CHP The Concept. An Introduction to Combined Heat and Power CHP The Trustees of the University of Illinois

Transcription

1 CHP The Concept An Introduction to Combined Heat and Power 1

2 Acknowledgements 2

3 Overview! Concept! Terminology! Why is CHP an Opportunity?! Barriers to CHP Implementation! Reliable CHP Technologies! What Makes A Good CHP Application? Picture Courtesy of Caterpillar 3

4 CHP The Concept Picture Courtesy of Caterpillar 4

5 Basic Components Picture Courtesy of DOE 5

6 Typical Industrial CHP System Picture Courtesy of UIC 6

7 Conv. Generation vs. CHP Picture Courtesy of DOE 7

8 Terminology Picture Courtesy of Caterpillar 8

9 What is Combined Heat and Power? CHP is! An Integrated System! Located At or Near a Building/Facility! Provides at Least a Portion of the Electrical Load and! Utilizes the Thermal Energy for Heating Cooling Dehumidification Process Heat Picture Courtesy of UIC 9

10 Acronyms! Combined Heat & Power (CHP)! Buildings Cooling, Heating & Power (BCHP)! CHP for Buildings (CHPB)! Integrated Energy Systems (IES)! Total Energy Systems (TES)! Trigeneration (Trigen)! CHP for Industry! Cogeneration Picture Courtesy of UIC 10

11 CHP System Sizes (Terminology) System Designation Mega Large Mid Micro Size Range 50 to 100+ MWe 10 s of MWe 10 s of kwe to Several MWe <60 kwe Comments Very Large Industrial Usually Multiple Smaller Units Custom Engineered Systems Industrial & Large Commercial Usually Multiple Smaller Units Custom Engineered Systems Commercial & Light Industrial Single to Multiple Units Potential Packaged Units Small Commercial & Residential Appliance Like 11

12 Why is CHP an Opportunity? Picture Courtesy of Caterpillar 12

13 Why is There an Opportunity?! DOE/EIA Project Over 360 GWe of New Capacity To Meet Growing Demand To Compensate for Plant Retirements! Today s Central Station Plants Lose 23 Quads of Thermal Energy! Aging Electric Transmission/Distribution System Difficult to Site New Lines Capacity Constrained Costly to Maintain Picture Courtesy of THX 13

14 Why is There and Opportunity?! Rising Concerns Over Blackouts/Brownouts Power Supply Constraints Electricity Prices! Selected Power Outage Costs Industry Cellular Communications Telephone Ticket Sales Airline Reservations Credit Card Operations Brokerage Operations Avg. Cost of Downtime $41,000 per hour $72,000 per hour $90,000 per hour $2,580,000 per hour $6,480,000 per hour Picture Courtesy of DOE 14

15 Why CHP? Competitiveness Lower Energy Costs Better Reliability Better Power Quality Environmental Lower Emissions (including CO2 ) Conserve Natural Resources Synergies Potential Generation Asset Especially Municipal/Co-ops Support Grid Infrastructure Fewer T&D Constraints Defer Costly Grid Upgrades Picture Courtesy of DOE 15

16 Barriers To CHP Implementation Picture Courtesy of Caterpillar 16

17 Barriers To CHP Implementation! Natural Gas Prices & Price Volatility! Electric Utility Resistance: Excessive Grid Interconnect Requirements High Standby and Backup Tariffs! Lack of Customer Familiarity with CHP! Assessing CHP Value (beyond energy cost savings)! Stakeholder Apathy (lack of incentive for facility manager / engineering firms to try something different) Picture Courtesy of DOE 17

18 Some Misconceptions! Need to Sell Excess Electricity Back to the Utility to Make CHP Profitable! Need to Have Emergency Generator Sets In Addition to the CHP System Concepts! Grid Interconnection Induction vs Synchronous! Sizing the CHP System 18

19 Grid Interconnection Induction Systems! Less Complicated & Potentially Less Costly to Interconnect! When Grid Goes Down, CHP System Goes Down! Need Emergency Gen. Sets Synchronous Systems! More Complicated & Costly to Interconnect! With Proper Protective Relays CHP System Can Continue to Operate Reliably & Safely Thru Blackouts & Brownouts.! Grid Serves as Backup to CHP CHP Serves as Backup to Grid! Depending on CHP Size / Configuration, May Not Need Emergency Gen. Set 19

20 Reliable CHP Technologies! Electric Generation Equipment Reciprocating Engines Turbines/Microturbines 20

21 Reliable CHP Technologies! Heat Recovery Systems Steam and Hot Water Exhaust Gases 21

22 Reliable CHP Technologies! Thermally Activated Technologies Absorption Chillers Desiccant Dehumidification 22

23 CHP Is A Low Technical Risk! Utilize Proven Technologies! Employ Standard Design Practices! Incorporate Good Maintenance Practices 23

24 What Makes A Good CHP Application? Picture Courtesy of Caterpillar 24

25 What Makes A Good CHP Application?! Coincident Needs for Power & Thermal Energy! Cost of Buying Electric Power from the Grid Relative to the Cost of Natural Gas a.k.a Spark Spread! Reasonable Installed Cost Differential Between a Conventional and a CHP System 25

26 When Does CHP Make $ense?! High Thermal and Electric Loads that Occur Coincidentally! Sufficient Spark Spread! Long Operating Hours! Central Heating and Cooling System! Minimal Electric Distribution Connections! Special Electrical, Cooling or Heating Needs Picture Courtesy of Waukesha Engines Co. 26

27 Major Benefits Today! Lower Net Cost Power After Heating and Cooling Savings Deducted! Emergency Power Capability! Power Quality Benefits Combination Can Produce Very Practical Economics Even in Smaller Systems Picture Courtesy of UIC 27

28 Candidate Applications for CHP! Hospitals! Colleges / Universities! High Schools! Residential Confinement! High Rise Hotels! Fitness Centers! Food Processing! Paper / Lumber Mills! Chemical Plants! Metal Fabrication! Ethanol Plants! Landfill / Water Treatment Plants 28

29 Questions? 29