2. Define ecology: Study of interactions among organisms and their environment. Non living. 3. Decomposer All consumers BREAK DOWN organisms

Transcription

1 Name Ecology 1 Review Hour Score /15 DUE BEGINNING OF THE HOUR ON THURSDAY MARCH Define photosynthesis: Process used by plants and autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to make chemical energy. Light energy Chemical energy 2. Define ecology: Study of interactions among organisms and their environment Compare (similarity) 1. Abiotic factor Found in the environment/ecosystem Biotic factor 2. Carnivore All consumers get energy from other Herbivore organisms Omnivore Contrast (difference) Non living Living Eat only meat/other consumers Eat plants/producers Eat meat and plants 3. Decomposer All consumers BREAK DOWN organisms Detritivore Scavenger 4. Primary producer Herbivore Related to plants/ Both need energy Feed on DEAD plants and animal remains Consume the CARCASSES (dead bodies) Make energy by themselves Eat plants/producers for energy 5. Scavenger Both are consumers Consume carcasses /corpses/dead bodies Carnivore 6. Ecological pyramid Food web Food chain All show the transfer of energy between organisms Actually kill the prey Shows levels of energy in an ecosystem All connected food chains Energy moving from one organism to the other in steps 7. Trophic level The steps in which energy is being Ecological transferred pyramid Trophic levels make up the pyramid All of the trophic levels in an ecosystem 8. Nutrients Help animals live Chemical substances that organisms need to live Limiting nutrients The nutrient an organism NEEDS to grow and reproduce

2 Phytoplankton Photosynthetic algae found on the surface of water 9. Biomass Both have to do with life Total amount of living tissue in a trophic level (how much space living things take up) Biogeochemical cycles The cycle of elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen 10. The above diagram is an example of a food web. 11. CIRCLE all the organisms above that are producers. Next to each carnivore, write, C. Next to each herbivore, write, H. Next to each omnivore, write, O. 12. The diagram to the left is called a ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID. 13. If the plants in the diagram to the left have 10,000 kcal of energy, how much would transfer to the woodpecker at the top? 10 kcal 14. Draw an arrow showing the direction of energy flow in this pyramid. 15. Label the following on the pyramid above: Primary Producer, First Level Consumer, Second Level Consumer, Third Level Consumer 16. The picture to the right shows a biosphere/ ecosystem (circle one).

3 17. List 3 abiotic factors in the picture. Water, Air, Sun (NON LIVING) 18. List 3 biotic factors in the picture. Grass, Fish, Flies, Tadpoles, Water Weeds (LIVING) You want to test how the nitrogen in lawn fertilizer affects the growth of algae. Lawn fertilizers contain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). You think nitrogen will increase the algae growth more than phosphorus will. You set up four test tubes to be placed under a grow light. Test Tube Spring water Algae P N 1 20 ml 1 drop none none 2 20 ml 1 drop 1 drop 1 drop 3 20 ml 1 drop 1 drop none 4 20 ml 1 drop none 1 drop 19. What is the independent variable in your experiment? How much nitrogen and phosphorus 20. What is the dependent variable? Algae growth 21. What is the control? Tube 1 with just algae and water What is your hypothesis? (see the description above) You think nitrogen will increase the algae growth more than phosphorus will 22. What is the optical density of the control sample on day 4?

4 23. Which sample has an optical density of on day 4? 0.05 g/l 24. What was the scientist testing in this experiment? If increasing phosphorus increases algae growth 25. Using the table above, explain the difference between a population and a community. Population Same species Community 2 or more species 26. Using the table above, explain the difference between a community and an ecosystem. Community Only has biotic factors. So only has organisms Ecosystem Has biotic AND abiotic factors 27. Biosphere and biome are missing from the above table. Which one should be listed right under ecosystem? BIOME Define this level of organization. A group of similar ecosystems 28. Which one would be listed underneath that? Biosphere Define it. All livings things on Earth 29. In the above table, individual could be labeled instead as a living organism 30. List three ways that bacteria are important to the nitrogen cycle. 1 Turns nitrogen to gas (denitrification) Land Gas 2 Fixes nitrogen, Gas Land 3 Helps plants use nitrogen

5 31. We studied the cycles of water, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen. List the importance of each of these substances to you, as a human organism. Water: Phosphorus: We need to eat it to live Carbon: Nitrogen: We need it in order to breathe