Making Hydrogen Liquefaction more competitive: Overview of the Project and of the Supply Pathways considered

Transcription

1 Making Hydrogen Liquefaction more competitive: Overview of the Project and of the Supply Pathways considered Petter Nekså, SINTEF Energy Research Klaus Stolzenburg, PLANET Grant Agreement No

2 Overview of the Presentation Introduction to IDEALHY Hydrogen Supply Pathways Selected Life Cycle Assessment Method and Baseline Cases Aspects related to liquefaction Further Co-Authors: Anna Evans, Charlotte Hatto, Nigel Mortimer, Onesmus Mwabonje, Jeremy Rix (North Energy) Ritah Mubbala (PLANET), Alice Elliot, Jurgen Louis (Shell) David Berstad (SINTEF) Grant Agreement No

3 Background Hydrogen expected to become an important clean transport fuel Liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) most effective way to supply larger refuelling stations in the medium term (in absence of pipeline network) and for transport from remote production sites Today hydrogen liquefaction is considered: expensive energy-intensive relatively small-scale (typically 5-10 tonnes/day) Picture: Linde Without competitive liquefaction capacity, serious risk to hydrogen infrastructure expansion Grant Agreement No

4 IDEALHY Project Outline Investigate the different steps of the liquefaction process in detail Use innovations and greater integration to Reduce specific energy consumption by 50 % compared to state of the art Reduce investment cost Conceptual process design and components development Plan for a large-scale demonstration in the range of up to 200 tonnes per day Picture: Linde Grant Agreement No

5 IDEALHY Consortium Duration: November 2011 October 2013 Co-Funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative Grant Agreement No

6 Project Steps and Results 1) Technology analysis & conceptual liquefaction process assessment (see poster presentations Tue 69,105,108) Technology overview Boundary conditions and duty specifications Screening and pre-selection of large-scale liquefaction concepts and alternatives for central sub-systems Functional schemes of promising highly efficient large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes Targets, criteria and boundary conditions Grant Agreement No

7 Project Steps and Results 2a) Process optimisation Optimised process scheme and technical design of selected processes 2b) Whole chain assessment Scenario development Supply Pathways Hazard and risk assessment and mitigation measures Life cycle and economic assessment Liquid hydrogen implementation scenario and whole chain assessment benchmarks 3) Planning and preparation of a large-scale demonstration Grant Agreement No

8 Supply Pathways of Hydrogen as a Fuel for Road Vehicles Production of Hydrogen from various Energy Sources Liquefaction Compression Delivery Delivery Utilisation in Fuel Cell Cars and Buses Core element: Liquefaction Expected max. capacity per cold box : 50 tonnes/day (tpd) Assume 1 cold box per plant if hydrogen produced in demand country / region Assume 10 cold boxes in parallel (500 tpd) if production region and demand region far from each other Compression only considered for production = demand region (50 tpd) Grant Agreement No

9 Hydrogen Production Routes Production of Hydrogen from various Energy Sources Liquefaction Compression Delivery Delivery Utilisation in Fuel Cell Cars and Buses Case resource = demand region (50 tpd) Surplus wind electricity electrolysis H 2 cavern storage CNG / LNG reformation with and without CCS (200 tpd of which 50 tpd for liquefaction) Case resource demand region (500 tpd) Coal and CNG gasification / reformation with CCS Solar power electrolysis Grant Agreement No

10 Hydrogen Delivery Production of Hydrogen from various Energy Sources Liquefaction Compression Delivery Delivery Utilisation in Fuel Cell Cars and Buses Liquid delivery Resource region to demand region by ship Up to kg per road trailer Gaseous delivery 200 bar today (< 600 kg per trailer) 500 bar in the future (expected about kg per trailer) Pipeline delivery expected beyond time horizon ( ) Grant Agreement No

11 Life Cycle Assessment Method and Baseline Cases Use of transparent spreadsheet workbooks Facilitate both Attributional LCA (for regulatory purposes, such as the EC Renewable Energy Directive) and Consequential LCA (for policy analysis) Focus on primary energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O) and, in economic terms, total internal costs Baseline cases are petrol and diesel Further detail in Baseline Results Report and Pathway Report, soon available on Grant Agreement No

12 Specific power [kwh/kglh2] Efficiency of Built and Proposed Hydrogen Liquefiers, recalculated to equalised feed pressure bar H 2 feed pressure Built plants 21 bar H 2 feed pressure 60 bar H 2 feed pressure Proposed concepts Overall exergy efficiency [%] Large improvement possibilities What is practically feasible? Realistic boundary conditions and assumptions must be applied Berstad D., Stang J. and Nekså P. Comparison criteria for large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34(3):1560 8, 2009 Grant Agreement No

13 Conclusions High efficiency hydrogen liquefiers is required to realise an efficient hydrogen supply chain utilising LH2 This may be obtainable for large-scale liquefiers with energy optimisation, extensive process integration and highefficiency compressors and expanders 40 50% reduction of power consumption, down from 12 to 6 7 kwh/kg, will represent a radical improvement within largescale hydrogen liquefaction and contribute to further enhancement of the competitiveness of LH2 as energy carrier in an hydrogen-based energy chain IDEALHY will develop a technology platform that contribute to realise this Grant Agreement No