Glass Technology and Tools: Supporting High Performance, Integrated Fenestration Systems

Transcription

1 Glass in Architecture: Balancing Beauty, Light, Air, Comfort and Energy Pacific Energy Center 10/8/2014 Glass Technology and Tools: Supporting High Performance, Integrated Fenestration Systems Stephen Selkowitz Group Leader, Windows and Daylighting

2 Glazing, Windows and Facades: Two Contrasting Views of Energy Efficiency 1976 Perspective: Code Official s View of the Ideal Windows 2014 Perspective: Architect s View of the Ideal Windows

3 Energy Efficient Building in 2050?? 3

4 Testing Your Glass and Energy IQ 1. Building Energy Use Isn t a Serious Problem 2. We Have Enough Coal to Last 500 yrs so Why Worry 3. What s the Minimum Payback or ROI needed? 4. Highly Glazed Buildings are: Energy Hogs? Energy Providers? 5. Window vs. Highly Insulating Wall Worse Equal Better? 6. Markets Work Well always deliver what we need 7. Industry responds best to 1) carrots? 2) sticks? 8. Good Designs Always Perform Well in the Field

5 Building Envelope as Dynamic Filter Rain umidity Air Velocity Dust, Dirt Exterior Climate Air Velocity Temperature Humidity Indoor Env. Temperature Radiation Outdoors Large dynamic ranges Highly variable over time Radiation Indoors Limited dynamic ranges Controlled over time

6 Optimizing Energy in Integrated Facades Dependent on a number of parameters Climate Orientation Building Type Fenestration area Glass type Operations Daylight Shading Need to balance a number of issues Energy Demand Carbon Peak Cooling Comfort: visual/thermal View Appearance Energy Use Increased lighting energy use and gains Slopes vary depending on efficiency of lighting and HVAC systems Minimum energy use Ideal: Integrated approach to façade-lighting-hvac building systems to achieve optimum energy-efficiency and comfort. Increased solar heat gains

7 Commercial Building Window Energy Use What if all windows in commercial buildings were replaced with...? 2010 Cost = $20B Current Stock Today's Tech. Today's Typical Product Low-e Future Technologies Dynamic Highly Insulating Dynamic " " with Integrated Façades Saves $15B Heat Cool Lighting Potential Annual Primary Energy Consumption, Quads

8 Stretch Goals for Fenestration 1. Net Zero Windows that Outperform Insulated Walls 2. Deliver Value: View, Daylight, Comfort, Amenity, 3. Measured Performance Matches Promises 4. Facades that are durable, long term investments

9 Vision: Windows for Zero-Energy Buildings? Facades: Energy Losers --> Neutral --> Suppliers Fenestration -> Net Zero Energy Impact Heating climates Reduce heat losses so that ambient solar energy balances and exceeds loss Need lower heat loss technologies Cooling climates Reduce cooling loads Static control -> dynamic control All climates Replace electric lighting with daylight Electricity supply options? Photovoltaics-building skin as power source

10 The Battle for the Wall : 3 Pathways Just meet the code" Small Windows, prescriptive properties, e.g. double No special shading or daylighting Mainstream good solutions: (prescriptive packages) Modest sized windows, skylights Double glazing Spectrally selective glass Manually operated Interior shading On-off lighting controls Architectural Solution: Transparent Intelligent Façade Highly glazed façade; extended daylighted zone Reliable tools reduce risk High Performance technology with Systems Integration Dynamic, smart control- automated shading, dimmable lights Economic from Life cycle perspective Optimized for people and for energy, electric demand

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12 Promoting Window Energy Innovation X Y Z Core Capabilities: Facilities, Testing, Simulation Models Innovative Products Manuf. A/E Firms High Perf Buildings Tools and Knowledge Base

13 High Performance Fenestration might need. 1. High Performance Components and Systems Kit of Parts: heat loss, solar gain, daylight air, moisture 2. Integrated, Responsive, Intelligent Systems Links to other building systems: lighting, HVAC Responsive to occupant, owner, electric grid Smart: adaptive to changing needs 3. New Delivery Model: Guaranteed Energy Performance Design, Construct, Operate to deliver on promises 4. Tools and Data to Achieve goals above Simulation tools Testing for Validation, Verification and Innovation

14 1. High Performance Components, Systems Insulating technologies Strategies for very low U glazings Solar control technologies Optimizing solar control, angle dependence Daylight technologies Daylight redirecting systems, dynamic Ventilation technologies w/ thermal capture Thermal Storage Energy generation, BIPV

