Gas Turbine based Power Plants with CO2 Capture

Transcription

1 Gas Turbine based Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE Efficient Carbon Capture for Coal Power Plants Gian Luigi Agostinelli Frankfurt am Main, 21June 2011

2 Agenda Introduction. Why CCS on Gas Alstom Solutions for CCPP CCS Cost of Electricity of CCS on Gas Summary Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 2

3 New built natural gas Impact assessment (1/2) Evolution of EU27 Power Generation CO 2 emissions Baseline Gt CO 2 1'600 1'400 1'200 1' Oil Gas Coal IEA Reference scenario envisage a decrease in CO 2 emissions from the Power generation sector due to - Increased production from renewables - Increase in gas power production - Decrease in coal power EU current -20% in 2020 target for the economy implies at least -30% for the Power sector Source : IEA WEO 2009 IEA WEO 450ppm scenario -30% of 1990 PG CO 2 emissions (consistent with current -20% EU target) Under reference scenario none of the minimum targets are reached Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 3

4 New built natural gas Assessment of its maximal impact (2/2) Alternative «extreme» scenario Baseline: IEA World Energy Outlook 2009 Reference scenario No new coal-fired power plant built after 2010 Previously expected new coal-fired plants are turned to new additional CCPP Capacity factor of CCPP progressively increases to reach baseload in 2030 Coal-fired power plant are progressively shut-down Coal phase-out Gt CO 2 2'000 1'500 1' EU27 Power Generation CO 2 emissions Oil Coal Gas -30% of 1990 PG CO 2 emissions (consistent with current -20% EU target) Source : Alstom, adapted fromiea WEO 2009 IEA WEO 450ppm scenario Full switch to gas hardly reaches minimum CO 2 emission reduction targets in 2020 and is far from reaching it in 2030: CCS on gas would be needed! Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 4 Source : IEA, Alstom

5 Agenda Introduction. Why CCS on Gas Alstom Solutions for CCPP CCS Cost of Electricity of CCS on Gas Summary Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 5

6 ALSTOM development for CCS on Coal and Gas CO 2 capture pursued by Alstom Post-combustion (New + retrofit) Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) Chilled Ammonia Advanced Amines Integrated Oxy Systems Chemical Looping Alstom Post combustion technologies for GAS Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 6

7 Example for Post Capturing Technology Advanced Amine Process Overview Principle Flue gas contacted with an amine based solvent which reacts with the CO 2 Raising the temperatures reverses the above reaction releasing CO 2 and allowing the solvent to be recycled Advantages Proven in natural gas & syngas purification Carbon capture from flue gas is a new application with new challenges More efficient capture of CO 2 Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants Lower solvent degradation rates Advanced Amine Process can also be used for CCPP Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 7

8 Alstom CCPP CCS concept overview KA26 Capture Ready CCPP and CCS Retrofit today! KA26 CCS integrated CCPP Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 8

9 Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) Advantages 1. CO2 concentration in flue gas doubled. 2. Only c.a. 50% of the flue gas to be treated. Reduction of size of Capture Unit (CAPEX) Reduction of steam consumption (efficiency) Reduction of solvent consumption (OPEX) Similar CO2 concentration as coal => Faster experience transfer from Demos on Coal => faster development. Matches any post combustion system: Amines, Ammonia, FGR offers the possibility to reduce the CoE by 5% Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 9

10 Capture Ready as a First Step Alstom Developments Alstom has developed a "KA26 Capture Ready CCPP - Based on a concept for the KA26 with Carbon Capture using Advanced Amine Capture Technology - Steam for CCS plant is extracted from CCPP in an efficient way (cogeneration advantage) Requirements for future CCS operation are not yet clear - Alstom has made conservative assumptions Stand-alone CCS plant with own auxiliary systems Most stringent possible CO2 Capture Rate for natural gas of 90% Specific CO2 emissions from natural gas and coal for different capture rates % 70% 50% 0% Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 10 Capture Rate Natural Gas 90% 0% 70% 50% Specific CO2 emission [g/kwh] Capture Rate Coal Most stringent capture rate of 90% for natural gas assumed

