /SS 316L Fixed cable Max. process temperature 60 C 150 C 125 C, Option 180 C Max. process pressure 6 bar (20 C) 16 bar (20 C) bar depending on version Dairy fitting DN 50 Clamp 2", SMS 2" Thread G11 2 Varivent N DN PEEK, Chemraz TM /SS 316L Fixed cable 125 C Can be sterilised up to 140 C 16 bar (20 C) Quality certificate with cell constant Explosion protection Option Other certificates Suitable assemblies CLA111, CLA751, CLA752 CLA111, CLA140 Food industry CIP applications Phase separation Leak monitoring Chemicals industry Concentration measurement Deionised water production Pharmaceutical industry WFI water production Monitoring of rinse cycles Water/wastewater Drinking water monitoring Sewage treatm. plant inlet Sewage treatm. plant outlet Power plants Water steam circuits 15

16 Supplementary documentation Technical Information TI 082C Condumax W CLS TI 083C Condumax W CLS TI 109C Condumax W CLS TI 227C Condumax H CLS TI 110C Condumax W CLS TI 085C Condumax W CLS TI 182C Indumax P CLS TI 167C Indumax H CLS TI 193C Liquisys M CLM2x TI 237C Liquisys M CLM223F TI 234C Mycom S CLM TI 207C Smartec S CLD TI 195C Mypro CLM/CLD431 inductive TI 202C Mypro CLM/CLD431 conductive TI 135C Dipfit W CLA TI 196C Dipfit P CLA TI 162C Buffer solution CLY TI 163C Concal Instruments International 03.04/MSC Endress+Hauser GmbH+Co. KG Instruments International P.O. Box Weil am Rhein Germany Tel Fax info@ii.endress.com FA 035C/07/en/ DT/INDD 2.0