15 Highly insulating, low heat loss glazing Nearer Term Objective: U-value < 0.8 W/m 2 -K Long Term Target: U-value < 0.5 W/m 2 -K Approaches: Low-Emissivity Coatings Low Conductance Gas Fills Warm edge low conductance spacers Insulated Frame Systems

16 High R-value Window Performance: IGU Glass - Edge Surface temperatures from infrared thermography; Test conditions: cold side -18 C, warm side 21 C) Warmer surfaces indicate higher insulating values; Energy Star Window (left) vs LBNL HiR technology Double Glazed Low-e Triple Glazed Low-e, Krypton (plastic insert center layer) 21 C 18 C 15 C 12 C 9 C 6 C 3 C 0 C

17 Highly Insulating Window Designs: U~.1Btu/sf-F Market Today Glazing Options Emerging FY15-FY20 Two low-e Three low-e Two low-e Thin glass single seal Krypton One low-e Vacuum Two low-e Vacuum Hybrid Aerogel Super-insulating frame with highly insulated glazing

18 Cold Climate Annual Energy vs Glazing Properties Cold Climate Heating and Cooling Energy Use Single Glaze 4.77/ 0.64 Double Clear 2.78/ 0.56 Double Low-e 2.1/ 0.53 Energy Gain U-factor (W/m2 K)/ SHGC (-) Triple Low-e 1.0/ 0.40 Energy Loss Triple Low-e Improved Frame 0.68/ 0.44 Dynamic Triple 0.68/

19 NEWSFLASH (from 1989!): North-facing Windows Outperform Insulated Walls

20 Solar-Optical Properties of Windows? Highly Transparent View, Daylight Passive solar gain in winter Solar Protection Reduce Cooling energy Minimize cooling system size and cost Manage Glare Control Options: Spectrum tuning Intensity dim Distribution into Room redirection

21 Spectrally Selective Cool Glazings Spectral control- transmit light, reject near-ir heat Equal daylight with only 50% of solar gain Technology: Selective Absorbers blue-green tints Selective reflectors modified low-e coatings coated glass and plastic Multilayer dielectric Transmittance -vs- Wavelength

22 Light to Solar Gain Ratio = Tvis / SHGC LSG = 2.0 LSG = 1.0 Tvis 60% 2.5 x cooling load! 20% 6 x cooling load! SHGC

23 What are the Best Solar Optical Properties for a Window Anywhere in the U.S.? Varies with Location and Orientation. Varies with Season and Weather. Varies with Occupant Use Patterns So the best solution is a window whose properties are variable.

24 SMART GLASS: Change properties based on needs Light to Solar Gain Ratio = Tvis / SHGC LSG = 2.0 LSG = 1.0 Tvis Tvis: SHGC:.09.5 SHGC

25 Smart Coatings for Dynamic Control of Windows Balancing Cooling and Daylighting, View and Glare Flexible, optimized control of solar gain and daylight Passive control Photochromic - light sensitive Thermochromic - heat sensitive Active control Liquid Crystal Suspended particle display (SPD) Electrochromic Active control preferred; but requires wiring windows for power and control + Automated blinds, shades, etc ON OFF

26 Static vs Active Glazings: Cooling vs Lighting Performance Cooling Energy Lighting Energy

27 2003: Engineering and Occupant Response Studies with Switchable Electrochromic Windows LBNL Façade Field Test Facility

28 Large Scale EC Applications

29 Current Dynamic Glazing Label

30 Daylighting Working Hypothesis: All buildings with windows or skylights are daylighted Daylighting has great potential as an energy and cost saver Daylight is desired by most building occupants Bad News Many A/Es cannot design a well daylighted space Few daylighted buildings, as built and operated, save electric lighting energy, effectively manage glare and cooling

31 (Day)Lighting Control Elements Ambient Illum S elec + S daylt sensor ballast controller ballast lamp Electric Light Task Illum View Daylight

32 Good Lighting Controls (Daylight Dimming) Work 40-60% Savings 40-80% Savings Data from advanced lighting controls demonstration in Emeryville, CA (1990)!!! Energy Use before retrofit: After retrofit: South zone: North zone: But Dimming is only 3% of lighting sales!