11 KA26 Capture Ready Plant Arrangement (example with FGR) CO2 Capture Plant FGR loop Absorption Column Regeneration Column Power Island Cooler / Blower Conservative assumption based on today's CCS technology and fully independent, not integrated auxiliary system Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 11 Additional cooling towers for CCS plant

12 Agenda Introduction. Why CCS on Gas Alstom Solutions for CCPP CCS Cost of Electricity of CCS on Gas Summary Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 12

13 New built natural gas The true cost of CCS. Cost of CO2 avoided Vs. Cost of electricity Percent 160 Percent PC with CCS CCGT with CCS 0 PC / PC w CCS CCGT / CCGT w CCS Cost of CO2 avoided strictly related to the carbon content of the fuel COE increase related to total quantity of CO2 abated advantage for CCS on gas GAS: Cost of CO2 higher but CoE impact lower Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 13

14 CCS Cost of Electricity study Main assumptions Reference plants: Coal & Gas (without CCS) Baseload (7450 hrs per a.) COAL Coal type Bituminous Fuel heating val. kj/kg LHV 24'930 Carbon content mass% 65% Fuel price 2010 Euro/t 63 " Euro/GJ 2.52 Cooling type C 13 C Direct C Net Output MWe net 837 Net eff. 15/20/30 % LHV 46.2 /48 /48.4 EPC 2015/20&30 /KW net 1634 / 1745 Performance improvement considered (e.g. double reheat ST) Cycle arrangement in 2020/30: 300b- 600 C-620 C GAS Fuel type Natural gas Fuel heating value KJ/Kg LHV 50'000 Carbon content mass% 75% Fuel price 2010 Euro/GJ 5.16 Cycle argt 2020/ SS Cooling type C 13 C - Direct C Net Output 15/20/30 MWe net 600/650/700 Net eff. 15/20/30 % LHV 61/62/63 % EPC cost 15/20/30 /KW net 580/565/550 Baseload combined cycle (7000 hrs per a.) Performance improvement considered Source Alstom CoE Study, JF Leandri, Power Gen 2011 Milano. Evolution of CoE with CCS, Europe Case. T&S included, no CO2 tax Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 14

15 Hardcoal CCS v.s. Gas CCS power plants Cost of Electricity (CoE) CoE /MWh net COAL CoE /MWh net GAS Oxy Post Ref PP +47% (Post) Ref plant Post FGR, 90% capt Post FRG, 70% capt Ref plant +33% CoE competitiveness of gas vs coal improved when applying CCS Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 15

16 Low carbon Power Generation CCS v.s. other low carbon alternatives / MWh CoE - Low Carbon technologies ordered in period Reference case Nuclear CCPP CCS FGR 2015 Hydro Large Onshore Wind PC Hardcoal CCS 2015 Hydro Pump&Storage Offshore Wind Hydro Mini Source : Alstom analysis Other technologies 2010 cost. CCS 2015 costs, including on shore T&S and CO2 price (FGR case for CCS Gas, average Amine/Oxy for CCS Hardcoal) Solar CSP - Storage Solar PV Cryst - centr Under realistic assumptions and variation range, CCS on Coal and gas CC is already competitive from 2015 Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 16

17 Agenda Introduction. Why CCS on Gas Alstom Solutions for CCPP CCS Cost of Electricity of CCS on Gas Summary Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 17

18 Conclusion CoE competitiveness of gas vs coal improved when applying CCS ALSTOM first CCS plants will already be competitive against any other low carbon alternative Alstom offers KA26 Capture Ready Plants and is ready for large scale Demo Plant on Gas Technology and costs are not obstacles to CCS deployment, but other issues have to be addressed: - Immediate policy framework to support CCS - Clear long term carbon regulation signal to ensure fair technology choices - Clear regulations on storage and associated liabilities - Financial support at an adequate level to support large scale demos Gas Turbine Power Plants with CO2 Capture 2 nd ICEPE June GLAgostinelli - P 18

19 ALSTOM THERMAL POWER Gian Luigi Agostinelli Development Program Manager KA26 CCS