BioRePavation: Innovation in bio-recycling of old asphalt pavements

Transcription

1 French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks BioRePavation: Innovation in bio-recycling of old asphalt pavements Emmanuel CHAILLEUX

2 Consortium IFSTTAR (France - coordination will evaluate durability at full scale) EIFFAGE Infrastructures (EI - France will produce an alternative binder & carry mix design test ) Iowa State university (ISU-USA will produce a bioasphalt & carry mix design test) KRATON chemical (former Arizona Chemical )(AZCHEM- Netherlands will produce a bio-based performance additive) Western Research Institute (WRI-USA will carry nondestructive in-situ evaluation and binder test) University of Nottingham (UNOTT-UK - will conduct life cycle and risk assessment and binder test)

3 Main objectives Towards safe cost effective renewable pavement Aims to evaluate innovations in pavement recycling techniques using alternative binders from renewable biomass. From a societal point of view, the target is to save natural resources by reducing consumption of virgin materials virgin petroleum bitumen virgin aggregate from quarries In line with international movement towards less hydrocarbon consumption

4 Scope To promote innovations 3 alternative materials used to reuse asphaltic pavement : bio-based rejuvenator designed to increase RA content up to 100% bioasphalt designed to increase RA compatibility with virgin materials bio-binder designed for total replacement of bitumen in recycling technique An innovative non destructive method, based on physico/chemical analysis from in-situ micro samples

5 Scope To validate innovations Experimental demonstrator built on the IFSTTAR APT (Accelerated pavement testing) facility: Macroscopic evaluation of distress mechanism Non destructive ageing evaluation Analysed in terms of life cycle and risk assessment

6 Today presentation Focus on: Lab assessment of innovative pavement materials with high reclaim asphalt content using three alternative binders Full scale experiment on the IFSTTAR facility Non destructive method Life cycle and risk assessment

7 Experimental plan - Materials BM-1: Sylvaroad TM (rejuvenator), Arizona Chemical/Kraton Polymers BM-2: Biophalt (vegetable binder), Eiffage BM-3: Epoxidized methyl soyate, Adventus & ADM/ISU FB: Fresh binder, 50/70 Pen grade AB: Aged binder, extracted from RAP RAP: RAP 8/12mm, RAP 0/8mm, Eiffage plant Aggregates: 10/14mm, 0/2mm, filler, Eiffage plant

8 Experimental plan - Materials BM-1: SYLVAROAD RP1000 Patented by Kraton/Arizona Chemical Bio-based additive from Pine chemistry Developed for the reuse of Reclaimed Asphalt Increase RA content to 70%, even 100% in theory Reverse RA quality (very hard aged binder) Facilitate asphalt mix manufacturing

9 Experimental plan - Materials BM-2: Biophalt Patented 3 rd generation of Eiffage Bio-binder Designed for HMA and WMA Composed by pitch, rosin and elastomers Made with >90% of bio raw materials Pitch is composed by fatty acids that help for the rejuvenation of the old binder Elastomers improve ductility and resistance to ageing

10 Experimental plan - Materials BM-3: Epoxidized Methyl Soyate Patented by Adventus & ADM/ISU Soybean oil Esterification Methyl soyate Epoxidation Epoxidized methyl soyate Determine optimal additive dosage Binder grading and rheology Blend with virgin binder and recovered RAP binder Lowers the high & low temperature stiffness of bitumen. Lower energy consumption due to lower viscosity & lower mixing/compaction temperatures. No concern with mass loss compared to other bio-renewable additives. Moisture content < 0.15%. Highly competitive in terms of cost relative to petroleum-based additives.

11 Experimental plan - Mix design GB5 type mixes A new type of base course mix has been designed : GB5 type mix (50 % RAP and 70% RAP) using aggregate packing concept (by maximizing their interlock) Designed according to:» Aggregate availability on the plant» Lab studies of blends with virgin binder and recovered RAP binder in order to determine optimal dosage Main mix properties: Very dense mix High modulus with a relatively equivalent «soft binder» Low binder content 4.5% Passing ( % ) % RAP 70% RAP Sieve

12 Experimental plan - Tests Binders: (AB, FB) Blends: (AB+FB) (BM-1+AB+FB) (BM-2+AB) (BM-3+AB+FB) Mixes (50% RAP): MIX1= (BM-1+FB+AB) MIX2= (BM-2+AB) MIX3= (BM-3+FB+AB) EU - CEN Pen/R&B/Fraass Gyratory / Water sensitivity / Rutting / Stiffness / Fatigue US - Superpave PG grading system Volumetric / Stiffness / Rutting / Low Temp. Perf. / Fatigue Comparison between US and EU mix performance evaluation systems Structural design using both EU and US methodologies