33 New Daylighting Technologies and Systems Potential: 100% increase in potential perimeter savings Improve visual comfort in perimeter zone -> greater acceptance Improve uniformity of daylight in perimeter zone Extend the impact of daylight from 5m deep to 10-15m Challenges: Improve Existing Solutions Invent New Solutions

34 Holy Grail: Daylight Redirecting Optics Triple floor space impact w/o Glare lower window clerestory 3m Daylight Glazing provides good, glarefree daylight 10m from window wall 10m Summer Equinox Winter Optics, Geometry optimized for all seasons, without moving parts? 30' Diffuse light 10'

35 Beam Daylighting Experiments ~1977 LBNL Bldg 50 Office Venetian blinds: slats in upper 50cm modified with reflective coatings; 10m deep penetration with > 500lux

36 Automated daylight blind: concave-up slats with mirrored coating in upper zone and light grey finish in lower zone

37 New Technology for Light Control Conventional Directional control glass block, fritted glass, diffusers shading systems New Options Special blinds Prismatic glazings Holographic materials Laser cut panels Light pipes and Fiber optics Emerging Options Nano- based optical control Static dynamic control of light Challenges Fabrication at affordable cost Characterization - how do they perform?

38 Venetian blind; Noon Light Redirecting Coatings Prismatic Coating; Noon

39 Using Sunlight Effectively? Electric conversion vs Direct Use % PV 16 Electric Power 25% Lamp 4 Light 50% Light Fixture 2 Lighted Room % Skylight 50 Light 50% Room 25 Lighted Room % Window 25 30% Light Room 8 Lighted Room

40 2. Integrated, Responsive, Intelligent System Links to other building systems: Lighting HVAC Building-wide automation Responsive to: occupant owner electric grid Integration can lower net cost Smart: adaptive to changing needs Reliable operation.

41 An Intelligent Façade might.. Manage thermal loss and gain Provide dynamic solar control: Provide glare-free daylight Provide fresh air to interior, minimize noise Enhance occupant health, comfort Reduce demand on utility Generate power (photovoltaics)

42 What Happens When You Don t Get Integration Right? Bloomberg BusinessWeek Magazine 2/27/2012

43 Optimizing Energy in Integrated Facades Dependent on a number of parameters Climate Orientation Building Type Fenestration area Glass type Operations Daylight Shading Energy Use Increased lighting energy use and gains Slopes vary depending on efficiency of lighting and HVAC systems Increased solar heat gains Need to balance between a number of issues Energy Demand Carbon Peak Cooling Comfort: visual/thermal View Appearance Minimum energy use Ideal: Integrated approach to façade-lighting-hvac building systems to achieve optimum energyefficiency and comfort. It s Complicated!!

44 System integration Cost tradeoffs Buildings Smart Grid $ Heating Cooling Lighting $ Office Eq. Peak Cooling Load Lighting Design Strategy $ Chiller Size Energy, Peak Electric Demand, Load Shape $ Onsite Power Generation Central Power Generation Initial Cost Annual Cost $ $ $

45 Exploring Intelligent Control Systems: Maximum performance requires full integration with all building systems (manual control??) Task Requirements User Preferences Interior Conditions Smart Controllers Dynamic Window (active control of daylight, glare, solar gain) Lighting Systems (with dimming ballasts, sensors) H V A C Weather Conditions Load Shedding/ Demand Limiting Signal Energy Information System Building Performance (cost, comfort, operations) Sensors, meters,

46 An Intelligent Window might.. High Performance Components and Systems Kit of Parts Key functions Provide solar control to meet instantaneous needs: Block direct sun to avoid thermal and visual discomfort Control solar heat gains to minimize heating or cooling energy use and ensure thermal comfort - Collect solar heat gains and distribute as a heating source - Reject solar heat gains to reduce cooling loads Provide comfortable daylight Provide fresh air to interior while minimizing noise Enhance occupant health, comfort, and performance: maintain view to outdoors, combat SAD, etc. Reduce operational cost based on energy cost signal from the utility Power generation (photovoltaics)

47 Electrochromic Smart Windows: Progress Towards the Marketplace Technology, Design, Integration Challenges 47

48 Automated Shading Controls Glare Throughout the Day Time Lapse from Tests in LBNL Façade Test Facility: Interior Daylight Luminance Patterns with Dynamic Shading LBNL Façade Test Facility

49 Responsive: Window Room House Community/Grid

50 Gathering In-Situ Occupant Data on Daylight/Shading from Desktop Polling Station 50 Source: K Konis

51 Annual Energy Costs in Perspective Cost / Sq. M. Floor -Year Energy Cost: $20.00 Maintenance: $30.00 Taxes: $30.00 Rent: $ Productivity $

52 3. Guaranteed Energy Performance Can a Design Team Guarantee Energy Use target? Design Bid Build Operate.?? Need new metrics and business practice New Market Drivers: Outcome based codes: build anything you want but prove that the building energy use is lower than target level after occupancy Energy Disclosure laws Publicly disclose your annual energy use! US: 29 Cities and States now have disclosure laws How Does Fenestration Really Operate.

