RESPONDING TO ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE THE EUROPEAN CEMENT INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE

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1 BRIDGING THE GAP: RESPONDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE - FROM WORDS TO DEEDS - RESPONDING TO ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE THE EUROPEAN CEMENT INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE 15 May 2008, Portoroz, Slovenia By M. J. Gilbert

2 THE BUSINESS CASE: SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING EXAMPLE: Benefits Employment (direct indirect) Raw material extraction Use of alternative fuels Use of alternative raw materials Cement manufacture Investment in local community Employment (direct / indirect) Concrete Manufacture plus (cement & concrete placing) Designs for minimal energy use / CO 2 emissions Future or Climate proofed housing and offices Building infrastructure in use Use of recycled materials in construction End-of-life Costs Land use / sensitive land use Use of fossil fuels CO 2 SO x, NO x, CO Health & safety Dust CO 2 Waste Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 2

3 ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE CEMENT PRODUCTION & CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 3

4 CEMENT MANUFACTURING MAIN PHASES 1) Preparation of raw materials into raw meal (Extraction Crushing Pre-homogenisation - Dosing Grinding Homogenisation) 2) Clinker production pyro-processing of raw materials (calcination of the raw meal into the rotary kiln energy supplied by burning fuels) 3) Cement production - grinding of clinker and mineral components to obtain cement Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 4

5 CO 2 EMISSIONS The European cement industry is committed to contributing to the reduction of CO 2 emissions The European cement industry is voluntarily proposing a benchmarking system (CO 2 target per tonne of product) The cement industry contributes to about 3% of the total anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 in the European Union! And about 5% worldwide Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 5

6 ENERGY CONSUMPTION One metric tonne of cement Kg of fuel oil (or equivalent fuelling amount) The world has only limited amount of fossil based fuels Sustainable development: "To meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs" Take measures in order to save "some" resources for the future generation Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 6

7 REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC ENERGY Development of the specific fuel energy consumption in CEMBUREAU countries since 1960 Fuel Energy in kj/kg clinker Source: CEMBUREAU EL October 2004 Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 7

8 SOLUTION: WASTE USED AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS Waste which cannot be recycled and is therefore destined for co-processing can replace the fossil fuels used in the production of cement Homogeneous waste can be effectively recovered energetically and/or materially by co-processing in the cement - making process as alternative fuels (co-processing of waste) as alternative raw materials as mineral components Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 8

9 WASTE USED AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS A WIN-WIN SITUATION! Favourable to the environment 4 million tonnes of coal saved every year Lower global CO 2 emissions Lower fuel costs for industry Benefit to local communities no capital cost, lower operating costs, a safe strictly regulated- solution The authorities should therefore promote the co-processing of waste as an alternative fuel (for example, CO 2 credits for the use of waste) Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 9

10 CO-PROCESSING AND REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS Conventional approach Integrated approach GHG emissions GHG emissions GHG emissions CO 2, SO 2, NOx CO 2, SO 2, NOx CO 2, SO 2, NOx Waste Fossil Fuels (Coal, Fuel Oil, Natural Gas) AFR (Waste) Fossil Fuels (Coal, Fuel Oil, Natural Gas) INCINERATION OF WASTE + CEMENT KILNS CO-PROCESSING OF AFR IN CEMENT KILNS Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 10

11 ALTERNATIVE FUELS: OUR AMBITION YEAR SUBSTITUTION RATE CO 2 EMISSIONS AVOIDED BY FOSSIL FUELS % 1.5 Mt 2000 about 12% 4.8 Mt Today about 18% ± 9 Mt Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 11

12 THE OBVIOUS CONCLUSION: WASTE CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILNS IS A SOUND WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 12

13 SOLUTION: WASTE USED AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS Waste which cannot be recycled and is therefore destined for co-processing can replace the fossil fuels used in the production of cement Homogeneous waste can be effectively recovered energetically and/or materially by co-processing in the cement - making process as alternative fuels (co-processing of waste) as alternative raw materials as mineral components Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 13

14 SOLUTION: ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS IN CLINKER PRODUCTION Substitution of natural raw materials by alternative ones (slag, fly ashes and the non-combustible part of all waste fuels) Direct saving of almost 14 million tonnes of limestone = 6.5% of the natural raw materials needs IN CEMENT PRODUCTION Substitution of clinker by mineral components (blast furnace slag, fly ash) EU average clinker to cement ratio is 0.8 Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 14