13 Results Binder properties following EU specification system and US one EU binder specification US binder specification Binders and blends Penetration at 25 C (dmm) Softening point (⁰C) Softening point after RTFOT (⁰C) Fraass breaking point (⁰C) DSR failure temperature ( C) Original (25mm) RTFOT aged (25mm) BBR failure temperature ( C) Low pass temp (m-value) Low pass temp (S) PG AB > 0 94 >-16 FB FB+AB BM1+FB+AB BM2+AB BM3+FB+AB FB: Fresh binder AB: Aged binder, extracted from RAP

14 Results Mix Performances using the European/French specification system Mixes Requirements for a EM2 (AC14 base) Requirements for a GB4 (AC14 base) MIX1 (BM1+FB+AB) MIX2 (BM2+AB) MIX3 (BM3+FB+AB) Volumetric data Richness modulus Void content after 100 gyrations (gyratory compactor) (NF EN ) Water sensitivity % (NF EN ) Rut depth at cycles (NF EN A1) Complex modulus at 15 C, 10 Hz (NF EN A) Fatigue performance at 10 C, 25 Hz Strain at half of the initial modulus at 10 6 cycles (NF EN A) > 3.5 <6% >0.75 < 7.5 % >14000 MPa > 130 µdef < 9% >0.70 < 10% >11000 MPa >100 µdef % 85% % 86% % 90% 5.6% (void = 4.4%) 4.3% (void = 3.5%) 3.7% (Void = 5.5%) MPa (void = 3.2%) MPa (void = 3.0%) MPa (Void = 4.3%) ε6=113 µdef ε6=84 µdef ε6=107 µdef

15 Results Mix Performances using the US specification system Mixes Requirement medium traffic level Volumetric data VMA VFA DP %Va > 13.0 [65 78] [ ] Nini Stiffness (MPa) at 15 C, 10 Hz AASHTO TP-79 Rutting resistance (flow number) At 7% air void T=54 C AASHTO TP-79 (Cycles) DCT (N/m) Low temp. cracking resistance At 7% air void At -12 C ASTM D < 90.5 >190 >400 Fatigue life (4-point bending mode) Fatigue line N=K1*ε -K2 AASHTO T-321 MIX1 (BM1+FB+AB) MIX2 (BM2+AB) MIX3 (EMS+FB+AB) ε5=338 µdef ε5=339 µdef ε5=393 µdef

16 Main findings from lab study Measurements on the blends: Biomaterials restore most physical properties of the aged bitumen: Penetration value increased, softening point temperature, DSR high temperature criteria decreased while Fraass and BBR critical temperature decreased EU and US systems give the same overall behavior in the high and low temperature domains Levels of regeneration measured by both methods are not strictly comparable.

17 Main findings from lab study Measurements on the mixes: All alternative mixes ensured excellent rutting resistance at high temperatures while providing superior fracture resistance at low temperatures and good fatigue life at intermediate temperatures. Rejuvenating effect of the biomaterials (as demonstrated at the binder level) High amount of RA can be incorporated in hot mix asphalt Appropriately selected additives/binders to reactivate the aged RA binder

18 Progress of the project Full scale test Construction of the demonstration test strip was done in May 2017 Next steps Summer 2017 Winter 2018: full scale evaluation (rutting + fatigue) April 2018: end of the project

19 Main outcomes Proof of concept done: It is possible to manufacture (in a conventional plant) and to lay (at full scale) a mix with 50%RA while reducing the part of petroleum bitumen (up to full replacement) Prior to definitive conclusion we need the results from full scale accelerated loading and LCA EU and US design methodologies in lab have been applied as well as physico-chemical studies useful for implementation under other climates and/or local technical regulations

20 Emmanuel Chailleux, Erik Bessmann, Pierre Hornych, Gaudefroy Vincent, & Juliette Blanc - IFSTTAR (FR) Zahra Sotoodeh-Nia, Nick Manke, Chris Williams, Eric Cochran - ISU (US) Davide Lo Presti and Ana Jimenez - University of Nottingham (UK) Laurent Porot - Kraton Chemicals (NL) Jean-Pascal Planche and Ryan Boysen - Western Research Institute (US) Simon Pouget and François Oland - EIFFAGE Infrastructures (FR)

21 Thank you for your attention