53 Approaching Guaranteed Performance*. *(with factors and adjustments ) Measured Performance* = Design Performance Goals x Simulation Tool Accuracy x Simulator Skill x VE Aftermath x Construction Artifacts x Schedule Adjustments x Facility Operations x Occupant Adjustments x Weather Adjustments Design/Construct A/E Team Operate Facilities Team

54 NY Times: Intelligent Lighting, Shade Control, UFAD (Field Energy Measurement Study Completed 2013) Automated Shaded (Multifunctional) Dimmable lighting Addressable (Multifunctional) Occupied 2007 New York Times office with dimmable lights and automated shading

55 Façade Layers External layer: Fixed -- Shading, light diffusion Glazing layer: Fixed -- Low-E, spectrally selective - thermal control - solar gain control -- Frit - solar, glare control Internal layer: Dynamic -- Motorized Shade system -- Solar control -- Glare control Façade Layers: Floor to Floor floor to desk desk to head head to ceiling plenum

56 Radiance Model: Assessing Glare vs Orientation, Shade position, Floor Level.

57 NY Times Testbed: Optimize: Physical & Virtual Phase 1: Physical Testbed, 18 month field study Evaluate Shading, daylighting, employee feedback and constructability in a ~5000 sf testbed Fully instrumented; 1 year testing Phase 2: Virtual Model, extend measured data Extend Test Data: more Orientations and Floor Levels Shade Control Algorithms for Motorized Shades Developed using Simulation Built a virtual model of the building in its urban context using hourly weather data to simulate performance Simulated Views from 3 of 22 view Lawrence 17Berkeley National Laboratory positions 18 2 A B 18 N

58 Glare Assessment vs Shade Operating Strategy 58 West facade Floor 6 Floor 26

59 New York Times Building 59 Energy Monitoring and Post Occupancy Evaluation Challenge: Disaggregating Lighting Savings Total = Scheduling, Setpoint Tuning, Occupancy, Daylight How Do We Apportion Savings to Each Strategy

60 The Headlines from The New York Times Building : Building designed to save energy as well as satisfy occupants Shading systems and lighting control systems were rigorously developed and evaluated in a full scale test bed Owners engaged key systems suppliers via performance specs 2013: Over ~ 5 years, the systems (dimming, shading, UFAD) worked well; Compared to a similar Code-compliant building: 56% lighting energy savings 24% total energy savings 21-25% reduction in summer peak demand Economic Paybacks appear very reasonable Overall Occupant Satisfaction is high; some areas need help PS- this is an all-glass building!

61 61

62 Tools and Testbeds All Simulation Models are Wrong, But Some are Useful How do we ensure our tools are useful?

63 4. Simulation and Testing Toolkits Simulation tools Data Testing for Tool Validation Performance Verification Risk Reduction Innovation/R&D

64 Glazing and Façade Decision-Support Tools Download ~ 40,000 Downloads IGDB (Specular Glass Data Source) Optics (Window Glass) Angular SHGC/U/VT (Rating/Lableling) THERM (Window Frame) CGDB (Complex Glazing Data Base) WINDOW + Shading Systems (Whole Window) EnergyStar Ratings Radiance Lighting /Daylighting COMFEN (Whole Building Commercial) RESFEN (Whole Building Residential) Commercial Windows Website Efficient Windows Website Design /Simulation Tools

65 Complex Façade Systems: From Components to Systems Material Layer System Building We use a modular approach since there are millions of variants and billions of window/shading combinations

66 WINDOW update WINDOW WINDOW WINDOW New features: Deflected glazing Vacuum glazing Electro- and thermochromics WINDOW 7.2 December 2013 Major speed-up International Glazing Database 6 annual (IGDB) updates

67 International Glazing Database 6 IGDB releases per year 4,200+ total records Average downloads per release = 1,000+ New manufacturers submitting

68 Optics Virtual Glass Laboratory Calculate optical properties for combinations of glass layers Calculate and edit the optical properties of glass and glazing system Change glazing thickness Switch glazing coating Construct glazing with applied films Construct glazing with laminate