15 THE BUSINESS CASE: SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING EXAMPLE: Benefits Employment (direct indirect) Raw material extraction Use of alternative fuels Use of alternative raw materials Cement manufacture Investment in local community Employment (direct / indirect) Concrete Manufacture plus (cement & concrete placing) Designs for minimal energy use / CO 2 emissions Future or Climate proofed housing and offices Building infrastructure in use Use of recycled materials in construction End-of-life Costs Land use / sensitive land use Use of fossil fuels CO 2 SO x, NO x, CO Health & safety Dust CO 2 Waste Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 15

16 ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE THE POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION OF CEMENT & CONCRETE TO SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ACTION CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE! Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 16

17 RESTORATION OF LAND Responsible land stewardship is central to business practice Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 17

18 STRATEGIC PRODUCT Cement is an essential constituent of concrete, an indispensable product for society providing dams, bridges, dykes, housing, etc. There is currently no known substitute, therefore, even if cement is no longer manufactured in Europe, it will need to be imported Countries which do not manufacture cement will always depend on other countries Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 18

19 BENEFITS OF CONCRETE IN RELATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Concrete roads:! Reduce CO 2 emissions from vehicles Dykes! To prevent flooding Use of thermal mass in concrete buildings Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 19

20 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS - ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Summer 2006 Asphalt roads melt Gritters used across UK Road repairs run into millions Source: BBC Source: BBC Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 20

21 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS - ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Source: Dura Vermeer Source: Sunday Times Adaptation in flood risk areas: Resilience to flood damage Raised concrete houses Floating houses with concrete basements Source: Dura Vermeer Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 21

22 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS ADAPTATION/MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS SUDS: Gravity drains surface water runoff from hard standing areas into the system Can be designed to reduce the risk of flooding Also can reduce the pollutant load in the surface water runoff Can help organisations to save money on their use of non-potable water Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 22

23 FIRE AND SUSTAINABILITY Fire Safety and the Built Environment Industrial Buildings Office Buildings Residential Buildings Tunnel safety Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 23

24 WHY FIRE SAFETY? Protection of Environment Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 24

25 FIRE PROTECTION WITH CONCRETE Protection of goods/property Comprehensive fire protection with concrete Life Safety Inside building Outside building Protection of environment Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 25

26 IMPROVING FIRE SAFETY IN TUNNELS THE CONCRETE PAVEMENT SOLUTION Cointe tunnel (link E25-E40) Liege, Belgium: use of concrete road pavement for improved tunnel safety Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 26

27 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS ADAPTATION/MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE THE CASE FOR THERMAL MASS 220 Whole life CO 2 Emissions from House 200 CO 2 Emissions (tonnes) Heavyweight: Offset achieved in about 21 to 25 years Light Medium Heavy 20 Mediumweight: Offset achieved in about 11 years Year Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 27

28 THERMAL MASS A WHOLE LIFE SOLUTION FES: use of concrete to better manage internal temperatures. Useful for buildings in which max. occupancy coincides with max. heat (e.g. offices) Air conditioning can be reduced or removed, resulting in capital cost savings of 5-20% Energy savings year on year: 185,000 p.a. (for a 32,000m 2 office building) and about 50% less CO 2 Lloyd s Register of Shipping (courtesy of Richard Rogers Partnership/Anthony Hunt Associates). Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 28

29 THERMAL MASS A WHOLE LIFE SOLUTION Concrete elements are exposed to the interior to enhance cooling capacity Lightweight envelopes offer just 6-10 W/m 2 of cooling Passive FES: exposed soffits + night purging (15-20 W/m 2 ) Active FES: controllable systems of ducted air (25-35 W/m 2 and beyond) Picture shows interior of BedZED, a mixed use commercialresidential development (picture Toyota courtesy HQ, Surrey of Peabody Trust) (picture courtesy of Barry Bulley/Trent Concrete Ltd). Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 29

30 DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS - DURABILITY Built in Refurbished in Total lifespan 250+ years? Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 30

31 WHOLE-LIFE PERFORMANCE Indoor Air Quality: inert concrete surfaces do not affect air quality; productivity improvements are reported in greener buildings Air-tightness: concrete performs up to 10 times better than lightweight envelopes Service life: fire, sound and durability qualities mean longevity Thames Water HQ in Reading, highly energy efficient building (picture courtesy of Trent Concrete) Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 31

32 CONCLUSION The cement and concrete sector is responding to the challenges of Adaptation to Climate Change Consider the whole life performance of a structure when designing a building or infrastructural works and focus on optimising their sustainable performance Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 32

33 PLANT OPEN WEEK CEMENT PLANT OPEN WEEK Slovenia Climate Change 15 May 08 MG/TG 33

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35 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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