LOW-ENERGY BUILDINGS IN EUROPE. Standards, criteria and consequences

Transcription

1 LOW-ENERGY BUILDINGS IN EUROPE Standards, criteria and consequences

2 low energy use energy-efficiency sustainable development CO 2 emissions...

3 Low-energy building Passive house Zero energy building...and many more EPBD 2020 all buildings nearly zero energy

4 ?

5 Katharina Thullner Civ.Ing., Technical University Lund, Sweden Diploma thesis in cooperation with Swegon, Tomelilla Aims existing definitions and regulations in 9 European countries criteria and limit values - 4 subject areas (building envelope, energy, ventilation, follow-up) focus on criteria on ventilation comparison criteria / comfort guideline values consequences on building suitable ventilation systems limited to residential buildings

6 Concept low-energy buildings - example Passive house

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8 FEBY Mini-energy house Certification Verification FEBY Passive house FEBY Zero energy house

9 Certification Low-energy (NS3700, upcoming) Passive house (NS3700, upcoming) - - NS3700 is now available since April 2010! Low-energy class 1,2 + Passive house Passive house - PHI

10 Low-energy building Class 1 Class 2 Passive house - PHI Certification - -

11 Certification Low-energy building - M-30, M-35, M-40, M-45, M-50 Passive house - P-15, P-20, P-25

12 Certification RAL Low-energy b. RAL Passive house Passive house PHI Passivhouse suitable components PHI 3-litre-house - Effizienzhouse 70, 85 -

13 Low-energy building (state-aided) Passive house (state-aided) 3-litre-house Klima:aktiv house Certification - - Klima:aktiv passive house

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15 Certification MINERGIE MINERGIE-P MINERGIE ECO MINERGIE P-ECO

16 Certification Passive house PHI

17 Certification Passive house PHI -

18 Limit values Building envelope Energy Follow-up Ventilation

19 Limit values Building envelope U-values windows W/m 2 K U-values outer walls W/m 2 K Air tightness h -1

20 Limit values Energy Varies very much between the different definitions Reasons different calculation methods differently included energy posts energy level (primary energy?)

21 Limit values Follow-up Air tightness (blower-door test) self-documentation Actual energy use (Sweden) Indoor air quality (spot tests, Switzerland)

22 Limit values Ventilation Prescribed ventilation system? Airflow rates Noise levels Efficiency of units

23 Heat exchanger efficiencies η t η WRG η WBG η WRG, t, eff η t 70 % 70 % η WRG

24 Air exchange rates 0,3 h -1 0,7 h -1 0,4-0,5 h -1

25 Compilation - Ventilation system criteria LOW ENERGY ALL except SWI SWE NOR DEN FIN GER AUT SWI GB / POL Airflow Airflow - supply air n! 0,5 ach n! 0,5 ach n! 0,5 ach n! 0,5 ach n! 0,5 ach n mech! 0,5 ach n! 0,3 / n! 0,4 ach - 30 m 3 /h p.p. Disbalance " 10% " 10% - - Temperatures Supply air temperature " 52 C " 52 C " 52 C - - Noise Noise - bedroom 25 db(a) 26 db(a) db(a) 25 db(a) 25 db(a) 25 db(a) - Noise - living room 25 db(a) 25 db(a) 25 db(a) - Heat exchanger efficiency " " t " WRG - not specified ! 80% - " t " WRG! 70% - n(t)! 70% EN308! 75% ! 75% - - "' W " WBG, t, eff! 70% ! 70% "' W Heat exchanger frost protection Frost protection Power Power - system " 0,5 Wh/m " 0,5 Wh/m SFP-factor " 2,0 kw/m 3 s - " 2,0 kw/m 3 s - " 2,5 kw/m 3 s Filter Filter - air intake F F7 F7 F7 F7 - Control Regulation 3 levels levels 3 levels - - Demand control! ! -

26 Suitable Ventilation system Low-energy building Airflow Airflow - supply air n! 0,5 ach Heat exchanger frost protection Frost protection - Disbalance " 10% Temperatures Supply air temperature " 52 C Noise Noise - bedroom 25 db(a) Noise - living room Heat exchanger efficiency " - not specified Power Power - system " 0,5 Wh/m 3 SFP-factor " 2,0 kw/m 3 s Filter Filter - air intake Control F7 Regulation 3 levels Demand control! " t " WRG "' W! 70% - EN308! 75%! 70% " WBG, t, eff

27 Suitable Ventilation system Passive house Airflow Airflow - supply air n! 0,5 ach Heat exchanger frost protection Frost protection! Disbalance " 10% Temperatures Supply air temperature C Noise Noise - bedroom 25 db(a) Noise - living room Heat exchanger efficiency " " t " WRG - not specified! 80% - EN308! 75% Power Power - system 0,45 Wh/m 3 SFP-factor " 1,5 kw/m 3 s Filter Filter - air intake Control Regulation 3 levels F7 1: 70-80% 2: 100% 3: 130% Demand control! "' W " WBG, t, eff! 70%! 75%

28 Recommended comfort values Criteria Thermal comfort Operative temperature, C Winter Higher comfort class Lower comfort class C recommended is < 23 C Summer C Floor temperature, C General C C Rooms not intended for children C Vertical temperature difference, C < 2 C < 3 C Air velocity, m/s at 20 C < 0.10 m/s < 0.15 m/s at 26 C < 0.15 m/s < 0.25 m/s - < 52 C 0,3 m/s Hygienic climate Air quality Concentrations Radon 100 Bq/m 3 CO 2 mg/m 3 NO 2 40 µg/m 3 O 3 50 µg/m 3 HCHO 50 µg/m 3 Filter classes at least F7 Acoustic climate 1 LpA 2, db (A) Residential rooms F db(a)

29 Conclusions Great number of defined low-energy building types Some definitions more comprehensive some less High heat exchanger efficiencies required Not impossible to meet, but attention on which efficiency (definition) is meant!

30 Read more Low-energy buildings in Europe - Standards, criteria and consequences A study of nine European countries Katharina Thullner Avdelningen för installationsteknik Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknologi Lunds tekniska högskola Lunds universitet, 2010 Rapport TVIT--10/5019 Rapport EBD-R--10/32 Thank you