69 New WINDOW 7 Features Expand to address complex glazing, shading, daylighting Plus: IGU Deflection Modeling Shading Device Modeling Radiance Visualization Annual Angular Transmittance Chromogenic Glass Support Automatic IGDB Update 69

70 Angular Data Display in WINDOW 7 Nominal Tv =.74 (NFRC value, normal incidence) Hourly Monthly Transmittance Latitude 38 Vertical glass South facing View location dependent annual Lawrence transmittance Berkeley National for an optical Laboratory system

71 Annual Performance vs Standard Properties ower ransmission igher ransmission A perpendicular columnar structure admits more light at normal incidence than at off angles Annual plot in WINDOW shows Visible Transmittance for sun positions throughout the year

72 Radiance Renderings of Light Diffusing Glazings Sept 21, Noon, 38 degrees Latitude Venetian Blind with slat tilt = 45 degrees

73 Chromogenic Glazings

74 Vacuum Glazing Modeling

75 Deflection Modeling of IGUs

76 Manufacturers, engineers, architects, builders want to know their performance characteristics Complex Shading Devices Cloth Shades / Bug Screens Venetian Blinds / Integral shades Fritted/Patterned Glass Light Redirecting Products

77 Complex Glazings Need BSDF (What is a BSDF?) Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function BRDF = Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function BTDF = Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function BSDF = BRDF + BTDF Characterizes the way light interacts with a surface or product. Describes how much light is transmitted and reflected per incident angle Describes the directional distribution of the light.

78 Complex Glazing Modeling / Measurements Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function: BSDFs Y X Z Computer Based Ray Tracing Virtual Goniospectroradiometer

79 Perforated Solar Screens

80 Cellular shades

81 HONEYCOMB SHADES THERMAL ANALYSIS

82 Ex: Flow for Determining Optical Properties of Honeycomb Shades Measure Coupon of Fabric Construct Material Properties File Using Fabric Properties Perform Ray-Tracing in WINDOW and Construct Cellular Shade BSDF

83 THERM Two-dimensional heat transfer analysis computer program Calculates fenestration product thermal performance indices (i.e. frame and edge U- factors, temperature data for Condensation Resistance calculations) Modeling of complex glazing systems defined in WINDOW

84 THERM: 2-D Heat Transfer Effects

85 THERM: Heat Transfer in Horizontal Window Frames

86 Curtainwalls With Bolt No Bolt U frame = 2.43 Btu/h-ft 2 -F U edge = 0.42 Btu /h-ft 2 -F U frame = 1.54 Btu/h-ft 2 -F U edge = 0.39 Btu /h-ft 2 -F

87 Condensation View in THERM

88 COMFEN: Façade Early Design Tool Download: windows.lbl.gov/software - Early Design Tool for Façade Systems: Thermal and Daylighting mpacts - A tool to Optimize Energy Use, Carbon, Comfort

89 Getting Started Can start by drag + drop predefined perimeters/facades OR Can create your own...

90 Create Glazing-Systems Assign Glazing Systems, Shading Systems, Frames to a window (libraries of pre defined components to choose from)

91 Climate information

92 Diving Deeper: Exploring Performance Details Solar Gain/Daylight/Glare Results Window solar gain Glare Assessment w/ Radiance ew Features: 5.0: Natural Ventilation, Cost Database; 5.1: Electrochromics

93 Requested by Architects / Engineers Basic generic (as possible) cost data All cost data can be overridden by user Somewhat controversial Gathering user feedback Simple Cost Model

94 RESFEN: Main Screen

95 Radiance is software for lighting simulation. Monitor Electric Light Daylight

96 Radiance is physically based.

97 Radiance three-phase method for annual simulations Radiance

98 Five-phase method Three-phase method + direct sun contribution calculated with average sky patch + direct sun contribution calculated with sun orb as source = Spatially accurate illuminance and luminance data 98

99 FacadeOpt: a system for optimizing high-performance facades Develop parametric model of façade system (e.g. blind slat angle/width/reflectance) Model in research-grade simulation software (Window 7, Radiance and EnergyPlus) Run iteratively on high-performance computing platform, managed by general optimization engine (GenOpt) Parametric model of the facade Window 7 Radiance (genbsdf) EnergyPlus Energy (or other objective function)

100 Rapid parametric analysis capabilities 1 Simulation method (above) Field test of reference blind, P1, and P2 assessing glare 3 (below) Results of optimization studies 0.25 Frequency of Glare Occurrence opt-23 opt-22 P1 opt-21 opt-24 field test of prismatic film P2 LL DP VB Fractional Lighting Energy 100 Use 0.8

101 Facilities Materials- Thin film deposition, nano-particles Materials - Characterization Optics Lab Spectrometers, standard and customized FTIR - Long Wave IR Gonio-Radiometer Large Integrating Sphere Thermal Lab IR Thermography Lab Calibrated hot plate Field Tests MoWiTT Advanced Façade Testbed FLEXLAB Custom Testbeds Living Labs

102 Glazing/Shading/Daylighting Measurement and Validation Façade/daylighting test facility Integrated Systems testbeds Mobile Thermal Test Facility IR Thermography chamber Large integrating sphere Optics laboratory Scanning Goniophotometer HDR Imaging Field Data Collection systems Commissioning systems Virtual Building Controls Testbed Daylighting controls laboratory

103 VALIDATION THROUGH TESTING Optics Lab Measuring Devices

104 GonioRadiometer Multi-sensor scanning arm Measured Optical Properties of Coupon

105 IR TESTING OF ATTACHMENTS Laboratory IR Thermography Field IR Thermography

106 MoWiTT: Mobile Window Thermal Test Facility Reno, NV, ; Side-by-side test rooms: - Heavily instrumented - Changeable Facades - Changeable skylights - Variable operating condition - Variable orientation - High Accuracy - No Occupants - Small Rooms Explored: - Net Energy Balance - Technology impacts - System tradeoffs - Climate effects - Control impacts

107 LBNL Advanced Façade Testbed Facility lectrochromic windows Industry Advisory Groups: Manufacturers Glazing, Shading Framing, Lighting Controls Designers Architects, Engineers Specifiers Owner/Operators Public, Private Utilities Automated Shading Berkeley, South facing 3 Rooms Changeable façade Lighting, HVAC Heavily instrumented Static/Dynamic Occupant Studies Controls/Automation

108 Exploring Performance of Integrated Shading and Lighting Controls in LBNL Facade Testbed Facility Daylight Redirecting Glass External Dynamic Shading Electrochromic Glass

109 Custom Testbed/Living Lab NY Times DOE/CEC/PG&E Electro-chromic Daylighting Testbed Oakland CA, 1999 DOE- EC and Dimmable Lighting

110 Facility for Low Energy experiments in Buildings Exterior Testbeds Focus on Integrated Systems & retrofit 5400 sf Outside B90 FLEXLAB: 3 major facilities Occupied Lighting & Plug Load ~3000 sf inside B90 Span width of B90 Controls, Visual Comfort & Behavior Controls & Visualization Virtual Design & Modeling Controls Interoperability, Sensors Demand Response Integration ~1000 sf inside B90

111 Interchangeable lighting and controls Reconfigurable, Kit-of-Parts Interchangeable skylights Interchangeable façade elements: shading, glazing Interchangeable HVAC systems: air- and waterbased Granular sensor, instrumentation and metering system Data acquisition and controls

112 <- Rotating Testbed Three south facing testbeds

113 Rotating testbed showing reconfigured façade Interior view; Light, Daylight, Glare assessment

114 Glare Assessment Lighting Energy Use

115 TOOLS & EDUCATION MATERIALS Information for building professionals Designers: Architects, Engineers Façade Design Tool and Website: Standards, Code Officials Information for consumers Efficient Window Collaborative: Window Attachments: Information dissemination mechanisms Web site Fact sheets; Regional guides Product selection tools Qualitative Quantitative

116 Efficient Window Collaborative

117 Web-Based Façade Design Tool Comparison of different scenarios for commercial windows

118 Efficient Window Coverings

119 Challenge and Opportunities for Advanced Facades Make high performance and energy efficiency a market advantage, not an extra cost or a risk Must Deliver Measureable Savings! New Technology, Smarter Design offers: New Business Opportunities Design freedom and flexibility Value-added benefits, e.g. better acoustics New performance benefits: e.g. comfort Modest/no extra first costs and large annual savings Lower impact on global environment Manufacturer Architect Occupant Owner Society

120 Benefits of High Performance Building Facades Improve Occupant Comfort, Satisfaction and Performance Add Value, Reduce Operating Costs Reduce Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Occupant Building Owner Planet

121 Information Resources Stephen Selkowitz More Info: Advanced Facades project Commercial Web Site New York Times project